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copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Chapter 7
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
The Structure and Replication of Genomes
bull Genetics bull Study of inheritance and inheritable traits as expressed
in an organisms genetic material
bull Genome bull The entire genetic complement of an organism
bull Includes its genes and nucleotide sequences
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 71 The structure of nucleic acids
Hydrogen bond
SugarAdenine (A)nucleoside
Thymine (T)nucleoside
AndashT base pair (DNA) AndashU base pair (RNA)
Adenine (A)nucleoside
Uracil (U)nucleoside
Guanine (G)nucleoside
Cytosine (G)nucleoside
Double-stranded DNA
3prime end
5prime end3prime end
Adenine Thymine
5 endprime
Thymine nucleoside
Guanine Cytosine
GndashC base pair (DNA and RNA)
5prime end 5prime end3prime end
Thymine nucleotide
T A
CG
A T
G
3prime end
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The Structure and Replication of Genomes
bull The Structure of Prokaryotic Genomesbull Prokaryotic chromosomes
bull Main portion of DNA along with associated proteins and
RNA
bull Prokaryotic cells are haploid (single chromosome copy)
bull Typical chromosome is circular molecule of DNA in
nucleoid
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Figure 72 Bacterial genome
Nucleoid
Bacterium
Chromosome
Plasmid
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The Structure and Replication of Genomes
bull The Structure of Prokaryotic Genomesbull Plasmids
bull Small molecules of DNA that replicate independently
bull Not essential for normal metabolism growth or reproduction
bull Can confer survival advantages
bull Many types of plasmids
bull Fertility factors
bull Resistance factors
bull Bacteriocin factors
bull Virulence plasmids
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
The Structure and Replication of Genomes
bull The Structure of Eukaryotic Genomesbull Nuclear chromosomes
bull Typically have more than one chromosome per cell
bull Chromosomes are linear and sequestered within nucleus
bull Eukaryotic cells are often diploid (two chromosome
bull Occur in nucleoid of prokaryotesbull Three steps
bull Initiation bull Elongation bull Termination
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 79a The events in the transcription of RNA in prokaryotes
RNA polymerase attachesnonspecifically to DNA andtravels down its length untilit recognizes a promotersequence Sigma factorenhances promoterrecognition in bacteria
Upon recognition of thepromoter RNA polymeraseunzips the DNA moleculebeginning at the promoter
Unzipping of DNA movement of RNA polymerase
Attachment of RNA polymerase
Sigma factorPromoter
RNA polymerase
Bubble
Terminator
TemplateDNA strand
DNA
Initiation of transcription
5prime
3prime
5prime
5prime 3prime
3prime5prime
3prime
1a
1b
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 79b The events in the transcription of RNA in prokaryotes
Triphosphate ribonucleotidesalign with their DNAcomplements and RNApolymerase links themtogether synthesizing RNANo primer is needed Thetriphosphate ribonucleotidesalso provide the energyrequired for RNA synthesis
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Transfer of DNA from one cell to another via replicating
virus
bull Virus must be able to infect both donor and recipient cells
bull Virus that infects bacteria called a bacteriophage (phage)
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 734 Transduction
Phage injects its DNA
Phage enzymesdegrade host DNA
PhageDNA
Cell synthesizes newphages that incorporatephage DNA and mistakenlysome host DNA
Transducing phageinjects donor DNA
Donor DNA is incorporatedinto recipients chromosomeby recombination
InsertedDNA
Transduced cell
Recipient host cell
Transducing phage
Phage with donor DNA(transducing phage)
Bacterial chromosome
BacteriophageHost bacterial cell(donor cell)
1
2
3
4
5
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Generalized transduction
bull Transducing phage carries random DNA segment
from donor to recipient
bull Specialized transduction
bull Only certain donor DNA sequences are transferred
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Generalized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
bull Occur in nucleoid of prokaryotesbull Three steps
bull Initiation bull Elongation bull Termination
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 79a The events in the transcription of RNA in prokaryotes
RNA polymerase attachesnonspecifically to DNA andtravels down its length untilit recognizes a promotersequence Sigma factorenhances promoterrecognition in bacteria
Upon recognition of thepromoter RNA polymeraseunzips the DNA moleculebeginning at the promoter
Unzipping of DNA movement of RNA polymerase
Attachment of RNA polymerase
Sigma factorPromoter
RNA polymerase
Bubble
Terminator
TemplateDNA strand
DNA
Initiation of transcription
5prime
3prime
5prime
5prime 3prime
3prime5prime
3prime
1a
1b
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 79b The events in the transcription of RNA in prokaryotes
Triphosphate ribonucleotidesalign with their DNAcomplements and RNApolymerase links themtogether synthesizing RNANo primer is needed Thetriphosphate ribonucleotidesalso provide the energyrequired for RNA synthesis
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Transfer of DNA from one cell to another via replicating
virus
bull Virus must be able to infect both donor and recipient cells
bull Virus that infects bacteria called a bacteriophage (phage)
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 734 Transduction
Phage injects its DNA
Phage enzymesdegrade host DNA
PhageDNA
Cell synthesizes newphages that incorporatephage DNA and mistakenlysome host DNA
Transducing phageinjects donor DNA
Donor DNA is incorporatedinto recipients chromosomeby recombination
InsertedDNA
Transduced cell
Recipient host cell
Transducing phage
Phage with donor DNA(transducing phage)
Bacterial chromosome
BacteriophageHost bacterial cell(donor cell)
1
2
3
4
5
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Generalized transduction
bull Transducing phage carries random DNA segment
from donor to recipient
bull Specialized transduction
bull Only certain donor DNA sequences are transferred
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Generalized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
bull Occur in nucleoid of prokaryotesbull Three steps
bull Initiation bull Elongation bull Termination
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 79a The events in the transcription of RNA in prokaryotes
RNA polymerase attachesnonspecifically to DNA andtravels down its length untilit recognizes a promotersequence Sigma factorenhances promoterrecognition in bacteria
Upon recognition of thepromoter RNA polymeraseunzips the DNA moleculebeginning at the promoter
Unzipping of DNA movement of RNA polymerase
Attachment of RNA polymerase
Sigma factorPromoter
RNA polymerase
Bubble
Terminator
TemplateDNA strand
DNA
Initiation of transcription
5prime
3prime
5prime
5prime 3prime
3prime5prime
3prime
1a
1b
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 79b The events in the transcription of RNA in prokaryotes
Triphosphate ribonucleotidesalign with their DNAcomplements and RNApolymerase links themtogether synthesizing RNANo primer is needed Thetriphosphate ribonucleotidesalso provide the energyrequired for RNA synthesis
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Transfer of DNA from one cell to another via replicating
virus
bull Virus must be able to infect both donor and recipient cells
bull Virus that infects bacteria called a bacteriophage (phage)
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 734 Transduction
Phage injects its DNA
Phage enzymesdegrade host DNA
PhageDNA
Cell synthesizes newphages that incorporatephage DNA and mistakenlysome host DNA
Transducing phageinjects donor DNA
Donor DNA is incorporatedinto recipients chromosomeby recombination
InsertedDNA
Transduced cell
Recipient host cell
Transducing phage
Phage with donor DNA(transducing phage)
Bacterial chromosome
