micropara report

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INTERACTIONS AMONGINTERACTIONS AMONG

PATHOGENS, HOSTS,PATHOGENS, HOSTS,

AND THE ENVIRONMENTAND THE ENVIRONMENT

Pathogen Host Environment

Virulence

Portal of entry

Number of 

organisms that

enter the body

Health statusNutritional

status

Other factors

pertaining to

susceptibility of the host

Physical factorsAvailability of 

reservoirs,

intermediate hosts,

and vectors

Sanitary and housingconditions; adequate

 waste disposal

Availability of potable

 water 

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CHAIN OF INFECTIONCHAIN OF INFECTION

There must be:

1. A pathogen

2.A source of the pathogen

 3. A portal of exit

4. A mode of transmission

5.A portal of entry

6. A susceptible host

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CHAIN OF INFECTIONCHAIN OF INFECTION

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RESERVOIRS OF INFECTIONRESERVOIRS OF INFECTION

(Living Reservoirs)(Living Reservoirs)y Human carriers

- passive carrier carry without havingdisease

- incubatory carrier transmit duringincubation period

- convalescent carrier transmit while recoveringfrom the disease

- active carrier carry after fully recovering

y Animals

- zoonotic diseases or

zoonoses

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y Arthropods

- vectors

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RESERVOIRS OF INFECTIONRESERVOIRS OF INFECTION

(Nonliving Reservoirs)(Nonliving Reservoirs)

y Air colds and inf luenza

y

Soil and dust tetanus and botulismy Food, milk  and water amebiasis, cholera

y Fomites scabies