Microwave Design PDF

7/23/2019 Microwave Design PDF

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Introduction to Microwave

Microwave communication is the transmission of signals by means of series of microwave

towers. It is also known as “line of sight” propagation which means nothing should obstruct

the data being transmitted or received.

Microwave refers to electromagnetic energy having a frequency higher than 1GHz

corresponding to wavelength shorter than 30cm. This part of the radio spectrum ranges from

1GHz up to 30GHz.

A studio-transmitter link (or STL) sends a radio station or television station's audio and

video from the broadcast studio to a transmitter in another location.

The best locations to place antennas are the mountainous areas, in which needed towers are

shorter but putting up a studio is impractical. In flat regions, it is not advisable to place the

center of the station near the community, for the people might frown the antenna, thus the

antennas should be placed several miles or kilometers away.

Depending on the locations that must be connected, a station may choose either a point to

point (PTP) link on another special radio frequency, or a newer all-digital wired link via a

dedicated T1 or E1 (or larger-capacity) line. Radio links can also be digital, or the older analog

type, or a hybrid of the two. Even on older all-analog systems, multiple audio and data channels

can be sent using subcarriers.

Stations that employ an STL usually also have a transmitter-studio link (TSL) to return

telemetry information. Both the STL and TSL are considered broadcast auxiliary services

(BAS).

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Point-to-point_%28telecommunications%29


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_frequency

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_%28signal%29

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-carrier


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analog_%28signal%29

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In-band_on-channel

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel_%28communications%29

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subcarrier

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmitter-studio_link

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telemetry

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadcast_auxiliary_service

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadcast_auxiliary_service

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telemetry

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmitter-studio_link

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subcarrier

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Channel_%28communications%29

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In-band_on-channel

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analog_%28signal%29



http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_%28signal%29

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_frequency





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Site Demographic Profile

Site A: Moncada, Tarlac

Moncada is a populated place in the region of Tarlac, the country of The Philippines with an

average elevation of 19 meter above sea level. According to the 2010 census, it has a population

of 54,547 people in 10,144 households. The area is mildly densely populated with 444 people per

km2

Geographical Coordinates:

15° 44' 12" North, 120° 34' 28" East

Access Roads:

Exit SCTex La Paz Toll Gate then take Tarlac City junction to Gerona Bypass Road reaching

Paniqui junction to Moncada proper.



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Weather Conditions:

Moncada has a humid climate. The land area is totally cultivated, not much natural vegetation is

left. The landscape is mostly covered with rainfed croplands. The climate is classified as a tropical

monsoon (short dry season, monsoon rains other months), with a tropical wet forest biozone . The

soil in the area is high in nitosols, andosols (nt), soil with deep, clay-enriched lower horizon with

shiny ped surfaces.

April is warmest with an average temperature of 34.3 °C at noon. January is coldest with an

average temperature of 20.5 °C at night. Moncada has no distinct temperature seasons, the

temperature is relatively constant during the year. The temperatures at night are cooler than during

daytime. April is on average the month with most sunshine. The wet season has a rainfall peak

around July, the dry season is around the month of December.

Physical Characteristics:

Terrain Type: relatively flat with cultivated lands around

Power, Communications and other Industries:

Telephone, Internet and Cable TV Providers: PLDT Tarlac, Sun Cellular, SMART

Communications, Globe Telecom, HI-TECH CABLE TV, INC.

Power lines: Tarlac Power Corporation, Tarlac Electric, Inc.



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Site R (Repeater): Tarlac City, Tarlac

The city is situated at the center of the province. To its north is Gerona and Santa Ignacia, west

is San Jose, south is Capas and Concepcion and eastern boundaries are Victoria and La Paz. This

is also the location of Tarlac River.

Tarlac City is approximately 24 metres (79 ft) above sea level on some parts but reaching even 50

metres (160 ft) on large western portions. Tarlac City was historically a part of what is now Porac,

Pampanga. Parts of Tarlac city are claimed to be among the few portions of land in the province

which was not created by ancient eruptions from Mount Pinatubo.


15°28′N 120°35′E

Access Roads:

From McArthur Highway, take right to Luisita Road.

Alternate Route: NLEX, take SCTEX after Dau Pampanga then take left to Luisita Road.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerona,_Tarlac

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Ignacia,_Tarlac

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Jose,_Tarlac

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capas,_Tarlac

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concepcion,_Tarlac

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria,_Tarlac

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Paz,_Tarlac

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarlac_River

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porac,_Pampanga


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Pinatubo

https://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Tarlac_City&params=15_28_N_120_35_E_type:city(318332)_region:PH





https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Pinatubo



https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarlac_River

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Paz,_Tarlac

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria,_Tarlac

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concepcion,_Tarlac

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capas,_Tarlac

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Jose,_Tarlac

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Ignacia,_Tarlac

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerona,_Tarlac



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Weather Conditions:

Tarlac City has a humid climate. The land area is totally cultivated, not much natural vegetation is

left. The landscape is mostly covered with rain-fed croplands. The climate is classified as a tropical

monsoon (short dry season, monsoon rains other months), with a subtropical wet forest biozone .

The soil in the area is high in nitosols, andosols (nt), soil with deep, clay-enriched lower horizon

with shiny pad surfaces.

April is warmest with an average temperature of 34.2 °C at noon. February is coldest with an

average temperature of 20.6 °C at night. San Miguel has no distinct temperature seasons; the



around October; the dry season is around the month of March.


Terrain Type: relatively flat with swamps and massive cultivated land.


Telephone, Internet and Cable TV Providers: PLDT Tarlac, Sun Cellular, SMART


Power lines: Tarlac Power Corporation, Tarlac Electric, Inc.



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Site B: Mabalacat, Pampanga

Mabalacat, officially Mabalacat, is a component city in the northern part of

the province of Pampanga, Philippines. The former municipality was officially converted into a

city following a referendum on July 21, 2012, and became the third in Pampanga after Angeles

City and City of San Fernando. According to the 2010 census, it has a population of 215,610

people. The city's name is derived from the ancient "balacat " trees which were found abundantly

in the area.

Mabalacat has a land area of 83.18 square kilometres (32.12 sq mi). Roughly 60% of the Clark

Freeport Zone is located in Mabalacat, the rest in nearby Angeles City, where the Clark main gate

is located and which is served by the Clark International Airport with its numerous hotels, casinos,

golf courses, and resorts.