BacteriophageHost bacterial cell(donor cell)
1
2
3
4
5
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Generalized transduction
bull Transducing phage carries random DNA segment
from donor to recipient
bull Specialized transduction
bull Only certain donor DNA sequences are transferred
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Generalized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
bull Occur in nucleoid of prokaryotesbull Three steps
bull Initiation bull Elongation bull Termination
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 79a The events in the transcription of RNA in prokaryotes
RNA polymerase attachesnonspecifically to DNA andtravels down its length untilit recognizes a promotersequence Sigma factorenhances promoterrecognition in bacteria
Upon recognition of thepromoter RNA polymeraseunzips the DNA moleculebeginning at the promoter
Unzipping of DNA movement of RNA polymerase
Attachment of RNA polymerase
Sigma factorPromoter
RNA polymerase
Bubble
Terminator
TemplateDNA strand
DNA
Initiation of transcription
5prime
3prime
5prime
5prime 3prime
3prime5prime
3prime
1a
1b
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 79b The events in the transcription of RNA in prokaryotes
Triphosphate ribonucleotidesalign with their DNAcomplements and RNApolymerase links themtogether synthesizing RNANo primer is needed Thetriphosphate ribonucleotidesalso provide the energyrequired for RNA synthesis
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Transfer of DNA from one cell to another via replicating
virus
bull Virus must be able to infect both donor and recipient cells
bull Virus that infects bacteria called a bacteriophage (phage)
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 734 Transduction
Phage injects its DNA
Phage enzymesdegrade host DNA
PhageDNA
Cell synthesizes newphages that incorporatephage DNA and mistakenlysome host DNA
Transducing phageinjects donor DNA
Donor DNA is incorporatedinto recipients chromosomeby recombination
InsertedDNA
Transduced cell
Recipient host cell
Transducing phage
Phage with donor DNA(transducing phage)
Bacterial chromosome
BacteriophageHost bacterial cell(donor cell)
1
2
3
4
5
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Generalized transduction
bull Transducing phage carries random DNA segment
from donor to recipient
bull Specialized transduction
bull Only certain donor DNA sequences are transferred
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Generalized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
bull Occur in nucleoid of prokaryotesbull Three steps
bull Initiation bull Elongation bull Termination
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 79a The events in the transcription of RNA in prokaryotes
RNA polymerase attachesnonspecifically to DNA andtravels down its length untilit recognizes a promotersequence Sigma factorenhances promoterrecognition in bacteria
Upon recognition of thepromoter RNA polymeraseunzips the DNA moleculebeginning at the promoter
Unzipping of DNA movement of RNA polymerase
Attachment of RNA polymerase
Sigma factorPromoter
RNA polymerase
Bubble
Terminator
TemplateDNA strand
DNA
Initiation of transcription
5prime
3prime
5prime
5prime 3prime
3prime5prime
3prime
1a
1b
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 79b The events in the transcription of RNA in prokaryotes
Triphosphate ribonucleotidesalign with their DNAcomplements and RNApolymerase links themtogether synthesizing RNANo primer is needed Thetriphosphate ribonucleotidesalso provide the energyrequired for RNA synthesis
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Transfer of DNA from one cell to another via replicating
virus
bull Virus must be able to infect both donor and recipient cells
bull Virus that infects bacteria called a bacteriophage (phage)
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 734 Transduction
Phage injects its DNA
Phage enzymesdegrade host DNA
PhageDNA
Cell synthesizes newphages that incorporatephage DNA and mistakenlysome host DNA
Transducing phageinjects donor DNA
Donor DNA is incorporatedinto recipients chromosomeby recombination
InsertedDNA
Transduced cell
Recipient host cell
Transducing phage
Phage with donor DNA(transducing phage)
Bacterial chromosome
BacteriophageHost bacterial cell(donor cell)
1
2
3
4
5
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Generalized transduction
bull Transducing phage carries random DNA segment
from donor to recipient
bull Specialized transduction
bull Only certain donor DNA sequences are transferred
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Generalized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
bull Occur in nucleoid of prokaryotesbull Three steps
bull Initiation bull Elongation bull Termination
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 79a The events in the transcription of RNA in prokaryotes
RNA polymerase attachesnonspecifically to DNA andtravels down its length untilit recognizes a promotersequence Sigma factorenhances promoterrecognition in bacteria
Upon recognition of thepromoter RNA polymeraseunzips the DNA moleculebeginning at the promoter
Unzipping of DNA movement of RNA polymerase
Attachment of RNA polymerase
Sigma factorPromoter
RNA polymerase
Bubble
Terminator
TemplateDNA strand
DNA
Initiation of transcription
5prime
3prime
5prime
5prime 3prime
3prime5prime
3prime
1a
1b
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 79b The events in the transcription of RNA in prokaryotes
Triphosphate ribonucleotidesalign with their DNAcomplements and RNApolymerase links themtogether synthesizing RNANo primer is needed Thetriphosphate ribonucleotidesalso provide the energyrequired for RNA synthesis
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Transfer of DNA from one cell to another via replicating
virus
bull Virus must be able to infect both donor and recipient cells
bull Virus that infects bacteria called a bacteriophage (phage)
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 734 Transduction
Phage injects its DNA
Phage enzymesdegrade host DNA
PhageDNA
Cell synthesizes newphages that incorporatephage DNA and mistakenlysome host DNA
Transducing phageinjects donor DNA
Donor DNA is incorporatedinto recipients chromosomeby recombination
InsertedDNA
Transduced cell
Recipient host cell
Transducing phage
Phage with donor DNA(transducing phage)
Bacterial chromosome
BacteriophageHost bacterial cell(donor cell)
1
2
3
4
5
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Generalized transduction
bull Transducing phage carries random DNA segment
from donor to recipient
bull Specialized transduction
bull Only certain donor DNA sequences are transferred
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Generalized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
bull Occur in nucleoid of prokaryotesbull Three steps
bull Initiation bull Elongation bull Termination
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 79a The events in the transcription of RNA in prokaryotes
RNA polymerase attachesnonspecifically to DNA andtravels down its length untilit recognizes a promotersequence Sigma factorenhances promoterrecognition in bacteria
Upon recognition of thepromoter RNA polymeraseunzips the DNA moleculebeginning at the promoter
Unzipping of DNA movement of RNA polymerase
Attachment of RNA polymerase
Sigma factorPromoter
RNA polymerase
Bubble
Terminator
TemplateDNA strand
DNA
Initiation of transcription
5prime
3prime
5prime
5prime 3prime
3prime5prime
3prime
1a
1b
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 79b The events in the transcription of RNA in prokaryotes
Triphosphate ribonucleotidesalign with their DNAcomplements and RNApolymerase links themtogether synthesizing RNANo primer is needed Thetriphosphate ribonucleotidesalso provide the energyrequired for RNA synthesis
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Transfer of DNA from one cell to another via replicating
virus
bull Virus must be able to infect both donor and recipient cells
bull Virus that infects bacteria called a bacteriophage (phage)
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 734 Transduction
Phage injects its DNA
Phage enzymesdegrade host DNA
