Distribution and Microgrid Test Systems 09/30/2013 I. INTRODUCTION In this report, most distribution and microgrid test systems are summarized derived from the papers on the applications of distribution system or microgrid system. Note that different test systems may be used for different research purposes, such as distributed generation integration, demand response, or protection testing. II. THE IEEE RADIAL DISTRIBUTION TEST FEEDERS[1] Distribution System Analysis Subcommittee Report provides 4 test feeders for computer program result verification. The complete data and solutions for all of the test feeders can be downloaded from the Internet at http://ewh.ieee.org/soc/pes/dsacom/testfeeders/index.html . And since 2010, there are several other test feeders added into this website. The test feeders available are summarized into Table 1. IEEE Test Feeders IEEE Test Feeders Voltage Level Features and Primary Usage 4 Node Test Case 12.47KV – 4.16KV/24.9KV Test all possible three-phase transformer connections. 13 Node Test Case 4.16KV Even though this test feeder is very small and unbalanced, it can test most common features of distribution analysis software. 34 Node Test Case 24.9KV Actual feeder in Arizona. Test for convergence problem 37 Node Test Case 4.8KV Actual feeder in California. Three- wire delta system? 123 Node Test Case 4.16KV Suitable for Voltage/Var compensation research and load allocation research, as well as configuration since there are many switches in the feeder. 8500 Node Test Case MV and LV levels This is a test feeder to test if the algorithm can solve large scale test case. Neutral-to- Earth Voltage Test Case 13.2KV Test the capability of a program to represent very detailed models of a distribution system. Comprehensive Distribution Test Feeder 24.9KV Test the capability of a program to represent a wide variety of components
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Distribution and Microgrid Test Systems09/30/2013
I. INTRODUCTION
In this report, most distribution and microgrid test systems are summarized derived from the papers on the applications of distribution system or microgrid system. Note that different test systems may be used for different research purposes, such as distributed generation integration, demand response, or protection testing.
II. THE IEEE RADIAL DISTRIBUTION TEST FEEDERS[1]
Distribution System Analysis Subcommittee Report provides 4 test feeders for computer program result verification. The complete data and solutions for all of the test feeders can be downloaded from the Internet at http://ewh.ieee.org/soc/pes/dsacom/testfeeders/index.html. And since 2010, there are several other test feeders added into this website. The test feeders available are summarized into
Table 1. IEEE Test Feeders
IEEE Test Feeders Voltage Level Features and Primary Usage
4 Node Test Case12.47KV –
4.16KV/24.9KVTest all possible three-phase transformer connections.
13 Node Test Case 4.16KVEven though this test feeder is very small and unbalanced, it can test most common features of distribution analysis software.
34 Node Test Case 24.9KV Actual feeder in Arizona. Test for convergence problem37 Node Test Case 4.8KV Actual feeder in California. Three-wire delta system?
123 Node Test Case 4.16KVSuitable for Voltage/Var compensation research and load allocation research, as well as configuration since there are many switches in the feeder.
8500 Node Test Case MV and LV levelsThis is a test feeder to test if the algorithm can solve large scale test case.
Neutral-to-Earth Voltage Test Case
13.2KVTest the capability of a program to represent very detailed models of a distribution system.
Comprehensive Distribution Test
Feeder24.9KV
Test the capability of a program to represent a wide variety of components
These test feeders are derived either from real power distribution system or designed for various testing purposes. The detailed test case data and power flow data are available on the website for comparison. However, with the increasing research on distributed generation, demand response and other applications and control systems on distribution level, new test feeders are needed for research purposes. Because of the fact that few distribution test feeders have been used for common test bed, it’s necessary to summarize the test beds that used in existing papers.
III. DISTRIBUTION/MICROGRID TESTBEDS WITH DG
Fortunately, many research institutes and universities have developed their own physical microgrid, for research purpose. The magazine IEEE Power & Energy July 2013 (Volume 11, Number 4) generally introduced the research and development vision of microgrid. Many websites claim that currently there are more than 400 microgrids are under development (219 in North America), according to a new report from Navigant Research.
A. CERTS Microgrid Test Bed1
The objective of the CERTS (Consortium for Electric Reliability Technology Solutions) Microgrid Test Bed was to enhance the ease of integrating small energy sources into a microgrid.
This microgrid is a low voltage level gird, some lab experience results can be found at [2].Many projects have been conducted on this test bed. The reports are available online.
B. CIGRE Distribution System
Dr. Kai Strunz developed a benchmark test system derived from German MV distribution grid, which is shown in Figure 10. The detail network data can be found at [3-5].
For each node, there is an integrated solar panel connected. Some other types of distributed generation such as wind turbine, battery, fuel cell and combined heat and power (CHP) are also connected. Simulation results can be found in the references.
Other Microgrid Test Beds
A microgrid test bed (380V) in Taiwan was developed [6], but no data available. The switch behavior between islanding model and grid-tie model was simulated.