15°13′N 120°35′E

Access Roads:

Through Mc Arthur Highway and through NLEX.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_city

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_province

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pampanga

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipalities_of_the_Philippines

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angeles,_Pampanga


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Fernando,_Pampanga

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clark_Freeport_Zone


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clark_International_Airport

https://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Mabalacat&params=15_13_N_120_35_E_type:city(215610)_region:PH





https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clark_International_Airport



https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Fernando,_Pampanga



https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipalities_of_the_Philippines

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pampanga

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_province

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_city



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Weather Conditions:

Mabalacat has a humid climate. The land area is totally cultivated, not much natural vegetation is

left. The landscape is mostly covered with rain-fed croplands. The climate is classified as a tropical

monsoon (short dry season, monsoon rains other months), with a subtropical wet forest biozone .The soil in the area is high in nitosols, andosols (nt), soil with deep, clay-enriched lower horizon

with shiny pad surfaces.

April is warmest with an average temperature of 34.2 °C at noon. February is coldest with an

average temperature of 20.6 °C at night. Mabalacat has no distinct temperature seasons; the



around October; the dry season is around the month of March.


The soil is charcoal black and shiny, a sign of fertility, and is suitable for growing rice, sugarcane

and other rootcrops. Like Porac, Santa Rita, Magalang, and Angeles City, this city never gets

inundated by floods from heavy rain because it is situated on an elevated plain known as the "Upper

Pampanga".


Telephone, Internet and Cable TV Providers: PLDT Pampanga, Sun Cellular, SMART


Power Lines: Pampanga Electric Cooperative, Inc



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Path Profile:

Site A to R:

Black= Antenna Height

Violet=0.6FGreen=Allowance

Red=ElevationBlue=Earth Bulge



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Site R to A:

Black= Antenna HeightViolet=0.6F

Green=Allowance




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Site R to B:


Green=Allowance




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Site B to R:


Green=Allowance




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Path Data Sheet

Point A to R F=5.935Ghz

D1 (km) D2 (km) Earth Bulge (m) Elevation (m) Terrain Allowance F1(First Fresnel) 0.6(F1)0 30 0 16.1 Settlement 0 0 0

1 29 1.705882353 16.1 Rice Fields 0 6.981907859 4.189144715

2 28 3.294117647 16.1 Rice Fields 0 9.702175532 5.821305319

3 27 4.764705882 15 Rice Fields 0 11.66856967 7.001141801

4 26 6.117647059 13 Rice Fields 0 13.22183654 7.933101925

5 25 7.352941176 14.8 Rice Fields 0 14.49539721 8.697238326

6 24 8.470588235 15.2 Rice Fields 0 15.55809289 9.334855735

7 23 9.470588235 15.2 Rice Fields 0 16.450839 9.870503402

8 22 10.35294118 17.7 Settlement 20 17.20011886 10.32007131

9 21 11.11764706 17.7 Rice Fields 0 17.82403459 10.6944207510 20 11.76470588 18.8 Rice Fields 0 18.33538831 11.00123299

11 19 12.29411765 18.8 Rice Fields 0 18.74339498 11.24603699

12 18 12.70588235 22.4 Settlement 20 19.05469448 11.43281669

13 17 13 22.4 Settlement 20 19.27397321 11.56438393

14 16 13.17647059 17 Rice Fields 0 19.40435106 11.64261064

15 15 13.23529412 17 Rice Fields 0 19.44761611 11.66856967

16 14 13.17647059 28 Rice Fields 0 19.40435106 11.64261064

17 13 13 28 Rice Fields 0 19.27397321 11.56438393

18 12 12.70588235 30 Rice Fields 0 19.05469448 11.43281669

19 11 12.29411765 30.3 Rice Fields 0 18.74339498 11.24603699

20 10 11.76470588 33 Lahar 0 18.33538831 11.00123299

21 9 11.11764706 33 Lahar 0 17.82403459 10.69442075

22 8 10.35294118 33 Lahar 0 17.20011886 10.32007131

23 7 9.470588235 37.1 Lahar 0 16.450839 9.870503402

24 6 8.470588235 37.1 Lahar 0 15.55809289 9.334855735

25 5 7.352941176 41 Lahar 0 14.49539721 8.697238326

26 4 6.117647059 40.2 Lahar 0 13.22183654 7.933101925

27 3 4.764705882 40 Settlement 20 11.66856967 7.001141801

28 2 3.294117647 40 Settlement 20 9.702175532 5.821305319

29 1 1.705882353 40 Settlement 20 6.981907859 4.189144715

30 0 0 40.5 Settlement 0 0 0



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Path Data Sheet

Point R to A F=6.215Ghz

D1 (km) D2 (km) Earth Bulge (m) Elevation (m) Terrain Allowance F1(First Fresnel) 0.6(F1)0 30 0 40.5 Settlement 0 0 0

1 29 1.705882353 40 Settlement 20 6.822819912 4.093691947

2 28 3.294117647 40 Settlement 20 9.481104269 5.688662561

3 27 4.764705882 40 Settlement 20 11.40269266 6.841615594

4 26 6.117647059 40.2 Lahar 0 12.92056719 7.752340316

5 25 7.352941176 41 Lahar 0 14.16510884 8.499065303

6 24 8.470588235 37.1 Lahar 0 15.20359021 9.122154126

7 23 9.470588235 37.1 Lahar 0 16.07599444 9.645596664

8 22 10.35294118 33 Lahar 0 16.8082014 10.08492084

9 21 11.11764706 33 Lahar 0 17.41790074 10.4507404510 20 11.76470588 33 Lahar 0 17.91760289 10.75056174

11 19 12.29411765 30.3 Rice Fields 0 18.31631283 10.9897877

12 18 12.70588235 30 Rice Fields 0 18.62051914 11.17231148

13 17 13 28 Rice Fields 0 18.83480144 11.30088086

14 16 13.17647059 28 Rice Fields 0 18.96220854 11.37732512

15 15 13.23529412 17 Rice Fields 0 19.00448776 11.40269266

16 14 13.17647059 17 Rice Fields 0 18.96220854 11.37732512

17 13 13 22.4 Settlement 20 18.83480144 11.30088086

18 12 12.70588235 22.4 Settlement 20 18.62051914 11.17231148

19 11 12.29411765 18.8 Rice Fields 0 18.31631283 10.9897877

20 10 11.76470588 18.8 Rice Fields 0 17.91760289 10.75056174

21 9 11.11764706 17.7 Rice Fields 0 17.41790074 10.45074045

22 8 10.35294118 17.7 Settlement 20 16.8082014 10.08492084

23 7 9.470588235 15.2 Rice Fields 0 16.07599444 9.645596664

24 6 8.470588235 15.2 Rice Fields 0 15.20359021 9.122154126

25 5 7.352941176 14.8 Rice Fields 0 14.16510884 8.499065303

26 4 6.117647059 13 Rice Fields 0 12.92056719 7.752340316

27 3 4.764705882 15 Rice Fields 0 11.40269266 6.841615594

28 2 3.294117647 16.1 Rice Fields 0 9.481104269 5.688662561

29 1 1.705882353 16.1 Rice Fields 0 6.822819912 4.093691947

30 0 0 16.1 Settlement 0 0 0



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Path Data Sheet

Point R to B F=5.975Ghz

D1 (km) D2 (km) Earth Bulge (m)Elevation

(m) Terrain Allowance (m)F1(FirstFresnel) 0.6(F1)