PhageDNA
Cell synthesizes newphages that incorporatephage DNA and mistakenlysome host DNA
Transducing phageinjects donor DNA
Donor DNA is incorporatedinto recipients chromosomeby recombination
InsertedDNA
Transduced cell
Recipient host cell
Transducing phage
Phage with donor DNA(transducing phage)
Bacterial chromosome
BacteriophageHost bacterial cell(donor cell)
1
2
3
4
5
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Generalized transduction
bull Transducing phage carries random DNA segment
from donor to recipient
bull Specialized transduction
bull Only certain donor DNA sequences are transferred
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Generalized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
bull Occur in nucleoid of prokaryotesbull Three steps
bull Initiation bull Elongation bull Termination
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 79a The events in the transcription of RNA in prokaryotes
RNA polymerase attachesnonspecifically to DNA andtravels down its length untilit recognizes a promotersequence Sigma factorenhances promoterrecognition in bacteria
Upon recognition of thepromoter RNA polymeraseunzips the DNA moleculebeginning at the promoter
Unzipping of DNA movement of RNA polymerase
Attachment of RNA polymerase
Sigma factorPromoter
RNA polymerase
Bubble
Terminator
TemplateDNA strand
DNA
Initiation of transcription
5prime
3prime
5prime
5prime 3prime
3prime5prime
3prime
1a
1b
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 79b The events in the transcription of RNA in prokaryotes
Triphosphate ribonucleotidesalign with their DNAcomplements and RNApolymerase links themtogether synthesizing RNANo primer is needed Thetriphosphate ribonucleotidesalso provide the energyrequired for RNA synthesis
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Transfer of DNA from one cell to another via replicating
virus
bull Virus must be able to infect both donor and recipient cells
bull Virus that infects bacteria called a bacteriophage (phage)
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 734 Transduction
Phage injects its DNA
Phage enzymesdegrade host DNA
PhageDNA
Cell synthesizes newphages that incorporatephage DNA and mistakenlysome host DNA
Transducing phageinjects donor DNA
Donor DNA is incorporatedinto recipients chromosomeby recombination
InsertedDNA
Transduced cell
Recipient host cell
Transducing phage
Phage with donor DNA(transducing phage)
Bacterial chromosome
BacteriophageHost bacterial cell(donor cell)
1
2
3
4
5
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Generalized transduction
bull Transducing phage carries random DNA segment
from donor to recipient
bull Specialized transduction
bull Only certain donor DNA sequences are transferred
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Generalized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
bull Occur in nucleoid of prokaryotesbull Three steps
bull Initiation bull Elongation bull Termination
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 79a The events in the transcription of RNA in prokaryotes
RNA polymerase attachesnonspecifically to DNA andtravels down its length untilit recognizes a promotersequence Sigma factorenhances promoterrecognition in bacteria
Upon recognition of thepromoter RNA polymeraseunzips the DNA moleculebeginning at the promoter
Unzipping of DNA movement of RNA polymerase
Attachment of RNA polymerase
Sigma factorPromoter
RNA polymerase
Bubble
Terminator
TemplateDNA strand
DNA
Initiation of transcription
5prime
3prime
5prime
5prime 3prime
3prime5prime
3prime
1a
1b
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 79b The events in the transcription of RNA in prokaryotes
Triphosphate ribonucleotidesalign with their DNAcomplements and RNApolymerase links themtogether synthesizing RNANo primer is needed Thetriphosphate ribonucleotidesalso provide the energyrequired for RNA synthesis
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Transfer of DNA from one cell to another via replicating
virus
bull Virus must be able to infect both donor and recipient cells
bull Virus that infects bacteria called a bacteriophage (phage)
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 734 Transduction
Phage injects its DNA
Phage enzymesdegrade host DNA
PhageDNA
Cell synthesizes newphages that incorporatephage DNA and mistakenlysome host DNA
Transducing phageinjects donor DNA
Donor DNA is incorporatedinto recipients chromosomeby recombination
InsertedDNA
Transduced cell
Recipient host cell
Transducing phage
Phage with donor DNA(transducing phage)
Bacterial chromosome
BacteriophageHost bacterial cell(donor cell)
1
2
3
4
5
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Generalized transduction
bull Transducing phage carries random DNA segment
from donor to recipient
bull Specialized transduction
bull Only certain donor DNA sequences are transferred
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Generalized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
bull Occur in nucleoid of prokaryotesbull Three steps
bull Initiation bull Elongation bull Termination
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 79a The events in the transcription of RNA in prokaryotes
RNA polymerase attachesnonspecifically to DNA andtravels down its length untilit recognizes a promotersequence Sigma factorenhances promoterrecognition in bacteria
Upon recognition of thepromoter RNA polymeraseunzips the DNA moleculebeginning at the promoter
Unzipping of DNA movement of RNA polymerase
Attachment of RNA polymerase
Sigma factorPromoter
RNA polymerase
Bubble
Terminator
TemplateDNA strand
DNA
Initiation of transcription
5prime
3prime
5prime
5prime 3prime
3prime5prime
3prime
1a
1b
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 79b The events in the transcription of RNA in prokaryotes
Triphosphate ribonucleotidesalign with their DNAcomplements and RNApolymerase links themtogether synthesizing RNANo primer is needed Thetriphosphate ribonucleotidesalso provide the energyrequired for RNA synthesis
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Transfer of DNA from one cell to another via replicating
virus
bull Virus must be able to infect both donor and recipient cells
bull Virus that infects bacteria called a bacteriophage (phage)
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 734 Transduction
Phage injects its DNA
Phage enzymesdegrade host DNA
PhageDNA
Cell synthesizes newphages that incorporatephage DNA and mistakenlysome host DNA
Transducing phageinjects donor DNA
Donor DNA is incorporatedinto recipients chromosomeby recombination
InsertedDNA
Transduced cell
Recipient host cell
Transducing phage
Phage with donor DNA(transducing phage)
Bacterial chromosome
BacteriophageHost bacterial cell(donor cell)
1
2
3
4
5
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Generalized transduction
bull Transducing phage carries random DNA segment
from donor to recipient
bull Specialized transduction
bull Only certain donor DNA sequences are transferred
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Generalized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
bull Occur in nucleoid of prokaryotesbull Three steps
bull Initiation bull Elongation bull Termination
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 79a The events in the transcription of RNA in prokaryotes
RNA polymerase attachesnonspecifically to DNA andtravels down its length untilit recognizes a promotersequence Sigma factorenhances promoterrecognition in bacteria
Upon recognition of thepromoter RNA polymeraseunzips the DNA moleculebeginning at the promoter
Unzipping of DNA movement of RNA polymerase
Attachment of RNA polymerase
Sigma factorPromoter
RNA polymerase
Bubble
Terminator
TemplateDNA strand
DNA
Initiation of transcription
5prime
3prime
5prime
5prime 3prime
3prime5prime
3prime
1a
1b
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 79b The events in the transcription of RNA in prokaryotes
Triphosphate ribonucleotidesalign with their DNAcomplements and RNApolymerase links themtogether synthesizing RNANo primer is needed Thetriphosphate ribonucleotidesalso provide the energyrequired for RNA synthesis