Sandia National Laboratories also developed a tiny microgrid [7], to design and implement adaptive, secure, scalable, microgrids with high penetration levels of stochastic renewables. The picture and diagram is shown in [7].
Including CERTS test bed, reference [8] provides a detailed introduction to the 17 existing microgrid test systems all over the world. As seen in Table 2.
Reference [9] also generalized the microgrid systems in Europe, as shown in Table 3. Besides this, this reference also provides the typical microgrid infrastructures based on the types of DG used.
Reference [10] gives a detailed overview of 5 selected microgrid systems.
Table 2. Summary of microgrid test systems [8]
Table 3. Microgrid test systems in Europe [9]
Table 4. Detailed overview of microgrid test systems [10]
Table 5. Voltage levels of microgrids
Name VoltageCERTS 13.2KV/480VBoston Bar 69KV/25KVUWMadison 4.16KV/480VBronsbergen 10KV/400VAm Steinweg 20KV/400VCESI RICERCA DER 20KV/400VKythnos Island 400VUManchester 400VAichi 6.6KVCRIEPI 6.6KVHong Kong 230V
IV. SINGLE LINE DIAGRAMS OF TEST FEEDERS
Figure 1. The IEEE 13 Node Test Feeder
Figure 2. The IEEE 34 Node Test Feeder
Figure 3. The IEEE 37 Node Test Feeder
Figure 4. The IEEE 123 Node Test Feeder
Figure 5. The IEEE 4 Node Test Feeder
Figure 6. The IEEE 8500 Node Test Feeder
Figure 7. Neutral-to-Earth Voltage (NEV) Test Case
Figure 8. Comprehensive IEEE Test Feeder
Figure 9. Single Line Diagram for CERTS Microgrid Test Bed
Figure 10. Test network derived from German MV distribution [4]
Figure 11. Secure Scalable Microgrid Test Bed (SSMTB) system
Figure 12. Single-line diagram of the BC Hydro Boston Bar system [8]
Figure 13. Planned islanding with Boralex plant at Senneterre Substation [8]
Figure 14. One-line schematic of the laboratory-scale microgrid2
Figure 17. CESI RICERCA DER test microgrid network configuration [8]
Figure 18. The Kythnos island microgrid [8]
V. REFERENCES
[1] D. S. A. Subcommittee, "Radial Distribution Test Feeders," [Online]. Available: http://www.ewh.ieee.org/soc/pes/dsacom/testfeeders/testfeeders.pdf
[2] R. H. Lasseter, J. H. Eto, B. Schenkman, J. Stevens, H. Vollkommer, D. Klapp, E. Linton, H. Hurtado, and J. Roy, "CERTS Microgrid Laboratory Test Bed," Power Delivery, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 26, pp. 325-332, 2011.
[3] K. Rudion, A. Orths, Z. A. Styczynski, and K. Strunz, "Design of benchmark of medium voltage distribution network for investigation of DG integration," in Proc. 2006 Power Engineering Society General Meeting, 2006. IEEE, p. 6 pp., 0-0 0, 2006.
[4] K. Strunz, "Developing benchmark models for studying the integration of distributed energy resources," in Proc. 2006 Power Engineering Society General Meeting, 2006. IEEE, p. 2 pp., 0-0 0, 2006.
[5] Z. A. Styczynski, A. Orths, K. Rudion, A. Lebioda, and O. Ruhle, "Benchmark for an Electric Distribution System with Dispersed Energy Resources," in Proc. 2006 Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exhibition, 2005/2006 IEEE PES, pp. 314-320, 21-24 May 2006, 2006.
[6] H. Ying-Yi, L. Yong-Zheng, H. Ming-Chun, C. Yung-Ruei, L. Yih-Der, and H. Hui-Chun, "Studies on operation modes for the first outdoor microgrid test bed in Taiwan," in Proc. 2012 Power System Technology (POWERCON), 2012 IEEE International Conference on, pp. 1-6, Oct. 30 2012-Nov. 2 2012, 2012.
[7] S. Glover, J. Neely, A. Lentine, J. Finn, F. White, P. Foster, O. Wasynczuk, S. Pekarek, and B. Loop, "Secure Scalable Microgrid Test Bed at Sandia National Laboratories," in Proc. 2012 Cyber Technology in Automation, Control, and Intelligent Systems (CYBER), 2012 IEEE International Conference on, pp. 23-27, 27-31 May 2012, 2012.
[8] N. W. A. Lidula and A. D. Rajapakse, "Microgrids research: A review of experimental microgrids and test systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 15, pp. 186-202, 1// 2011.
[9] L. Mariam, M. Basu, and M. F. Conlon, "A Review of Existing Microgrid Architectures," Journal of Engineering, vol. 2013, p. 8, 2013.
[10] M. Ariyasinghe and K. Hemapala, "Microgrid Test-Beds and Its Control Strategies," Smart Grid and Renewable Energy, vol. 4, p. 7, 2013.