0 27 0 40.5 Settlement 0 0 0

1 26 1.529411765 46.6 Settlement 20 6.945154961 4.167092977

2 25 2.941176471 46.6 Settlement 20 9.63119705 5.77871823

3 24 4.235294118 46.6 Tropical Grass 6.1 11.55743646 6.934461876

4 23 5.411764706 53.2 Rice Fields 0 13.0643913 7.838634783

5 22 6.470588235 53.2 Rice Fields 0 14.2853738 8.571224279

6 21 7.411764706 52.5 Rice Fields 0 15.28905133 9.1734308

7 20 8.235294118 52.5 Rice Fields 0 16.11607516 9.669645095

8 19 8.941176471 59 Rice Fields 0 16.79256586 10.07553951

9 18 9.529411765 53 Rice Fields 0 17.33615469 10.40169281

10 17 10 53 Rice Fields 0 17.75904988 10.65542993

11 16 10.35294118 53 Settlement 20 18.06972737 10.84183642

12 15 10.58823529 48.3 Rice Fields 0 18.27391156 10.96434694

13 14 10.70588235 48.3 Rice Fields 0 18.37515284 11.02509171

14 13 10.70588235 48.3 Settlement 20 18.37515284 11.02509171

15 12 10.58823529 46.2 Rice Fields 0 18.27391156 10.96434694

16 11 10.35294118 46.2 Rice Fields 0 18.06972737 10.84183642

17 10 10 46.2 Settlement 20 17.75904988 10.65542993

18 9 9.529411765 52.3 Rice Fields 0 17.33615469 10.40169281

19 8 8.941176471 52.3 Rice Fields 0 16.79256586 10.07553951

20 7 8.235294118 67.2 Rice Fields 0 16.11607516 9.669645095

21 6 7.411764706 67.2 Rice Fields 0 15.28905133 9.1734308

22 5 6.470588235 67.2 Tropical Grass 6.1 14.2853738 8.571224279

23 4 5.411764706 60 Tropical Grass 6.1 13.0643913 7.838634783

24 3 4.235294118 70 Lahar 0 11.55743646 6.934461876

25 2 2.941176471 80 Settlement 20 9.63119705 5.77871823

26 1 1.529411765 80 Woodland 6.1 6.945154961 4.167092977

27 0 0 80 Settlement 0 0 0



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Path Data Sheet

Point B to R F=6.255Ghz

D1 (km) D2 (km)

Earth Bulge

(m)

Elevation

(m) Terrain

Allowance

(m)

F1(First

Fresnel) 0.6(F1)0 27 0 80 Settlement 0 0 0

1 26 1.529411765 80 Woodland 6.1 6.787928171 4.072756903

2 25 2.941176471 80 Settlement 20 9.413162721 5.647897633

3 24 4.235294118 70 Lahar 0 11.29579527 6.777477159

4 23 5.411764706 60 Tropical Grass 6.1 12.76863515 7.661181091

5 22 6.470588235 67.2 Tropical Grass 6.1 13.96197663 8.377185976

6 21 7.411764706 67.2 Rice Fields 0 14.94293257 8.96575954

7 20 8.235294118 67.2 Rice Fields 0 15.75123394 9.450740366

8 19 8.941176471 52.3 Rice Fields 0 16.41241002 9.84744601

9 18 9.529411765 52.3 Rice Fields 0 16.9436929 10.1662157410 17 10 46.2 Settlement 20 17.35701444 10.41420866

11 16 10.35294118 46.2 Rice Fields 0 17.66065871 10.59639523

12 15 10.58823529 46.2 Rice Fields 0 17.86022051 10.71613231

13 14 10.70588235 48.3 Settlement 20 17.95916986 10.77550191

14 13 10.70588235 48.3 Rice Fields 0 17.95916986 10.77550191

15 12 10.58823529 48.3 Rice Fields 0 17.86022051 10.71613231

16 11 10.35294118 53 Settlement 20 17.66065871 10.59639523

17 10 10 53 Rice Fields 0 17.35701444 10.41420866

18 9 9.529411765 53 Rice Fields 0 16.9436929 10.16621574

19 8 8.941176471 59 Rice Fields 0 16.41241002 9.84744601

20 7 8.235294118 52.5 Rice Fields 0 15.75123394 9.450740366

21 6 7.411764706 52.5 Rice Fields 0 14.94293257 8.96575954

22 5 6.470588235 53.2 Rice Fields 0 13.96197663 8.377185976

23 4 5.411764706 53.2 Rice Fields 0 12.76863515 7.661181091

24 3 4.235294118 46.6 Tropical Grass 6.1 11.29579527 6.777477159

25 2 2.941176471 46.6 Settlement 20 9.413162721 5.647897633

26 1 1.529411765 46.6 Settlement 20 6.787928171 4.072756903

27 0 0 40.5 Settlement 0 0 0



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Path Data Calculation Sheet

Point A to R

Company: FEU Telecoms Project Name: FEU Microwave Relay Station

Transmitter Site: Moncada, Tarlac 15° 44' 12" North, 120° 34' 28" EastReceiver Site: Tarlac City, Tarlac 15°28′ North 120°35′ East

Operating Frequency: 5.935 Ghz

SITE A SITE R

ANTENNA AZIMUTH ±5 ±5

ANTENNA DIAMETER (ft) 4 4

ANTENNA GAIN (dB) 35.00961429 35.00961429

ANTENNA HEIGHT (m) 22.9 71.25

FSL (dB) 137.4108396

CIRCULATOR LOSS (dB) 0.18 0.18

CONNECTOR LOSS (dB) 0.01 0.01

RADOME LOSS (dB) 0.5 0.5

WAVEGUIDE LOSS (dB) 3.935 dB/100m 3.935 dB/100m

WAVEGUIDE TYPE Elliptical

WAVEGUIDE LENGTH (m) 29 77.35

TOTAL LOSS (dB) 142.9757121

TRANSMITTER POWER (dBm) 33

RSL (dBm) -39.95648352

FADE MARGIN (dB) -45.04351648

RELIABILITY (%) 99.99961806%








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Point R to A


Transmitter Site: Tarlac City, Tarlac 15°28′ North 120°35′ East Receiver Site: Moncada, Tarlac 15° 44' 12" North, 120° 34' 28" East