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Transfer of DNA from one cell to another via replicating
virus
bull Virus must be able to infect both donor and recipient cells
bull Virus that infects bacteria called a bacteriophage (phage)
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 734 Transduction
Phage injects its DNA
Phage enzymesdegrade host DNA
PhageDNA
Cell synthesizes newphages that incorporatephage DNA and mistakenlysome host DNA
Transducing phageinjects donor DNA
Donor DNA is incorporatedinto recipients chromosomeby recombination
InsertedDNA
Transduced cell
Recipient host cell
Transducing phage
Phage with donor DNA(transducing phage)
Bacterial chromosome
BacteriophageHost bacterial cell(donor cell)
1
2
3
4
5
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Generalized transduction
bull Transducing phage carries random DNA segment
from donor to recipient
bull Specialized transduction
bull Only certain donor DNA sequences are transferred
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Generalized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
bull Occur in nucleoid of prokaryotesbull Three steps
bull Initiation bull Elongation bull Termination
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 79a The events in the transcription of RNA in prokaryotes
RNA polymerase attachesnonspecifically to DNA andtravels down its length untilit recognizes a promotersequence Sigma factorenhances promoterrecognition in bacteria
Upon recognition of thepromoter RNA polymeraseunzips the DNA moleculebeginning at the promoter
Unzipping of DNA movement of RNA polymerase
Attachment of RNA polymerase
Sigma factorPromoter
RNA polymerase
Bubble
Terminator
TemplateDNA strand
DNA
Initiation of transcription
5prime
3prime
5prime
5prime 3prime
3prime5prime
3prime
1a
1b
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 79b The events in the transcription of RNA in prokaryotes
Triphosphate ribonucleotidesalign with their DNAcomplements and RNApolymerase links themtogether synthesizing RNANo primer is needed Thetriphosphate ribonucleotidesalso provide the energyrequired for RNA synthesis
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Transfer of DNA from one cell to another via replicating
virus
bull Virus must be able to infect both donor and recipient cells
bull Virus that infects bacteria called a bacteriophage (phage)
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 734 Transduction
Phage injects its DNA
Phage enzymesdegrade host DNA
PhageDNA
Cell synthesizes newphages that incorporatephage DNA and mistakenlysome host DNA
Transducing phageinjects donor DNA
Donor DNA is incorporatedinto recipients chromosomeby recombination
InsertedDNA
Transduced cell
Recipient host cell
Transducing phage
Phage with donor DNA(transducing phage)
Bacterial chromosome
BacteriophageHost bacterial cell(donor cell)
1
2
3
4
5
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Generalized transduction
bull Transducing phage carries random DNA segment
from donor to recipient
bull Specialized transduction
bull Only certain donor DNA sequences are transferred
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Generalized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
bull Occur in nucleoid of prokaryotesbull Three steps
bull Initiation bull Elongation bull Termination
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 79a The events in the transcription of RNA in prokaryotes
RNA polymerase attachesnonspecifically to DNA andtravels down its length untilit recognizes a promotersequence Sigma factorenhances promoterrecognition in bacteria
Upon recognition of thepromoter RNA polymeraseunzips the DNA moleculebeginning at the promoter
Unzipping of DNA movement of RNA polymerase
Attachment of RNA polymerase
Sigma factorPromoter
RNA polymerase
Bubble
Terminator
TemplateDNA strand
DNA
Initiation of transcription
5prime
3prime
5prime
5prime 3prime
3prime5prime
3prime
1a
1b
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 79b The events in the transcription of RNA in prokaryotes
Triphosphate ribonucleotidesalign with their DNAcomplements and RNApolymerase links themtogether synthesizing RNANo primer is needed Thetriphosphate ribonucleotidesalso provide the energyrequired for RNA synthesis
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Transfer of DNA from one cell to another via replicating
virus
bull Virus must be able to infect both donor and recipient cells
bull Virus that infects bacteria called a bacteriophage (phage)
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 734 Transduction
Phage injects its DNA
Phage enzymesdegrade host DNA
PhageDNA
Cell synthesizes newphages that incorporatephage DNA and mistakenlysome host DNA
Transducing phageinjects donor DNA
Donor DNA is incorporatedinto recipients chromosomeby recombination
InsertedDNA
Transduced cell
Recipient host cell
Transducing phage
Phage with donor DNA(transducing phage)
Bacterial chromosome
BacteriophageHost bacterial cell(donor cell)
1
2
3
4
5
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Generalized transduction
bull Transducing phage carries random DNA segment
from donor to recipient
bull Specialized transduction
bull Only certain donor DNA sequences are transferred
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Generalized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
bull Occur in nucleoid of prokaryotesbull Three steps
bull Initiation bull Elongation bull Termination
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 79a The events in the transcription of RNA in prokaryotes
RNA polymerase attachesnonspecifically to DNA andtravels down its length untilit recognizes a promotersequence Sigma factorenhances promoterrecognition in bacteria
Upon recognition of thepromoter RNA polymeraseunzips the DNA moleculebeginning at the promoter
Unzipping of DNA movement of RNA polymerase
Attachment of RNA polymerase
Sigma factorPromoter
RNA polymerase
Bubble
Terminator
TemplateDNA strand
DNA
Initiation of transcription
5prime
3prime
5prime
5prime 3prime
3prime5prime
3prime
1a
1b
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 79b The events in the transcription of RNA in prokaryotes
Triphosphate ribonucleotidesalign with their DNAcomplements and RNApolymerase links themtogether synthesizing RNANo primer is needed Thetriphosphate ribonucleotidesalso provide the energyrequired for RNA synthesis
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Transfer of DNA from one cell to another via replicating
virus
bull Virus must be able to infect both donor and recipient cells
bull Virus that infects bacteria called a bacteriophage (phage)
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 734 Transduction
Phage injects its DNA
Phage enzymesdegrade host DNA
PhageDNA
Cell synthesizes newphages that incorporatephage DNA and mistakenlysome host DNA
Transducing phageinjects donor DNA
Donor DNA is incorporatedinto recipients chromosomeby recombination
InsertedDNA
Transduced cell
Recipient host cell
Transducing phage
Phage with donor DNA(transducing phage)
Bacterial chromosome
BacteriophageHost bacterial cell(donor cell)
1
2
3
4
5
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Generalized transduction
bull Transducing phage carries random DNA segment
from donor to recipient
bull Specialized transduction
bull Only certain donor DNA sequences are transferred
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Generalized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
bull Occur in nucleoid of prokaryotesbull Three steps
bull Initiation bull Elongation bull Termination
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 79a The events in the transcription of RNA in prokaryotes
RNA polymerase attachesnonspecifically to DNA andtravels down its length untilit recognizes a promotersequence Sigma factorenhances promoterrecognition in bacteria
Upon recognition of thepromoter RNA polymeraseunzips the DNA moleculebeginning at the promoter
Unzipping of DNA movement of RNA polymerase
Attachment of RNA polymerase
Sigma factorPromoter
RNA polymerase
Bubble
Terminator
TemplateDNA strand
DNA
Initiation of transcription
5prime
3prime
5prime
5prime 3prime
3prime5prime
