MICROPROCESSOR

INTRODUCTIONIT IS A DEVICE THAT HELPS TO PROCESS

INPUT DATA AND INSTRUCTION

CACHE MEMORY L1 and L2 cache Cache Hit Cache Miss

SPEED OF MICROPROCESSOR P1 66 – 233 MHZ P2 233 – 450 MHZ P3 450 – 1200 MHZ P4 1.3 – 3.8 GHZ

TYPES

MULTITASKING Preemptive Multitasking Cooperative Multitasking

• MULTIPROCESSING

INTERFACE FSB : front-side bus (FSB) is the bus

that carries data between the CPU and the northbridge.

BSB : back-side bus (FSB) is the bus that carries data between the CPU and the L2 Cache.

PACKAGING PIN GRID ARRAY

PACKAGINGSTAGGERED PIN GRID ARRAY

PACKAGINGSINGLE EDGE CONTACT CARTRIDGE

PACKAGINGLAND GRID ARRAY

CISC & RISC COMPLEX INSTRUCTION SET

COMPUTING required instructions are available in

the microprocessor itself and it does not have to retrieve from RAM

REDUCED INSTRUCTION SET COMPUTINGlimited instructions built into it. It saves the space of microprocessor. Used for performing scientific calculations.

INTEL Pentium PROCESSORPentium is a registered trademark that is included in the

brand names of many of Intel's x86-compatible microprocessors, both single- and multi-core.[1] The name Pentium was derived from the Greek pente (πέντε), meaning 'five', and the Latin ending -ium, a name selected after courts had disallowed trademarking of number-based names like "i586" or "80586" (model numbers cannot always be trademarked[2]). Following Intel's previous series of 8086, 80186, 80286, 80386, and 80486 microprocessors, Intel's fifth-generation microarchitecture, the P5, was first released under the Pentium brand on March 22, 1993. In 1995, Intel started to employ the registered Pentium trademark also for x86 microprocessors with radically different microarchitectures (e.g., Pentium Pro, II, III, 4, D, M, etc.)

P1 ProcessorFrequency L1 CACHE FSB SOCKET Release

date

60–66 MHz 16 KiB 60–66 MHz Socket 4 March 1993

75–120 MHz 16 KiB 50–66 MHz Socket 5 October

1994133–200 MHz 16 KiB 60–66 MHz Socket 7 June 1995

120–233 MHz 32 KiB 60–66 MHz Socket 7 March 1995

166–300 MHz 32 KiB 66 MHz Socket 7 August

1997

P2 processorFrequency L2 CACHE FSB SOCKET Release

date

233–300 MHz 512 KiB 66 MHz Slot 1 May 1997

266–450 MHz 512 KiB 66–

100 MHz Slot 1 January 1998

233–300 MHz 512 KiB 66 MHz MMC-2 April 1998

P3 processorFrequency L2 CACHE FSB SOCKET Release

date

450–600 MHz 512 KiB 100–

133 MHz Slot 1 February 1999

400–1130 MHz 256 KiB 100–

133 MHz

Slot 1, Socket 370, BGA2, µPGA2

October 1999

700–1400 MHz 512 KiB 100–

133 MHzSocket 370, BGA2, µPGA2

P4 processorFrequency L2 CACHE FSB SOCKET Release

date

1.3–2.0 GHz 256 KiB 400 MT/s Socket 423, Socket 478

November 2000

1.6–3.4 GHz 512 KiB 400–800 MT/s Socket 478 January

20023.2–3.46 GHz

512 KiB + 2 MiB L3

800–1066 MT/s

Socket 478, LGA 775

November 2003

2.4–3.8 GHz 1 MiB 533–800 MT/s

Socket 478, LGA 775

February 2004

2.8–3.8 GHz 2 MiB 800–1066 MT/s LGA 775 February

2005

3.0–3.6 GHz 2 MiB 800 MT/s LGA 775 January 2006

SOCKET 370

Processors

Intel Celeron Mendocino (PPGA, 300–533 MHz, 2.0 V)Intel Celeron Coppermine (FC-PGA, 533–1100 MHz, 1.5–1.75 V)Intel Celeron Tualatin (FC-PGA2, 900–1400 MHz, 1.475–1.5 V)Intel Pentium III Coppermine (FC-PGA, 500–1133 MHz, 1.6–1.75 V)Intel Pentium III Tualatin (FC-PGA2, 1000–1400 MHz, 1.45–1.5 V)