SITE R SITE A



ANTENNA GAIN (dB) 35.41002249 35.41002249

ANTENNA HEIGHT (m) 71.25 22.9

FSL (dB) 137.8112478






WAVEGUIDE LENGTH (m) 77.35 29



RSL (dBm) -39.55607532


RELIABILITY (%) 99.99962676%








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Point R to B


Transmitter Site: Tarlac City, Tarlac 15°28′ North 120°35′ East Receiver Site: Mabalacat, Pampanga 15°13′North 120°35′ East


SITE R SITE B



ANTENNA GAIN (dB) 35.06795802 35.06795802

ANTENNA HEIGHT (m) 42 31

FSL (dB) 137.8112478






WAVEGUIDE LENGTH (m) 48.1 37.1



RSL (dBm) -38.15073746


RELIABILITY (%) 99.99981442%













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Point R to B


Transmitter Site: Mabalacat, Pampanga 15°13′North 120°35′ EastReceiver Site: Tarlac City, Tarlac 15°28′ North 120°35′ East


SITE R SITE B



ANTENNA GAIN (dB) 35.06795802 35.06795802

ANTENNA HEIGHT (m) 31 42

FSL (dB) 137.8112478






WAVEGUIDE LENGTH (m) 37.1 48.1



RSL (dBm) -37.75294939


RELIABILITY (%) 99.99981863%













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Transmission Calculation

Earth Bulge(m) Point A to R

( 0 * 30 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 0

( 1 * 29 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 1.705882353

( 2 * 28 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 3.294117647

( 3 * 27 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 4.764705882

( 4 * 26 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 6.117647059

( 5 * 25 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 7.352941176

( 6 * 24 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 8.470588235

( 7 * 23 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 9.470588235

( 8 * 22 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 10.35294118

( 9 * 21 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 11.11764706

( 10 * 20 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 11.76470588

( 11 * 19 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 12.29411765( 12 * 18 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 12.70588235

( 13 * 17 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 13

( 14 * 16 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 13.17647059

( 15 * 15 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 13.23529412

( 16 * 14 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 13.17647059

( 17 * 13 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 13

( 18 * 12 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 12.70588235

( 19 * 11 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 12.29411765

( 20 * 10 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 11.76470588

( 21 * 9 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 11.11764706( 22 * 8 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 10.35294118

( 23 * 7 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 9.470588235

( 24 * 6 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 8.470588235

( 25 * 5 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 7.352941176

( 26 * 4 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 6.117647059

( 27 * 3 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 4.764705882

( 28 * 2 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 3.294117647

( 29 * 1 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 1.705882353

( 30 * 0 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 0



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Earth Bulge(m) Point R to A

( 0 * 30 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 0

( 1 * 29 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 1.705882353

( 2 * 28 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 3.294117647

( 3 * 27 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 4.764705882

( 4 * 26 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 6.117647059

( 5 * 25 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 7.352941176

( 6 * 24 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 8.470588235

( 7 * 23 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 9.470588235

( 8 * 22 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 10.35294118

( 9 * 21 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 11.11764706

( 10 * 20 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 11.76470588

( 11 * 19 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 12.29411765( 12 * 18 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 12.70588235

( 13 * 17 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 13

( 14 * 16 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 13.17647059

( 15 * 15 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 13.23529412

( 16 * 14 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 13.17647059

( 17 * 13 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 13

( 18 * 12 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 12.70588235

( 19 * 11 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 12.29411765

( 20 * 10 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 11.76470588

( 21 * 9 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 11.11764706( 22 * 8 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 10.35294118

( 23 * 7 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 9.470588235

( 24 * 6 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 8.470588235

( 25 * 5 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 7.352941176

( 26 * 4 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 6.117647059

( 27 * 3 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 4.764705882

( 28 * 2 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 3.294117647

( 29 * 1 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 1.705882353

( 30 * 0 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 0



22 | P a g e


Earth Bulge(m) Point R to B

( 0 * 27 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 0

( 1 * 26 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 1.529411765

( 2 * 25 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 2.941176471

( 3 * 24 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 4.235294118

( 4 * 23 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 5.411764706

( 5 * 22 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 6.470588235

( 6 * 21 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 7.411764706

( 7 * 20 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 8.235294118

( 8 * 19 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 8.941176471

( 9 * 18 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 9.529411765

( 10 * 17 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 10( 11 * 16 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 10.35294118

( 12 * 15 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 10.58823529

( 13 * 14 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 10.70588235

( 14 * 13 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 10.70588235

( 15 * 12 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 10.58823529

( 16 * 11 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 10.35294118

( 17 * 10 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 10

( 18 * 9 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 9.529411765

( 19 * 8 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 8.941176471

( 20 * 7 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 8.235294118( 21 * 6 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 7.411764706

( 22 * 5 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 6.470588235

( 23 * 4 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 5.411764706

( 24 * 3 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 4.235294118

( 25 * 2 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 2.941176471

( 26 * 1 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 1.529411765

( 27 * 0 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 0



23 | P a g e


Earth Bulge(m) Point B to R

( 0 * 27 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 0

( 1 * 26 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 1.529411765

( 2 * 25 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 2.941176471

( 3 * 24 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 4.235294118

( 4 * 23 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 5.411764706

( 5 * 22 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 6.470588235

( 6 * 21 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 7.411764706

( 7 * 20 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 8.235294118

( 8 * 19 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 8.941176471

( 9 * 18 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 9.529411765

( 10 * 17 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 10

( 11 * 16 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 10.35294118( 12 * 15 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 10.58823529

( 13 * 14 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 10.70588235

( 14 * 13 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 10.70588235

( 15 * 12 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 10.58823529

( 16 * 11 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 10.35294118

( 17 * 10 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 10

( 18 * 9 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 9.529411765

( 19 * 8 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 8.941176471

( 20 * 7 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 8.235294118

( 21 * 6 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 7.411764706( 22 * 5 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 6.470588235

( 23 * 4 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 5.411764706

( 24 * 3 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 4.235294118

( 25 * 2 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 2.941176471

( 26 * 1 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 1.529411765

( 27 * 0 ) / ( 12.75 * (4/3) )= 0



24 | P a g e


F1 Point A to R F=5.935Ghz

17.3 *√ (( 0 * 30 )/( 5.935 * ( 0 + 30 )))= 0

17.3 *√ (( 1 * 29 )/( 5.935 * ( 1 + 29 )))= 6.981907859

17.3 *√ (( 2 * 28 )/( 5.935 * ( 2 + 28 )))= 9.702175532

17.3 *√ (( 3 * 27 )/( 5.935 * ( 3 + 27 )))= 11.66856967

17.3 *√ (( 4 * 26 )/( 5.935 * ( 4 + 26 )))= 13.22183654

17.3 *√ (( 5 * 25 )/( 5.935 * ( 5 + 25 )))= 14.49539721

17.3 *√ (( 6 * 24 )/( 5.935 * ( 6 + 24 )))= 15.55809289

17.3 *√ (( 7 * 23 )/( 5.935 * ( 7 + 23 )))= 16.450839

17.3 *√ (( 8 * 22 )/( 5.935 * ( 8 + 22 )))= 17.20011886

17.3 *√ (( 9 * 21 )/( 5.935 * ( 9 + 21 )))= 17.82403459

17.3 *√ (( 10 * 20 )/( 5.935 * ( 10 + 20 )))= 18.33538831

17.3 *√ (( 11 * 19 )/( 5.935 * ( 11 + 19 )))= 18.7433949817.3 *√ (( 12 * 18 )/( 5.935 * ( 12 + 18 )))= 19.05469448