3prime
1a
1b
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 79b The events in the transcription of RNA in prokaryotes
Triphosphate ribonucleotidesalign with their DNAcomplements and RNApolymerase links themtogether synthesizing RNANo primer is needed Thetriphosphate ribonucleotidesalso provide the energyrequired for RNA synthesis
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Transfer of DNA from one cell to another via replicating
virus
bull Virus must be able to infect both donor and recipient cells
bull Virus that infects bacteria called a bacteriophage (phage)
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 734 Transduction
Phage injects its DNA
Phage enzymesdegrade host DNA
PhageDNA
Cell synthesizes newphages that incorporatephage DNA and mistakenlysome host DNA
Transducing phageinjects donor DNA
Donor DNA is incorporatedinto recipients chromosomeby recombination
InsertedDNA
Transduced cell
Recipient host cell
Transducing phage
Phage with donor DNA(transducing phage)
Bacterial chromosome
BacteriophageHost bacterial cell(donor cell)
1
2
3
4
5
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Generalized transduction
bull Transducing phage carries random DNA segment
from donor to recipient
bull Specialized transduction
bull Only certain donor DNA sequences are transferred
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Generalized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
bull Occur in nucleoid of prokaryotesbull Three steps
bull Initiation bull Elongation bull Termination
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 79a The events in the transcription of RNA in prokaryotes
RNA polymerase attachesnonspecifically to DNA andtravels down its length untilit recognizes a promotersequence Sigma factorenhances promoterrecognition in bacteria
Upon recognition of thepromoter RNA polymeraseunzips the DNA moleculebeginning at the promoter
Unzipping of DNA movement of RNA polymerase
Attachment of RNA polymerase
Sigma factorPromoter
RNA polymerase
Bubble
Terminator
TemplateDNA strand
DNA
Initiation of transcription
5prime
3prime
5prime
5prime 3prime
3prime5prime
3prime
1a
1b
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 79b The events in the transcription of RNA in prokaryotes
Triphosphate ribonucleotidesalign with their DNAcomplements and RNApolymerase links themtogether synthesizing RNANo primer is needed Thetriphosphate ribonucleotidesalso provide the energyrequired for RNA synthesis
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Transfer of DNA from one cell to another via replicating
virus
bull Virus must be able to infect both donor and recipient cells
bull Virus that infects bacteria called a bacteriophage (phage)
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 734 Transduction
Phage injects its DNA
Phage enzymesdegrade host DNA
PhageDNA
Cell synthesizes newphages that incorporatephage DNA and mistakenlysome host DNA
Transducing phageinjects donor DNA
Donor DNA is incorporatedinto recipients chromosomeby recombination
InsertedDNA
Transduced cell
Recipient host cell
Transducing phage
Phage with donor DNA(transducing phage)
Bacterial chromosome
BacteriophageHost bacterial cell(donor cell)
1
2
3
4
5
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Generalized transduction
bull Transducing phage carries random DNA segment
from donor to recipient
bull Specialized transduction
bull Only certain donor DNA sequences are transferred
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Generalized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
bull Occur in nucleoid of prokaryotesbull Three steps
bull Initiation bull Elongation bull Termination
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 79a The events in the transcription of RNA in prokaryotes
RNA polymerase attachesnonspecifically to DNA andtravels down its length untilit recognizes a promotersequence Sigma factorenhances promoterrecognition in bacteria
Upon recognition of thepromoter RNA polymeraseunzips the DNA moleculebeginning at the promoter
Unzipping of DNA movement of RNA polymerase
Attachment of RNA polymerase
Sigma factorPromoter
RNA polymerase
Bubble
Terminator
TemplateDNA strand
DNA
Initiation of transcription
5prime
3prime
5prime
5prime 3prime
3prime5prime
3prime
1a
1b
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 79b The events in the transcription of RNA in prokaryotes
Triphosphate ribonucleotidesalign with their DNAcomplements and RNApolymerase links themtogether synthesizing RNANo primer is needed Thetriphosphate ribonucleotidesalso provide the energyrequired for RNA synthesis
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Transfer of DNA from one cell to another via replicating
virus
bull Virus must be able to infect both donor and recipient cells
bull Virus that infects bacteria called a bacteriophage (phage)
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 734 Transduction
Phage injects its DNA
Phage enzymesdegrade host DNA
PhageDNA
Cell synthesizes newphages that incorporatephage DNA and mistakenlysome host DNA
Transducing phageinjects donor DNA
Donor DNA is incorporatedinto recipients chromosomeby recombination
InsertedDNA
Transduced cell
Recipient host cell
Transducing phage
Phage with donor DNA(transducing phage)
Bacterial chromosome
BacteriophageHost bacterial cell(donor cell)
1
2
3
4
5
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Generalized transduction
bull Transducing phage carries random DNA segment
from donor to recipient
bull Specialized transduction
bull Only certain donor DNA sequences are transferred
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Generalized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
bull Occur in nucleoid of prokaryotesbull Three steps
bull Initiation bull Elongation bull Termination
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 79a The events in the transcription of RNA in prokaryotes
RNA polymerase attachesnonspecifically to DNA andtravels down its length untilit recognizes a promotersequence Sigma factorenhances promoterrecognition in bacteria
Upon recognition of thepromoter RNA polymeraseunzips the DNA moleculebeginning at the promoter
Unzipping of DNA movement of RNA polymerase
Attachment of RNA polymerase
Sigma factorPromoter
RNA polymerase
Bubble
Terminator
TemplateDNA strand
DNA
Initiation of transcription
5prime
3prime
5prime
5prime 3prime
3prime5prime
3prime
1a
1b
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 79b The events in the transcription of RNA in prokaryotes
Triphosphate ribonucleotidesalign with their DNAcomplements and RNApolymerase links themtogether synthesizing RNANo primer is needed Thetriphosphate ribonucleotidesalso provide the energyrequired for RNA synthesis
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Transfer of DNA from one cell to another via replicating
virus
bull Virus must be able to infect both donor and recipient cells
bull Virus that infects bacteria called a bacteriophage (phage)
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 734 Transduction
Phage injects its DNA
Phage enzymesdegrade host DNA
PhageDNA
Cell synthesizes newphages that incorporatephage DNA and mistakenlysome host DNA
Transducing phageinjects donor DNA
Donor DNA is incorporatedinto recipients chromosomeby recombination
InsertedDNA
Transduced cell
Recipient host cell
Transducing phage
Phage with donor DNA(transducing phage)
Bacterial chromosome
BacteriophageHost bacterial cell(donor cell)
1
2
3
4
5
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Generalized transduction
bull Transducing phage carries random DNA segment
from donor to recipient
bull Specialized transduction
bull Only certain donor DNA sequences are transferred
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Generalized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
bull Occur in nucleoid of prokaryotesbull Three steps
bull Initiation bull Elongation bull Termination
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 79a The events in the transcription of RNA in prokaryotes
RNA polymerase attachesnonspecifically to DNA andtravels down its length untilit recognizes a promotersequence Sigma factorenhances promoterrecognition in bacteria
