Microprocessors And Microcontrollers By: Dr. Attiya Baqai Semester : 4 th , 5 th (TL, ES) Assistant Professor, Course Code : ES256 , ES313 Department of Electronics, MUET.
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Microprocessors And Microcontrollers
By: Dr. Attiya Baqai
Semester : 4th , 5th (TL, ES) Assistant Professor,
Course Code : ES256 , ES313 Department of
Electronics, MUET.
I am Attiya Baqai I am here because I love to teach this subject. You can find me at [email protected] Office: Research Lab-1 IIT Building, MUET
Hello!
Learning Pattern
◉Learning concepts
◉Practicing them through examples
◉Your thought /any application
◉Best idea/ Best logic of the day
◉Mid term project idea finalization + sessional test
◉Final project submission + final sessional test
Course Outline
INTRODUCTION
Basic concepts
MICROPROCESSORS
CPU
Microprocessor
Computer organization Simplified architecture of Intel family processor . Programming techniques. Memories Interfacing
MICROCONTROLLER
Microcontroller Architecture & Applications
Microcontroller families
o Serial Communication
o SPI
o I2C or TWI
o ADC
o Interrupts
o Interfacing Techniques
o System Design
Reference Books
Microprocessor Fundamentals by Roger L. Tokheim- Schaum’s Outlines
The AVR microcontroller and embedded systems using Assembly and C by Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Sarmad
Naimi, and Sepher Naimi
Introduction to Subject Let’s start with the prerequisite & course contents
1
Subject’s Pre requisite
◉ Boolean Logic ◉ Number System ( Base 2,8,10,16) ◉ Digital Logic Gates ◉ Bits, Bytes and their multiple ◉ Semiconductor Memories ◉ CPU components, buses ◉ CPU architectures
◉ George Bool (19th Century mathematician)
◉TRUE or FALSE
◉ Basis of o Number System
o Codes
o Truth Tables
o Logic Gates, expressions and circuits
o Computers
Boolean Logic [ 1 | 0 ]
◉ Base 2 (binary) – 1000000b =
◉ Base 16 ( Hexa Decimal)- 4510=
◉ Codes ( BCD, ASCII, EBCDIC, Gray, Excess-3 Code)
BCD (Binary Coded Decimal)
o 4 bit code
o Used for I/O in digital systems
o 3710=
o Invalid codes in BCD =
Number System [ 1 | 0 ]
?10
? hex
?2
?
ASCII (American Standard Information Interchange)
o 7 or 8 bit Alphanumeric code
o 7 bit code range = 8 bit code range =
o Used for control and graphics characters
o 8 bit ASCII is called Extended ASCII
EBCIDIC (Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code)
o 8 bit alphanumeric code
o Used in IBM mainframe computers
Codes (cont…)
?hex ? hex
Gray code
o Difference of single bit
o Used in shaft encoders
Excess-3 code
o 4 bit code obtained by adding 0011 to natural BCD.
o Used in digital systems for performing subtraction.
Codes (cont…)
◉ Find Expression for Y
Logic Gates
Storage Capacity b,B,KB,MB,GB….
Semi conductor Memories
ROM(Read only Memory)
o Contents are not lost after power off
o Non Volatile
PROM (Programmable ROM)
o One Time Programmable (OTP)
o For every bit there is a fuse to blow
o If burnt wrong then whole PROM is to be discarded
o ROM burner/ programmer needed
Semi conductor Memories
EPROM (Erasable Programmable ROM)
o Thousands of time erasable
o UV-PROM, EE PROM
UV PROM (Ultra Violet)
o Need 20 mins UV light to erase
o 12.5V ROM burner voltage- Vpp
o Separate programmer & eraser
Semi conductor Memories
EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM)
o EE so instant, instead of 20 min
o One byte can be selected to erase
o Cost per bit is higher than UV
Flash PROM
o Erases all contents in a second
o Electrical method
o No byte erasure but some can have block erasure option
o In board so used in BIOS ROM
Semi conductor Memories
Mask ROM
o Programmed by manufacturers (IC fabrication)
o Costly
o Produced in batch
RAM
SRAM (Static RAM)
o Flip flops
o No refreshing
o 6 transistors for each cell
o Volatile
Semi conductor Memories NV-RAM (Non Volatile RAM)
o Low power Consumption, CMOS
o Lithium internal battery
o Expensive
o 10 years
DRAM(Dynamic RAM)
o capacitor
o Constant refreshing required (while refreshing no data access)
o Smaller net memory size
o Low cost per bit
o Low power consumption per bit
Logic gate as Decoder
Using 74LS138 as Decoder
Any questions ?
Thanks!
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