17.3 *√ (( 13 * 17 )/( 5.935 * ( 13 + 17 )))= 19.27397321

17.3 *√ (( 14 * 16 )/( 5.935 * ( 14 + 16 )))= 19.40435106

17.3 *√ (( 15 * 15 )/( 5.935 * ( 15 + 15 )))= 19.44761611

17.3 *√ (( 16 * 14 )/( 5.935 * ( 16 + 14 )))= 19.40435106

17.3 *√ (( 17 * 13 )/( 5.935 * ( 17 + 13 )))= 19.27397321

17.3 *√ (( 18 * 12 )/( 5.935 * ( 18 + 12 )))= 19.05469448

17.3 *√ (( 19 * 11 )/( 5.935 * ( 19 + 11 )))= 18.74339498

17.3 *√ (( 20 * 10 )/( 5.935 * ( 20 + 10 )))= 18.33538831

17.3 *√ (( 21 * 9 )/( 5.935 * ( 21 + 9 )))= 17.8240345917.3 *√ (( 22 * 8 )/( 5.935 * ( 22 + 8 )))= 17.20011886

17.3 *√ (( 23 * 7 )/( 5.935 * ( 23 + 7 )))= 16.450839

17.3 *√ (( 24 * 6 )/( 5.935 * ( 24 + 6 )))= 15.55809289

17.3 *√ (( 25 * 5 )/( 5.935 * ( 25 + 5 )))= 14.49539721

17.3 *√ (( 26 * 4 )/( 5.935 * ( 26 + 4 )))= 13.22183654

17.3 *√ (( 27 * 3 )/( 5.935 * ( 27 + 3 )))= 11.66856967

17.3 *√ (( 28 * 2 )/( 5.935 * ( 28 + 2 )))= 9.702175532

17.3 *√ (( 29 * 1 )/( 5.935 * ( 29 + 1 )))= 6.981907859

17.3 *√ (( 30 * 0 )/( 5.935 * ( 30 + 0 )))= 0



25 | P a g e


F1 Point R to A F=6.215Ghz

17.3 *√ (( 0 * 30 )/( 6.215 * ( 0 + 30 )))= 0

17.3 *√ (( 1 * 29 )/( 6.215 * ( 1 + 29 )))= 6.822819912

17.3 *√ (( 2 * 28 )/( 6.215 * ( 2 + 28 )))= 9.481104269

17.3 *√ (( 3 * 27 )/( 6.215 * ( 3 + 27 )))= 11.40269266

17.3 *√ (( 4 * 26 )/( 6.215 * ( 4 + 26 )))= 12.92056719

17.3 *√ (( 5 * 25 )/( 6.215 * ( 5 + 25 )))= 14.16510884

17.3 *√ (( 6 * 24 )/( 6.215 * ( 6 + 24 )))= 15.20359021

17.3 *√ (( 7 * 23 )/( 6.215 * ( 7 + 23 )))= 16.07599444

17.3 *√ (( 8 * 22 )/( 6.215 * ( 8 + 22 )))= 16.8082014

17.3 *√ (( 9 * 21 )/( 6.215 * ( 9 + 21 )))= 17.41790074

17.3 *√ (( 10 * 20 )/( 6.215 * ( 10 + 20 )))= 17.91760289

17.3 *√ (( 11 * 19 )/( 6.215 * ( 11 + 19 )))= 18.3163128317.3 *√ (( 12 * 18 )/( 6.215 * ( 12 + 18 )))= 18.62051914

17.3 *√ (( 13 * 17 )/( 6.215 * ( 13 + 17 )))= 18.83480144

17.3 *√ (( 14 * 16 )/( 6.215 * ( 14 + 16 )))= 18.96220854

17.3 *√ (( 15 * 15 )/( 6.215 * ( 15 + 15 )))= 19.00448776

17.3 *√ (( 16 * 14 )/( 6.215 * ( 16 + 14 )))= 18.96220854

17.3 *√ (( 17 * 13 )/( 6.215 * ( 17 + 13 )))= 18.83480144

17.3 *√ (( 18 * 12 )/( 6.215 * ( 18 + 12 )))= 18.62051914

17.3 *√ (( 19 * 11 )/( 6.215 * ( 19 + 11 )))= 18.31631283

17.3 *√ (( 20 * 10 )/( 6.215 * ( 20 + 10 )))= 17.91760289

17.3 *√ (( 21 * 9 )/( 6.215 * ( 21 + 9 )))= 17.4179007417.3 *√ (( 22 * 8 )/( 6.215 * ( 22 + 8 )))= 16.8082014

17.3 *√ (( 23 * 7 )/( 6.215 * ( 23 + 7 )))= 16.07599444

17.3 *√ (( 24 * 6 )/( 6.215 * ( 24 + 6 )))= 15.20359021

17.3 *√ (( 25 * 5 )/( 6.215 * ( 25 + 5 )))= 14.16510884

17.3 *√ (( 26 * 4 )/( 6.215 * ( 26 + 4 )))= 12.92056719

17.3 *√ (( 27 * 3 )/( 6.215 * ( 27 + 3 )))= 11.40269266

17.3 *√ (( 28 * 2 )/( 6.215 * ( 28 + 2 )))= 9.481104269

17.3 *√ (( 29 * 1 )/( 6.215 * ( 29 + 1 )))= 6.822819912

17.3 *√ (( 30 * 0 )/( 6.215 * ( 30 + 0 )))= 0



26 | P a g e


F1 Point R to B F=5.975Ghz

17.3 *√ (( 0 * 27 )/( 5.975 * ( 0 + 27 )))= 0

17.3 *√ (( 1 * 26 )/( 5.975 * ( 1 + 26 )))= 6.945154961

17.3 *√ (( 2 * 25 )/( 5.975 * ( 2 + 25 )))= 9.63119705

17.3 *√ (( 3 * 24 )/( 5.975 * ( 3 + 24 )))= 11.55743646

17.3 *√ (( 4 * 23 )/( 5.975 * ( 4 + 23 )))= 13.0643913

17.3 *√ (( 5 * 22 )/( 5.975 * ( 5 + 22 )))= 14.2853738

17.3 *√ (( 6 * 21 )/( 5.975 * ( 6 + 21 )))= 15.28905133

17.3 *√ (( 7 * 20 )/( 5.975 * ( 7 + 20 )))= 16.11607516

17.3 *√ (( 8 * 19 )/( 5.975 * ( 8 + 19 )))= 16.79256586

17.3 *√ (( 9 * 18 )/( 5.975 * ( 9 + 18 )))= 17.33615469

17.3 *√ (( 10 * 17 )/( 5.975 * ( 10 + 17 )))= 17.75904988

17.3 *√ (( 11 * 16 )/( 5.975 * ( 11 + 16 )))= 18.0697273717.3 *√ (( 12 * 15 )/( 5.975 * ( 12 + 15 )))= 18.27391156