Upon recognition of thepromoter RNA polymeraseunzips the DNA moleculebeginning at the promoter
Unzipping of DNA movement of RNA polymerase
Attachment of RNA polymerase
Sigma factorPromoter
RNA polymerase
Bubble
Terminator
TemplateDNA strand
DNA
Initiation of transcription
5prime
3prime
5prime
5prime 3prime
3prime5prime
3prime
1a
1b
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 79b The events in the transcription of RNA in prokaryotes
Triphosphate ribonucleotidesalign with their DNAcomplements and RNApolymerase links themtogether synthesizing RNANo primer is needed Thetriphosphate ribonucleotidesalso provide the energyrequired for RNA synthesis
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Transfer of DNA from one cell to another via replicating
virus
bull Virus must be able to infect both donor and recipient cells
bull Virus that infects bacteria called a bacteriophage (phage)
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 734 Transduction
Phage injects its DNA
Phage enzymesdegrade host DNA
PhageDNA
Cell synthesizes newphages that incorporatephage DNA and mistakenlysome host DNA
Transducing phageinjects donor DNA
Donor DNA is incorporatedinto recipients chromosomeby recombination
InsertedDNA
Transduced cell
Recipient host cell
Transducing phage
Phage with donor DNA(transducing phage)
Bacterial chromosome
BacteriophageHost bacterial cell(donor cell)
1
2
3
4
5
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Generalized transduction
bull Transducing phage carries random DNA segment
from donor to recipient
bull Specialized transduction
bull Only certain donor DNA sequences are transferred
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Generalized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
bull Occur in nucleoid of prokaryotesbull Three steps
bull Initiation bull Elongation bull Termination
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 79a The events in the transcription of RNA in prokaryotes
RNA polymerase attachesnonspecifically to DNA andtravels down its length untilit recognizes a promotersequence Sigma factorenhances promoterrecognition in bacteria
Upon recognition of thepromoter RNA polymeraseunzips the DNA moleculebeginning at the promoter
Unzipping of DNA movement of RNA polymerase
Attachment of RNA polymerase
Sigma factorPromoter
RNA polymerase
Bubble
Terminator
TemplateDNA strand
DNA
Initiation of transcription
5prime
3prime
5prime
5prime 3prime
3prime5prime
3prime
1a
1b
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 79b The events in the transcription of RNA in prokaryotes
Triphosphate ribonucleotidesalign with their DNAcomplements and RNApolymerase links themtogether synthesizing RNANo primer is needed Thetriphosphate ribonucleotidesalso provide the energyrequired for RNA synthesis
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Transfer of DNA from one cell to another via replicating
virus
bull Virus must be able to infect both donor and recipient cells
bull Virus that infects bacteria called a bacteriophage (phage)
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 734 Transduction
Phage injects its DNA
Phage enzymesdegrade host DNA
PhageDNA
Cell synthesizes newphages that incorporatephage DNA and mistakenlysome host DNA
Transducing phageinjects donor DNA
Donor DNA is incorporatedinto recipients chromosomeby recombination
InsertedDNA
Transduced cell
Recipient host cell
Transducing phage
Phage with donor DNA(transducing phage)
Bacterial chromosome
BacteriophageHost bacterial cell(donor cell)
1
2
3
4
5
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Generalized transduction
bull Transducing phage carries random DNA segment
from donor to recipient
bull Specialized transduction
bull Only certain donor DNA sequences are transferred
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Generalized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
bull Occur in nucleoid of prokaryotesbull Three steps
bull Initiation bull Elongation bull Termination
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 79a The events in the transcription of RNA in prokaryotes
RNA polymerase attachesnonspecifically to DNA andtravels down its length untilit recognizes a promotersequence Sigma factorenhances promoterrecognition in bacteria
Upon recognition of thepromoter RNA polymeraseunzips the DNA moleculebeginning at the promoter
Unzipping of DNA movement of RNA polymerase
Attachment of RNA polymerase
Sigma factorPromoter
RNA polymerase
Bubble
Terminator
TemplateDNA strand
DNA
Initiation of transcription
5prime
3prime
5prime
5prime 3prime
3prime5prime
3prime
1a
1b
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 79b The events in the transcription of RNA in prokaryotes
Triphosphate ribonucleotidesalign with their DNAcomplements and RNApolymerase links themtogether synthesizing RNANo primer is needed Thetriphosphate ribonucleotidesalso provide the energyrequired for RNA synthesis
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Transfer of DNA from one cell to another via replicating
virus
bull Virus must be able to infect both donor and recipient cells
bull Virus that infects bacteria called a bacteriophage (phage)
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 734 Transduction
Phage injects its DNA
Phage enzymesdegrade host DNA
PhageDNA
Cell synthesizes newphages that incorporatephage DNA and mistakenlysome host DNA
Transducing phageinjects donor DNA
Donor DNA is incorporatedinto recipients chromosomeby recombination
InsertedDNA
Transduced cell
Recipient host cell
Transducing phage
Phage with donor DNA(transducing phage)
Bacterial chromosome
BacteriophageHost bacterial cell(donor cell)
1
2
3
4
5
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Generalized transduction
bull Transducing phage carries random DNA segment
from donor to recipient
bull Specialized transduction
bull Only certain donor DNA sequences are transferred
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Generalized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
bull Occur in nucleoid of prokaryotesbull Three steps
bull Initiation bull Elongation bull Termination
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 79a The events in the transcription of RNA in prokaryotes
RNA polymerase attachesnonspecifically to DNA andtravels down its length untilit recognizes a promotersequence Sigma factorenhances promoterrecognition in bacteria
Upon recognition of thepromoter RNA polymeraseunzips the DNA moleculebeginning at the promoter
Unzipping of DNA movement of RNA polymerase
Attachment of RNA polymerase
Sigma factorPromoter
RNA polymerase
Bubble
Terminator
TemplateDNA strand
DNA
Initiation of transcription
5prime
3prime
5prime
5prime 3prime
3prime5prime
3prime
1a
1b
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 79b The events in the transcription of RNA in prokaryotes
Triphosphate ribonucleotidesalign with their DNAcomplements and RNApolymerase links themtogether synthesizing RNANo primer is needed Thetriphosphate ribonucleotidesalso provide the energyrequired for RNA synthesis
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Transfer of DNA from one cell to another via replicating
virus
bull Virus must be able to infect both donor and recipient cells
bull Virus that infects bacteria called a bacteriophage (phage)
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 734 Transduction
Phage injects its DNA
Phage enzymesdegrade host DNA
PhageDNA
Cell synthesizes newphages that incorporatephage DNA and mistakenlysome host DNA
Transducing phageinjects donor DNA
Donor DNA is incorporatedinto recipients chromosomeby recombination
InsertedDNA
Transduced cell
Recipient host cell
Transducing phage
Phage with donor DNA(transducing phage)
Bacterial chromosome
BacteriophageHost bacterial cell(donor cell)
1
2
3
4
5
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Generalized transduction
bull Transducing phage carries random DNA segment
from donor to recipient
bull Specialized transduction
bull Only certain donor DNA sequences are transferred
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Generalized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