VIA Cyrix III/C3 (500–1200 MHz, 1.35–2.0 V)

SOCKET 462

Processors

AMD Athlon (650 MHz – 1400 MHz)AMD Athlon XP (1500+ – 3200+)AMD Duron (600 MHz – 1800 MHz)AMD Sempron (2000+ – 3300+)AMD Athlon MP (1000 MHz – 3000+)AMD Geode NX (667 MHz – 2200 MHz)

SOCKET 478

Processors

Intel Pentium 4 (1.4 - 3.4 GHz)Intel Celeron (1.7 - 2.8 GHz)Celeron D (2.13 - 3.2 GHz)Intel Pentium 4 Extreme Edition (3.2, 3.4 GHz)

SOCKET 754

Processors

AMD Athlon 64 (2800+ - 3700+)AMD Sempron (2500+ - 3400+)AMD Turion 64 (ML and MT)AMD Mobile Athlon 64 (2800+ - 4000+)

SOCKET 775

Processors

Intel Pentium 4 (2.60 - 3.80 GHz)Intel Celeron D (2.53 - 3.60 GHz )Intel Pentium 4 Extreme Edition (3.20 - 3.73 GHz)Intel Pentium D (2.66 - 3.60 GHz)Pentium Extreme Edition (3.20 - 3.73 GHz)Pentium Dual-Core (1.40 - 3.33 GHz)Intel Core 2 Duo (1.60 - 3.33 GHz)Intel Core 2 Extreme (2.66 - 3.20 GHz)Intel Core 2 Quad (2.33 - 3.00 GHz)Intel Xeon (1.86-3.40 GHz)Intel Celeron (1.60 - 2.40 GHz)

SOCKET 939

Processors

AMD Athlon 64 (3000+ - 4000+)AMD Athlon 64 FX (51 - 60)AMD Athlon 64 X2 (3600+ - 4800+)Some AMD Opteron 1xx seriesSome Sempron 3x00+ (Step E3, E6)

SOCKET 940

Processors

AMD Athlon 64 FX

AMD Opteron

SLOT 1

Processors

Pentium II: 233–450 MHzCeleron: 266–433 MHzPentium III: 450–1.133 GHz

SLOT 2

Processors

•Intel Pentium II Xeon (400-450 MHz)

•Intel Pentium III Xeon

SLOT A

Processors AMD Athlon (500-1000 MHz)

INSTALLING 1. Zero Insertion Force

2. Low Insertion Force

OVERCLOCKING

Overclocking is the process of running a computer component at a higher clock rate (more clock cycles per second) than it was designed for or was specified by the manufacturer.

DUAL CORE vs. CORE 2 DUOThe Dual Core has two physical processors

and two different cache memories. The Core 2 Duo has two cores inside a single physical package which shares a single cache memory.

DUAL CORE have two Processors in Series both working at same time. while CORE 2 DUO have two Parallel Processors which sharing their load. if one processor heat up then it transfer load to next processor. means parallel processing.

FEATURES AND BENEFITS of i3:

Intel® HT Technology allows each core of your processor to work on two tasks at the same time.

Intel® Smart Cache is dynamically allocated to each processor core based on workload, which significantly reduces latency and improves performance.

FEATURES AND BENEFITS of i7:

Intel® Turbo Boost Technology 2.0 dynamically increases the processor frequency as needed by taking advantage of thermal and power headroom when operating below specified limits.

Intel® HT Technology allows each core of your processor to work on two tasks at the same time.

Intel® Smart Cache is dynamically allocated to each processor core based on workload, which significantly reduces latency and improves performance.