17.3 *√ (( 13 * 14 )/( 5.975 * ( 13 + 14 )))= 18.37515284

17.3 *√ (( 14 * 13 )/( 5.975 * ( 14 + 13 )))= 18.37515284

17.3 *√ (( 15 * 12 )/( 5.975 * ( 15 + 12 )))= 18.27391156

17.3 *√ (( 16 * 11 )/( 5.975 * ( 16 + 11 )))= 18.06972737

17.3 *√ (( 17 * 10 )/( 5.975 * ( 17 + 10 )))= 17.75904988

17.3 *√ (( 18 * 9 )/( 5.975 * ( 18 + 9 )))= 17.33615469

17.3 *√ (( 19 * 8 )/( 5.975 * ( 19 + 8 )))= 16.79256586

17.3 *√ (( 20 * 7 )/( 5.975 * ( 20 + 7 )))= 16.11607516

17.3 *√ (( 21 * 6 )/( 5.975 * ( 21 + 6 )))= 15.2890513317.3 *√ (( 22 * 5 )/( 5.975 * ( 22 + 5 )))= 14.2853738

17.3 *√ (( 23 * 4 )/( 5.975 * ( 23 + 4 )))= 13.0643913

17.3 *√ (( 24 * 3 )/( 5.975 * ( 24 + 3 )))= 11.55743646

17.3 *√ (( 25 * 2 )/( 5.975 * ( 25 + 2 )))= 9.63119705

17.3 *√ (( 26 * 1 )/( 5.975 * ( 26 + 1 )))= 6.945154961

17.3 *√ (( 27 * 0 )/( 5.975 * ( 27 + 0 )))= 0



27 | P a g e


F1 Point B to R F=6.255Ghz

17.3*√

(( 0 * 27 )/( 6.255 * ( 0 + 27 )))= 017.3 *√ (( 1 * 26 )/( 6.255 * ( 1 + 26 )))= 6.787928171

17.3 *√ (( 2 * 25 )/( 6.255 * ( 2 + 25 )))= 9.413162721

17.3 *√ (( 3 * 24 )/( 6.255 * ( 3 + 24 )))= 11.29579527

17.3 *√ (( 4 * 23 )/( 6.255 * ( 4 + 23 )))= 12.76863515

17.3 *√ (( 5 * 22 )/( 6.255 * ( 5 + 22 )))= 13.96197663

17.3 *√ (( 6 * 21 )/( 6.255 * ( 6 + 21 )))= 14.94293257

17.3 *√ (( 7 * 20 )/( 6.255 * ( 7 + 20 )))= 15.75123394

17.3 *√ (( 8 * 19 )/( 6.255 * ( 8 + 19 )))= 16.41241002

17.3 *√ (( 9 * 18 )/( 6.255 * ( 9 + 18 )))= 16.9436929

17.3 *√ (( 10 * 17 )/( 6.255 * ( 10 + 17 )))= 17.35701444

17.3 *√ (( 11 * 16 )/( 6.255 * ( 11 + 16 )))= 17.66065871

17.3 *√ (( 12 * 15 )/( 6.255 * ( 12 + 15 )))= 17.86022051

17.3 *√ (( 13 * 14 )/( 6.255 * ( 13 + 14 )))= 17.95916986

17.3 *√ (( 14 * 13 )/( 6.255 * ( 14 + 13 )))= 17.95916986

17.3 *√ (( 15 * 12 )/( 6.255 * ( 15 + 12 )))= 17.86022051

17.3 *√ (( 16 * 11 )/( 6.255 * ( 16 + 11 )))= 17.66065871

17.3 *√ (( 17 * 10 )/( 6.255 * ( 17 + 10 )))= 17.35701444

17.3 *√ (( 18 * 9 )/( 6.255 * ( 18 + 9 )))= 16.9436929

17.3 *√ (( 19 * 8 )/( 6.255 * ( 19 + 8 )))= 16.41241002

17.3 *√ (( 20 * 7 )/( 6.255 * ( 20 + 7 )))= 15.75123394

17.3 *√ (( 21 * 6 )/( 6.255 * ( 21 + 6 )))= 14.94293257

17.3 *√ (( 22 * 5 )/( 6.255 * ( 22 + 5 )))= 13.96197663

17.3 *√ (( 23 * 4 )/( 6.255 * ( 23 + 4 )))= 12.76863515

17.3 *√ (( 24 * 3 )/( 6.255 * ( 24 + 3 )))= 11.29579527

17.3 *√ (( 25 * 2 )/( 6.255 * ( 25 + 2 )))= 9.413162721

17.3 *√ (( 26 * 1 )/( 6.255 * ( 26 + 1 )))= 6.787928171

17.3 *√ (( 27 * 0 )/( 6.255 * ( 27 + 0 )))= 0



28 | P a g e


Operating Frequency:

Fa= 5.925 Ghz

Fb= 6.425 Ghz

Fc= (Fa+Fb)/2

Fc= (5.925+6.425)/2Fc= 6.175 Ghz

No of Channels= (6.175-5.925)/.040 No of Channels=6

Channel 1= 6.175-(.040*(6)) Channel 1’=6.175+(.04*1)

Channel 1=5.935 Ghz Channel 1’=6.215 Ghz

Channel 2=6.175-(.040*(5)) Channel 2’=6.175+(.04*2) Channel 2=5.975 Ghz Channel 2’=6.255 Ghz

Channel 3=6.175-(.040*(4)) Channel 3’=6.175+(.04*3)

Channel 3=6.015 Ghz Channel 3’=6.295 Ghz

Channel 4=6.175-(.040*(3)) Channel 4’=6.175+(.04*4)

Channel4=6.055 Ghz Channel 4’=6.335 Ghz

Channel 5=6.175-(.040*(2)) Channel 5’=6.175+(.04*5) Channel 5=6.095 Ghz Channel 5’=6.375 Ghz

