Distributed Biomass Conversion Petter Heyerdahl and Geoffrey Gilpin Norwegian University of Life Sciences - Institute for Mathematics & Technology Roger Ruan, Paul Chen, Fei Yu, Kevin Hennessy, Yuanhua Wang, Jianping Wu, Alf Tunheim Center for Biorefining Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering University of Minnesota
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Distributed Biomass Conversion
Petter Heyerdahl and Geoffrey Gilpin Norwegian University of Life Sciences -Institute for Mathematics & Technology
Roger Ruan, Paul Chen, Fei Yu, Kevin Hennessy, Yuanhua Wang, Jianping Wu, Alf TunheimCenter for BiorefiningDepartment of Bioproducts and Biosystems EngineeringUniversity of Minnesota
Biomass Conversion
Direct use of conversion productsHeat and PowerBioethanolSyngasBio-oil
First step in utilization of biomassFor upgradingFeedstock for other processes
Initial Capital Investment
Technicality
Auxiliary Equipment/Facility
Feedstock Transport
Income for Biomass Producers
Challenges faced by large processing facilities
Distributed Conversion/Refining System
Biomass
Transport Central Processing Facility (CPF)
On-Site or Mobil ProcessingFacility (OSPF) Products
Densified
ChemicalFeedstock (DCF)
Bulk Biomass
Fractionation& Conversion
Refining
Conversion
Bale to Barrel
1,000lb, 100ft3
10lb/ft3
7,500,000BTU75,000BTU/ft3
One round hay balediameter = 5ftlength = 5ft
1.2 barrel500lb, 6.7ft3, 75lb/ft3
3,750,000BTU562,500BTU/ft3
1,500,000BTU
As fertilizer back to field for biomass production
Pyrolysis Chamberair tight hopper system w. 1 m3 capacityhorisontal-, cyclindricalreaction chamberw. auger transport systemmicrowave inlets x 3ventilation/under-pressurevapour outletdry fraction outet/collectionw. heatinginert gas linestemperature measurement
Microwave Generators
1.5 kW magnetrons x 3reflection indicator(selectable)tuning device x3inert gas inlets CO2, h2vertical microwaveguides ca. 5m ↕
Condensing
Column
& Liquid
Collection
5 fraction distililationcolumn2 x gas scrubbersCollection tank for distillatew. Heating elementDry gas flare
Logging Capabilities as functions
of
time
FeedstockTemperature [ºC]
ReactionVapour temp. [ºC]Condensing temp. [ºC] x 5 pt.
PowerEmitted and reflected
Laboratory MWP ReactorBatch operation1-2 l input material capacitynear limitless input materials capability≤ 1200 ºCin-time gas sampling and analysis (06.07)Insured safe workingenvironment (microwave, gas leakage)
Condensing Column & Liquid Collection2 x tube-in-tube heat exchangersStage 1 - air coolingStage 2 - water coolingLiquid sample collectionScaleThermocoupleVapour inletGas outlet (to FTIR)
Logging Capabilities as functions
of
time
FeedstockWeight loss [g & %] (± 0.1 g) Temperature [ºC]
ReactionVapour temp. [ºC]Condensing temp. [ºC] x 2 pt.
LiquidWeight increase [g] (± 0.1g)
GasPlanned; volume flow [l/s]
Objectives
To understand and optimize the processesTo explore product possibilitiesTo develop pilot scale continuous processes and equipment
Work accomplished
Experiments to investigate product yields and properties under different conditionsTesting different feedstockBurning and engine testing of bio-oilsDevelopment of bio-polymers from bio-oilsDevelopment of continuous microwave pyrolysis and hydrothermal pyrolysis systems
Continuous processLarger capacityClosed-system: gas turbine for electricity generationTwo-state processes: pyrolysis and gasificationCompletion: estimated in July or August
Schematic Diagram of the Microwave-Assisted Pyrolysis System under Design