bull Occur in nucleoid of prokaryotesbull Three steps
bull Initiation bull Elongation bull Termination
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 79a The events in the transcription of RNA in prokaryotes
RNA polymerase attachesnonspecifically to DNA andtravels down its length untilit recognizes a promotersequence Sigma factorenhances promoterrecognition in bacteria
Upon recognition of thepromoter RNA polymeraseunzips the DNA moleculebeginning at the promoter
Unzipping of DNA movement of RNA polymerase
Attachment of RNA polymerase
Sigma factorPromoter
RNA polymerase
Bubble
Terminator
TemplateDNA strand
DNA
Initiation of transcription
5prime
3prime
5prime
5prime 3prime
3prime5prime
3prime
1a
1b
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 79b The events in the transcription of RNA in prokaryotes
Triphosphate ribonucleotidesalign with their DNAcomplements and RNApolymerase links themtogether synthesizing RNANo primer is needed Thetriphosphate ribonucleotidesalso provide the energyrequired for RNA synthesis
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Transfer of DNA from one cell to another via replicating
virus
bull Virus must be able to infect both donor and recipient cells
bull Virus that infects bacteria called a bacteriophage (phage)
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 734 Transduction
Phage injects its DNA
Phage enzymesdegrade host DNA
PhageDNA
Cell synthesizes newphages that incorporatephage DNA and mistakenlysome host DNA
Transducing phageinjects donor DNA
Donor DNA is incorporatedinto recipients chromosomeby recombination
InsertedDNA
Transduced cell
Recipient host cell
Transducing phage
Phage with donor DNA(transducing phage)
Bacterial chromosome
BacteriophageHost bacterial cell(donor cell)
1
2
3
4
5
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Generalized transduction
bull Transducing phage carries random DNA segment
from donor to recipient
bull Specialized transduction
bull Only certain donor DNA sequences are transferred
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Generalized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
bull Occur in nucleoid of prokaryotesbull Three steps
bull Initiation bull Elongation bull Termination
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 79a The events in the transcription of RNA in prokaryotes
RNA polymerase attachesnonspecifically to DNA andtravels down its length untilit recognizes a promotersequence Sigma factorenhances promoterrecognition in bacteria
Upon recognition of thepromoter RNA polymeraseunzips the DNA moleculebeginning at the promoter
Unzipping of DNA movement of RNA polymerase
Attachment of RNA polymerase
Sigma factorPromoter
RNA polymerase
Bubble
Terminator
TemplateDNA strand
DNA
Initiation of transcription
5prime
3prime
5prime
5prime 3prime
3prime5prime
3prime
1a
1b
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 79b The events in the transcription of RNA in prokaryotes
Triphosphate ribonucleotidesalign with their DNAcomplements and RNApolymerase links themtogether synthesizing RNANo primer is needed Thetriphosphate ribonucleotidesalso provide the energyrequired for RNA synthesis
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Transfer of DNA from one cell to another via replicating
virus
bull Virus must be able to infect both donor and recipient cells
bull Virus that infects bacteria called a bacteriophage (phage)
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 734 Transduction
Phage injects its DNA
Phage enzymesdegrade host DNA
PhageDNA
Cell synthesizes newphages that incorporatephage DNA and mistakenlysome host DNA
Transducing phageinjects donor DNA
Donor DNA is incorporatedinto recipients chromosomeby recombination
InsertedDNA
Transduced cell
Recipient host cell
Transducing phage
Phage with donor DNA(transducing phage)
Bacterial chromosome
BacteriophageHost bacterial cell(donor cell)
1
2
3
4
5
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Generalized transduction
bull Transducing phage carries random DNA segment
from donor to recipient
bull Specialized transduction
bull Only certain donor DNA sequences are transferred
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Generalized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
bull Occur in nucleoid of prokaryotesbull Three steps
bull Initiation bull Elongation bull Termination
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 79a The events in the transcription of RNA in prokaryotes
RNA polymerase attachesnonspecifically to DNA andtravels down its length untilit recognizes a promotersequence Sigma factorenhances promoterrecognition in bacteria
Upon recognition of thepromoter RNA polymeraseunzips the DNA moleculebeginning at the promoter
Unzipping of DNA movement of RNA polymerase
Attachment of RNA polymerase
Sigma factorPromoter
RNA polymerase
Bubble
Terminator
TemplateDNA strand
DNA
Initiation of transcription
5prime
3prime
5prime
5prime 3prime
3prime5prime
3prime
1a
1b
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 79b The events in the transcription of RNA in prokaryotes
Triphosphate ribonucleotidesalign with their DNAcomplements and RNApolymerase links themtogether synthesizing RNANo primer is needed Thetriphosphate ribonucleotidesalso provide the energyrequired for RNA synthesis
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Transfer of DNA from one cell to another via replicating
virus
bull Virus must be able to infect both donor and recipient cells
bull Virus that infects bacteria called a bacteriophage (phage)
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 734 Transduction
Phage injects its DNA
Phage enzymesdegrade host DNA
PhageDNA
Cell synthesizes newphages that incorporatephage DNA and mistakenlysome host DNA
Transducing phageinjects donor DNA
Donor DNA is incorporatedinto recipients chromosomeby recombination
InsertedDNA
Transduced cell
Recipient host cell
Transducing phage
Phage with donor DNA(transducing phage)
Bacterial chromosome
BacteriophageHost bacterial cell(donor cell)
1
2
3
4
5
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Generalized transduction
bull Transducing phage carries random DNA segment
from donor to recipient
bull Specialized transduction
bull Only certain donor DNA sequences are transferred
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Generalized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
bull Occur in nucleoid of prokaryotesbull Three steps
bull Initiation bull Elongation bull Termination
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 79a The events in the transcription of RNA in prokaryotes
RNA polymerase attachesnonspecifically to DNA andtravels down its length untilit recognizes a promotersequence Sigma factorenhances promoterrecognition in bacteria
Upon recognition of thepromoter RNA polymeraseunzips the DNA moleculebeginning at the promoter
Unzipping of DNA movement of RNA polymerase
Attachment of RNA polymerase
Sigma factorPromoter
RNA polymerase
Bubble
Terminator
TemplateDNA strand
DNA
Initiation of transcription
5prime
3prime
5prime
5prime 3prime
3prime5prime
3prime
1a
1b
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 79b The events in the transcription of RNA in prokaryotes
Triphosphate ribonucleotidesalign with their DNAcomplements and RNApolymerase links themtogether synthesizing RNANo primer is needed Thetriphosphate ribonucleotidesalso provide the energyrequired for RNA synthesis
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Transfer of DNA from one cell to another via replicating
virus
bull Virus must be able to infect both donor and recipient cells
bull Virus that infects bacteria called a bacteriophage (phage)
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 734 Transduction
Phage injects its DNA
Phage enzymesdegrade host DNA
PhageDNA
Cell synthesizes newphages that incorporatephage DNA and mistakenlysome host DNA
Transducing phageinjects donor DNA
Donor DNA is incorporatedinto recipients chromosomeby recombination
InsertedDNA
Transduced cell
Recipient host cell
Transducing phage
Phage with donor DNA(transducing phage)
Bacterial chromosome
BacteriophageHost bacterial cell(donor cell)
1
2