Channel 6=6.175-(.040*(1)) Channel 6’=6.175+(.04*6)Channel 6=6.135 Ghz Channel 6’=6.415 Ghz



29 | P a g e


Site A to R:

Specifications Used:

Output Power= 33dBmThreshold/Sensitivity= -85dBm

Waveguide Attenuation=3.935/100mCirculator Loss=0.18dB/site

Connector Loss=.01dB/site

Radome loss=0.5dB/antennaRayleigh Fade Margin=38dB or 99.99% reliability

Frequency=5.935 Ghz

Antenna Height:H(A)=5.2(7.5)-16.1

H(A)=22.9 meters

H(R)=14.9(7.5)-40.5H(R)=71.25 meters

Waveguide Loss:WL=(3.935 dB/100m)(22.9+71.25+6.1+6.1)

WL=4.1848725 dB

Free Space Loss:FSL= 92.4 + 20log (Distance) + 20log (Frequency)

FSL= 92.4 + 20log (30) + 20log (5.935)FSL=137.4108396 dB

Circulator Loss:

CiL=0.18 For A + 0.18For RCiL=0.36 dB

Connector Loss:

CoL=0.01 For A + 0.01 For RCoL=0.02 dB

Radome Loss:RL=(0.5) For A + (0.5) For RRL=1 dB

Total Loss:TL=FSL + WL + CiL + CoL + RL

TL=137.4108396+4.1848725+0.36+.02+1

TL=142.9757121 dB



30 | P a g e

RSL:

RSL= Sensitivity + FMRSL= -85 + 38

RSL= -47 dBm

Gt and Gr:RSL=Output Power + Gt + Gr – Total Loss

(since Gt and Gr are equal we change it to 2G)

-47 = 33 + 2G – 142.9757121Gt=Gr=31.48785605 dB

Diameter of Antenna:

G=7.5 + 20log(Frequency) + 20log(Diameter)32.16664355=7.5 +20log(5.935) +20log(Diameter)

Diameter= 2.666687218 ft

The closest available diameter is 4ft

Greal:

G=7.5 + 20log(Frequency) + 20log(Diameter)

G=7.5 +20log(5.935) +20log(4)G=35.00961429 dB

RSLreal:RSL=Output Power + Gt + Gr – Total Loss


RSL=33 + 2(35.00961429) – 142.9757121

RSLreal= -39.95648352 dBm

Fade Margin:

RSLreal=Sensitivity+FMFM= -39.95648352 + 85

FM= -45.04351648 dB

Unavailability for a=1 b=1/4:

U= ab(10-5)((f/4)1.5)(Distance3)(10-FM/10)

U= (1)(1/4)( 10-5)((5.935/4)1.5)(303)(10-45.04351648/10)

U=0.000003819

Reliability:

R=(1-U)*100

R=(1-0.000030555)*100R=99.99961806%



31 | P a g e


Site R to A:






Frequency=6.215 Ghz

Antenna Height:H(A)=5.2(7.5)-16.1

H(A)= 22.9 meters

H(R)=14.9(7.5)-40.5H(R)= 71.25 meters

Waveguide Loss:WL=(3.935 dB/100m)(22.9+71.25+6.1+6.1)

WL=4.1848725 dB


FSL= 92.4 + 20log (30) + 20log (6.215)FSL=137.8112478 dB

Circulator Loss:


Connector Loss:




TL=137.8112478+4.1848725 +0.36+.02+1

TL=143.3761203 dB



32 | P a g e

RSL:


RSL= -47 dBm



-47 = 33 + 2G – 143.3761203Gt=Gr=31.68806015 dB


G=7.5 + 20log(Frequency) + 20log(Diameter)31.68806015 =7.5 +20log(6.215) +20log(Diameter)



Greal:


G=7.5 +20log(6.215) +20log(4)G=35.41002249 dB



RSL=33 + 2(35.41002249) – 143.3761203


Fade Margin:


FM= -45.44392468 dB


U= ab(10-5)((f/4)1.5)(Distance3)(10-FM/10)

U= (1)(1/4)( 10-5)((6.215/4)1.5)(303)(10-45.44392468/10)

U=0.000003732

Reliability:

R=(1-U)*100

R=(1-0.000029858)*100R=99.99962676%



33 | P a g e


Site R to B:






Frequency=5.975 Ghz

Antenna Height:H(R)=11(7.5)-40.5

H(R)=42 meters

H(B)=14.8(7.5)-80H(B)=31 meters

Waveguide Loss:WL=(3.935 dB/100m)(42+31+6.1+6.1)

WL=3.35262 dB


FSL= 92.4 + 20log (27) + 20log (5.975)FSL=136.5540335 dB

Circulator Loss:


Connector Loss:




TL=136.5540335 +3.35262 +0.36+.02+1

TL=141.2866535 dB



34 | P a g e

RSL:

RSL= Sensitivity + FM

RSL= -85 + 38RSL= -47 dBm

Gt and Gr:RSL=Output Power + Gt + Gr – Total Loss(since Gt and Gr are equal we change it to 2G)

-47 = 33 + 2G – 141.2866535

Gt=Gr=30.64332675 dB



30.64332675 =7.5 +20log(5.975) +20log(Diameter)Diameter= 2.403413121 ft


Greal:


G=7.5 +20log(5.975) +20log(4)

G=35.06795802 dB

RSLreal:

RSL=Output Power + Gt + Gr – Total Loss(since Gt and Gr are equal we change it to 2G)

RSL=33 + 2(35.06795802) – 141.2866535


Fade Margin:

RSLreal=Sensitivity+FM

FM= -38.15073746 + 85FM= -46.84926254 dB

Unavailability for a=1 b=1/4:U= ab(10-5)((f/4)1.5)(Distance3)(10-FM/10)

U= (1)(1/4)( 10-5)((5.975/4)1.5)(273)(10-46.84926254/10)

U=0.000001855

Reliability:

R=(1-U)*100

R=(1-0.000014697)*100

R=99.99981442%



35 | P a g e


Site B to R:






Frequency=6.255 Ghz

Antenna Height:H(R)=11(7.5)-40.5

H(R)=42 meters

H(B)=14.8(7.5)-80H(B)=31 meters

Waveguide Loss:WL=(3.935 dB/100m)(42+31+6.1+6.1)

WL=3.35262 dB


FSL= 92.4 + 20log (27) + 20log (6.255)FSL=136.9518216 dB

Circulator Loss:


Connector Loss:




TL=136.9518216 +3.35262 +0.36+.02+1

TL=141.6844416 dB



36 | P a g e

RSL:


