MICRONUTRIENT DEFICIENCY DISORDERS. NUTRITIONAL DEFICINCY DISORDERS Objectives: Discuss common micronutrient deficiencies disorders.

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MICRONUTRIENT DEFICIENCY DISORDERS

NUTRITIONAL DEFICINCY DISORDERSObjectives:

Discuss common micronutrient deficiencies disorders

WATER-SOLUBLE VITAMINSWater-soluble vitamins include:

B complex vitamins (Thiamine, Riboflavin, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, Vitamin B-6, Vitamin B-12 & Folic Acid) Vitamin C.VITAMIN B1(THIAMINE)

VITAMIN B1(THIAMINE)Deficiency Symptoms:

Dry Beriberi:Weakness; peripheral neuropathy; loss of reflexes; ataxia; weight loss;

Wet Beriberi:oedema; dyspnea; heart failure;

RIBOFLAVIN(VITAMIN B 2)

RIBOFLAVIN(VITAMIN B 2)Deficiency Symptoms:

Ariboflavinosis; sore throat; angular stomatitis; glossitis (magenta tongue); seborrheic dermatitis; normochromic, normocytic anemia

NIACIN (VITAMIN B 3)

NIACIN (VITAMIN B 3)

Deficiency Symptoms:

Pellagra: Photosensitive dermatitis on light-exposed areas; Diarrhoea; stomatitis; neurological symptoms (depression, headache, fatigue, and loss of memory - dementia)

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VITAMIN B 6

Deficiency Symptoms:

Seborrheic dermatitis, microcytic anemia, epileptiform convulsionsVITAMIN B 6

VITAMIN B7(BIOTIN)

14VITAMIN B7(BIOTIN)Deficiency Symptoms:

Dermatitis, conjunctivitis, alopecia, and central nervous system abnormalities (depression, lethargy)

15VITAMIN B9(FOLIC ACID)

Deficiency Symptoms:

Macrocytic Aanemia (weakness, fatigue, difficulty concentrating, irritability, headache, palpitations, shortness of breath)

VITAMIN B 12

VITAMIN B 12Deficiency Symptoms:

Macrocytic Anemia;Neurologic manifestations (sensory disturbances in the extremities, abnormalities of gait); Cognitive changes (loss of concentration; memory loss); Visual disturbances, insomnia, impotency, and impaired bowel and bladder control.

VITAMIN C

VITAMIN C DEFICIENCY (SCURVEY)FAT-SOLUBLE VITAMINSFat-soluble vitamins are absorbed through the intestinal tract with the help of lipids (fats).

Fat-soluble Vitamins require bile acids to absorb fat-soluble vitamins.

Because they are more likely to accumulate in the body, they are more likely to lead to hypervitaminosis than are water-soluble vitamins.

Fat-soluble vitamins include vitamins A, D, E, K.

VITAMIN A

VITAMIN ADeficiency Symptoms:

Clinical: Night blindness; total blindnessSubclinical: May increase risk for respiratory and diarrheal infections; decrease growth rate; slow bone development; and decrease likelihood of survival from serious illness

XEROPTHALMIA (DRY EYE) VITAMIN D

VITAMIN D

VITAMIN K

VITAMIN KDeficiency Symptoms:

Increase in prothrombin time; in severe cases, hemorrhagic events

VITAMIN E

Deficiency Symptoms:

Nerve degeneration in hands and feet

MINERALSCLASSIFICATION OF MINERALSThere are two kinds of minerals:

Major or Macrominerals are minerals your body needs in larger amounts. They include calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chloride and sulfur.

Trace minerals are required in small amounts. These include iron, manganese, copper, iodine, zinc, cobalt, fluoride and selenium.

IRON METABOLISM

IRONIRON DEFICIENCY

Deficiency Symptoms:

Anemia, tiredness, weakness, dyspnea, , dysphagia, kolynochia , decreased work performance, impaired learning abilities, occasionally pica

MICROCYTIC HYPOCHROMIC ANEMIA

IODINEFunction:

Component of the thyroid hormones thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)IODINE DEFICIENCY DISORDERS(IDDs)

Deficiency Symptoms:

Mental retardation, hypothyroidism, goiter, cretinism, and varying degrees of other growth and developmental abnormalities

Population effects of severe iodine deficiency, termed Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDDs), include:

Hypothyroidism, Endemic goiter, Cretinism, Decreased fertility rate, Increased infant mortality, Mental retardation and varying degrees of other growth and developmental abnormalitiesIODINE DEFICIENCY DISORDERS40

ZINC

ZINC DEFICIENCYDeficiency Symptoms:

Growth retardation, hair loss, diarrhea, delayed sexual maturation and impotence, eye and skin lesions, loss of appetite, delayed wound healing

FLUORIDEDeficiency: Tooth cavities; tooth decay; loss of teeth.

Excess fluoride causes dental fluorosis

DENATL CARIESDENTAL FLOUROSISCALCIUM

CALCIUM DEFICIENCYDeficiency Symptoms:

Reduced bone mass and osteoporosis

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