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Microstructure Materials Selection

Jun 04, 2018

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    Development of Microstructure

    an mpor ance o cros ruc ure

    in Materials Selection

    Dept. of Metall. & Mater. Engg.

    [email protected]

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    Use of Materials over ages

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    Some Design Criteria in the

    e ec on o a er a s

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    Materials-Processing Pyramid

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    Precipitation Hardening in the First Aerospace

    Alluminum Alloy: The Wright Flyer Crankcase An aluminum copperalloy (with a Cu composition of 8wt%) was used in the engine that powered the historicfirst fl i ht of the Wri ht brothers in 1903.

    In 1906, Wilm, accidentally discovered age hardening. 1938: Guinier and Preston (x-ray); 1950-60 TEM

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    High Temperature Applications: Turbine Blades

    Grain vs. Grain Boundary

    .

    Precipitation vs. Dispersion Hardening

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    Strengthening by

    ra n e nement

    As Cast

    Structure

    As Cast

    Fine GrainStructure

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    Grain Boundary Strengthening

    20010-1 10-2 5x10-3

    grain size, d (mm)

    slip planein

    B Pa)

    150

    gr

    ain

    grain Ag

    yi

    eld(

    50

    100

    1

    y

    oundar

    -0.5

    04 8 12 160

    yield = o + kyd1/2

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    Effect of Grain refinement on the

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    Combined Grain Refinement &

    -

    Modification

    200X

    8000X

    Modification

    (1M13+ 0.02Sr) (5min) 200X

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    Load Bearing Capacity of Al-7Si alloy

    400

    450No GR/MOD

    GR

    300

    350

    (m/mm

    3) MOD

    GR+MOD

    150

    200

    sistance

    50

    100

    WearR

    50N 60N 70N 100N 120N 150N 200NNormal Load

    ng e oc y ms-

    Distance 1.8 Km

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    Fe-Fe3C Phase Diagram

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    Microstructure evolution in Eutectoid steel

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    Microstructure evolution in Hypoeutectoid steel

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    Microstructure evolution in Hypereutectoid steel

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    Effect of C on microstructure of steels

    0% C

    0.2% C

    0.4% C

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    0.8% C

    0.6% C

    1.2% C

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    Pearlite

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    Bainite

    Upper Bainite Lower Bainite

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    Martensite

    Lath Martensite Plate Martensite

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    Spheroidite

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    Effect of C on Mech. Properties

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    Effect of Microstrcture on

    .

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    Effect of Microstructure on

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    Effect of Microstructure on

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    Al-Cu Microstructures

    GP zones

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    Design of Microstructure in Ti alloys

    / microstructure

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    High Strength Al based Nanocomposites

    Al-Al Ti Nanocomposite94 4 2

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    Al-Al3Fe In-situ Nanocomposites by MA

    10

    12Ageing time, 2hrs

    Al100-X

    FeX- 20h MA

    green compact

    6

    8

    rdness,

    GP

    573K

    673K

    0

    2

    4H

    100nm

    0 5 10 15 20

    Composition (at % Fe)

    4000

    5000

    as compacted

    473K

    Ageing time, 2hrs

    Al100-X

    FeX- 20h MA

    ,MPa

    HardnessHardness

    2000

    3000

    673K

    YieldStrength

    0 5 10 15 20

    0

    Composit ion (at % Fe)

    Yield StrengthYield Strength

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    High Strength Conducting Cu Based Nanocomposites

    Cu Nanocomposite

    Cu-W2edwithOFH

    1

    rationo

    rmali

    5 10 15 20 25 300

    HR

    wt.% Tungsten

    900

    1200

    gth(MPa)

    Nanocomposite

    HP

    Microcomposite

    300

    600

    30nm

    60nm

    117nm

    pressivestre

    Cu-20%Ta at

    500oC

    5 20 30

    0

    Co

    Wt. % Tungsten

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    Microstructure Development

    Polishing Emery Paper polishing

    Cloth Polishing

    Electropolishing

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    Polishing

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    Principle of Etching

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    Effect of Grain

    r en a on

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    Functioning of an Optical Microscope

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    =

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    Effect of wavelength

    680nm 550nm 470nm

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    Effect of Numerical Aperture

    1.25 0.65

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    Bright Field Image

    Dark Field Image

    S i El t Mi t IIT M d

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    Scanning Electron Microscope at IIT Madras

    Transmission Electron Microscope at IIT Madras

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    Transmission Electron Microscope at IIT Madras

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    High resolution micrograph from an icosahedral

    quasicrystal showing five fold symmetry (Courtesy K. I. Hiraga)

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    Crystal vs.

    Amorphous

    Aberration corrected TEM

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    Aberration corrected TEM

    Atom Probe Tomography: LEAP

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    Atom Probe Tomography: LEAP

    AlCrCuNiZnCo compacted at

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    p

    600C & 650MPa

    1 Million atoms

    AlCrCuNiZnFe compacteda a

    20 Million atoms

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