RSL= -47 dBm



-47 = 33 + 2G – 141.6844416Gt=Gr=30.8422208 dB


G=7.5 + 20log(Frequency) + 20log(Diameter)30.8422208 =7.5 +20log(6.255) +20log(Diameter)



Greal:


G=7.5 +20log(6.255) +20log(4)G=35.46574611 dB



RSL=33 + 2(35.46574611) – 141.6844416


Fade Margin:


FM= -47.24705061 dB


U= ab(10-5)((f/4)1.5)(Distance3)(10-FM/10)

U= (1)(1/4)( 10-5)(6.2551.5)(273)(10-47.24705061/10)

U=0.000001813

Reliability:

R=(1-U)*100

R=(1-0.000014697)*100R=99.99981863%



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Specification Sheets

Antenna



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Elliptical Waveguide

EWP52-56W

Construction Materials

Jacket Material PE

Conductor Material Corrugated copper

Jacket Color Black

Dimensions

Cable Volume 1045.0 L/km | 11.3 ft³/kft

Cable Weight 0.88 kg/m | 0.59 lb/ft

Diameter Over Jacket (E Plane) 57.20 mm | 2.25 in

Diameter Over Jacket (H Plane) 33.30 mm | 1.31 in

Electrical Specifications

Operating Frequency Band 5.6 – 6.425 GHz

eTE11 Mode Cutoff 3.650 GHz

Group Delay126 ns/100 ft @ 6.200 GHz

413 ns/100 m @ 6.200 GHz

Environmental Specifications

Installation Temperature -40 °C to +60 °C (-40 °F to +140 °F)

Operating Temperature -55 °C to +85 °C (-67 °F to +185 °F)

http://awapps.commscope.com/catalog/andrew/showImage.aspx?id=439&productID=1422&categoryID=69&imgTableID=6



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Storage Temperature -70 °C to +85 °C (-94 °F to +185 °F)

General Specifications

Brand HELIAX®

Mechanical Specifications

Maximum Twist 3.00 °/m | 1.00 °/ft

Minimum Bend Radius, Multiple Bends (E Plane) 305.00 mm | 12.00 in

Minimum Bend Radius, Multiple Bends (H Plane) 810.00 mm | 32.00 in

Minimum Bend Radius, Single Bend (E Plane) 200.00 mm | 8.00 in

Minimum Bend Radius, Single Bend (H Plane) 560.00 mm | 22.00 in

Note

Performance Note Values typical, unless otherwise stated

Standard Conditions

Attenuation, Ambient Temperature 24 °C | 75 °F

Average Power, Ambient Temperature 40 °C | 104 °F

Average Power, Temperature Rise 42 °C | 76 °F

Return Loss/VSWR

Frequency Band VSWR Return Loss (dB)

5.6 –

6.425 GHz 1.06 30.70

* VSWR/Return Loss indicated is for lengths up to 300 ft (91.4 m)

* VSWR/Return Loss is guaranteed for factory-fit and typical for field-fit assemblies

* Custom length performance: Call +1-800-255-1479 (N. America), 1-779-435-6500 (Int’l.), or your

local Andrew representative



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Attenuation

Frequency (GHz) Attenuation (dB/100 ft) Attenuation (dB/100 m) Av

6 1.199 3.935 5.9

Regulatory Compliance/Certifications

Agency Classification

RoHS 2002/95/EC Compliant

China RoHS SJ/T 11364-

2006Below Maximum Concentration Value (MCV)

ISO 9001:2008 Designed, manufactured and/or distributed under this quality managementsystem

Waveguide Connector

Fixed-tuned CPR137G for elliptical waveguide 52

General Specifications

Body Style Straight, fixed-tuned

Interface CPR137G



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Waveguide Size WR137 | WG14 | R70

Brand HELIAX®

Material Type Brass

Electrical Specifications

Operating Frequency Band 5.0 – 6.425 GHz

Insertion Loss, typical 0.01 dB

Peak Power, maximum 92.00 kW @ 6.00 GHz

Mechanical Specifications

Attachment Method Tab-flare | Tool-flare

Inner Contact Plating Unplated

Outer Contact Plating Unplated

Pressurizable Yes

Dimensions

Length 114.55 mm | 4.51 in

Transition Length 75.69 mm | 2.98 in

Weight 1.80 kg | 3.97 lb

Width 88.90 mm | 3.50 in

Environmental Specifications

Operating Temperature -55 °C to +85 °C (-67 °F to +185 °F)

Storage Temperature -55 °C to +85 °C (-67 °F to +185 °F)

http://awapps.commscope.com/catalog/andrew/product_details.aspx?id=9892



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Regulatory Compliance/Certifications

Agency Classification

RoHS 2002/95/EC Compliant by Exemption

China RoHS SJ/T 11364-2006 Above Maximum Concentration Value (MCV)

ISO 9001:2008 Designed, manufactured and/or distributed under this quality manag



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Waveguide Circulator

http://www.alibaba.com/product-gs/522089580/Waveguide_circulator/showimage.html



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Tower



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Transmitter/Receiver



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Conclusion

In the design, Using the following components in order to create a microwave antenna to

transmit and receive between the following places: Moncada, Tarlac to Tarlac City, Tarlac and

vice versa, Tarlac City,Tarlac to Mabalacat, Pampanga and vice versa. The reason for the following

destinations chosen primarily is the ease of transportation, meaning the site can be reached without

difficulty due to roads near it. The proponents used an antenna with a 4 feet diameter since the

calculated antenna diameter is larger than the commercially available 2 feet. The proponents also

used a EWP52-56W waveguide which is elliptical. The design is purely theoretical since there is

much more study needed in order to properly design the antenna in the area chosen by the

proponents.

Recommendation(s):

After undergoing all the necessary steps in designing a double-hop microwave transmission

system, the company had the following recommendations:

The company recommends that practical improvement should be imposed on the system

so it can move along with the flow of current technology.

The area involved in the proposed project should be surveyed first before putting up any

line of sight communication link.

Path profiling must be at least the 60% of the first Fresnel zone radius and must not hit the highest

point of ground elevation throughout the path.

Since the sites are exposed and prone to high wind velocities, the company would like to

recommend further wind loading measures to ensure the safety stability of the antenna

towers and the security of the personnel within the perimeter.

To ensure the reliability of the system will be met, the company also recommends monthly

maintenance and equipment check up.

Other security measures such as grounding, lightning protection and the likes must be

properly observed to achieve the full functionality of the system.

To impose security for the system as a whole, the company recommends safety measures



such as installing hidden security cameras and placing metal fences around the perimeter

of the chosen sites.

Since the company will utilize a tower that is greater than needed, the client can lease the

tower and generate an additional amount of income. Thus, the payment for the said leasing

will be depending on the agreement of the client and the person who’s leasing the tower.

Microwave Design PDF

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