3
4
5
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Generalized transduction
bull Transducing phage carries random DNA segment
from donor to recipient
bull Specialized transduction
bull Only certain donor DNA sequences are transferred
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Generalized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
bull Occur in nucleoid of prokaryotesbull Three steps
bull Initiation bull Elongation bull Termination
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 79a The events in the transcription of RNA in prokaryotes
RNA polymerase attachesnonspecifically to DNA andtravels down its length untilit recognizes a promotersequence Sigma factorenhances promoterrecognition in bacteria
Upon recognition of thepromoter RNA polymeraseunzips the DNA moleculebeginning at the promoter
Unzipping of DNA movement of RNA polymerase
Attachment of RNA polymerase
Sigma factorPromoter
RNA polymerase
Bubble
Terminator
TemplateDNA strand
DNA
Initiation of transcription
5prime
3prime
5prime
5prime 3prime
3prime5prime
3prime
1a
1b
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 79b The events in the transcription of RNA in prokaryotes
Triphosphate ribonucleotidesalign with their DNAcomplements and RNApolymerase links themtogether synthesizing RNANo primer is needed Thetriphosphate ribonucleotidesalso provide the energyrequired for RNA synthesis
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Transfer of DNA from one cell to another via replicating
virus
bull Virus must be able to infect both donor and recipient cells
bull Virus that infects bacteria called a bacteriophage (phage)
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 734 Transduction
Phage injects its DNA
Phage enzymesdegrade host DNA
PhageDNA
Cell synthesizes newphages that incorporatephage DNA and mistakenlysome host DNA
Transducing phageinjects donor DNA
Donor DNA is incorporatedinto recipients chromosomeby recombination
InsertedDNA
Transduced cell
Recipient host cell
Transducing phage
Phage with donor DNA(transducing phage)
Bacterial chromosome
BacteriophageHost bacterial cell(donor cell)
1
2
3
4
5
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Generalized transduction
bull Transducing phage carries random DNA segment
from donor to recipient
bull Specialized transduction
bull Only certain donor DNA sequences are transferred
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Generalized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
bull Occur in nucleoid of prokaryotesbull Three steps
bull Initiation bull Elongation bull Termination
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 79a The events in the transcription of RNA in prokaryotes
RNA polymerase attachesnonspecifically to DNA andtravels down its length untilit recognizes a promotersequence Sigma factorenhances promoterrecognition in bacteria
Upon recognition of thepromoter RNA polymeraseunzips the DNA moleculebeginning at the promoter
Unzipping of DNA movement of RNA polymerase
Attachment of RNA polymerase
Sigma factorPromoter
RNA polymerase
Bubble
Terminator
TemplateDNA strand
DNA
Initiation of transcription
5prime
3prime
5prime
5prime 3prime
3prime5prime
3prime
1a
1b
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 79b The events in the transcription of RNA in prokaryotes
Triphosphate ribonucleotidesalign with their DNAcomplements and RNApolymerase links themtogether synthesizing RNANo primer is needed Thetriphosphate ribonucleotidesalso provide the energyrequired for RNA synthesis
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Transfer of DNA from one cell to another via replicating
virus
bull Virus must be able to infect both donor and recipient cells
bull Virus that infects bacteria called a bacteriophage (phage)
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 734 Transduction
Phage injects its DNA
Phage enzymesdegrade host DNA
PhageDNA
Cell synthesizes newphages that incorporatephage DNA and mistakenlysome host DNA
Transducing phageinjects donor DNA
Donor DNA is incorporatedinto recipients chromosomeby recombination
InsertedDNA
Transduced cell
Recipient host cell
Transducing phage
Phage with donor DNA(transducing phage)
Bacterial chromosome
BacteriophageHost bacterial cell(donor cell)
1
2
3
4
5
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Generalized transduction
bull Transducing phage carries random DNA segment
from donor to recipient
bull Specialized transduction
bull Only certain donor DNA sequences are transferred
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Generalized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
bull Occur in nucleoid of prokaryotesbull Three steps
bull Initiation bull Elongation bull Termination
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 79a The events in the transcription of RNA in prokaryotes
RNA polymerase attachesnonspecifically to DNA andtravels down its length untilit recognizes a promotersequence Sigma factorenhances promoterrecognition in bacteria
Upon recognition of thepromoter RNA polymeraseunzips the DNA moleculebeginning at the promoter
Unzipping of DNA movement of RNA polymerase
Attachment of RNA polymerase
Sigma factorPromoter
RNA polymerase
Bubble
Terminator
TemplateDNA strand
DNA
Initiation of transcription
5prime
3prime
5prime
5prime 3prime
3prime5prime
3prime
1a
1b
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 79b The events in the transcription of RNA in prokaryotes
Triphosphate ribonucleotidesalign with their DNAcomplements and RNApolymerase links themtogether synthesizing RNANo primer is needed Thetriphosphate ribonucleotidesalso provide the energyrequired for RNA synthesis
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Transfer of DNA from one cell to another via replicating
virus
bull Virus must be able to infect both donor and recipient cells
bull Virus that infects bacteria called a bacteriophage (phage)
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 734 Transduction
Phage injects its DNA
Phage enzymesdegrade host DNA
PhageDNA
Cell synthesizes newphages that incorporatephage DNA and mistakenlysome host DNA
Transducing phageinjects donor DNA
Donor DNA is incorporatedinto recipients chromosomeby recombination
InsertedDNA
Transduced cell
Recipient host cell
Transducing phage
Phage with donor DNA(transducing phage)
Bacterial chromosome
BacteriophageHost bacterial cell(donor cell)
1
2
3
4
5
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Generalized transduction
bull Transducing phage carries random DNA segment
from donor to recipient
bull Specialized transduction
bull Only certain donor DNA sequences are transferred
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Generalized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
bull Occur in nucleoid of prokaryotesbull Three steps
bull Initiation bull Elongation bull Termination
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 79a The events in the transcription of RNA in prokaryotes
RNA polymerase attachesnonspecifically to DNA andtravels down its length untilit recognizes a promotersequence Sigma factorenhances promoterrecognition in bacteria
Upon recognition of thepromoter RNA polymeraseunzips the DNA moleculebeginning at the promoter
Unzipping of DNA movement of RNA polymerase
Attachment of RNA polymerase
Sigma factorPromoter
RNA polymerase
Bubble
Terminator
TemplateDNA strand
DNA
Initiation of transcription
5prime
3prime
5prime
5prime 3prime
3prime5prime
3prime
1a
1b
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 79b The events in the transcription of RNA in prokaryotes
Triphosphate ribonucleotidesalign with their DNAcomplements and RNApolymerase links themtogether synthesizing RNANo primer is needed Thetriphosphate ribonucleotidesalso provide the energyrequired for RNA synthesis
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Transfer of DNA from one cell to another via replicating
virus
bull Virus must be able to infect both donor and recipient cells
bull Virus that infects bacteria called a bacteriophage (phage)
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 734 Transduction
Phage injects its DNA
Phage enzymesdegrade host DNA
PhageDNA
Cell synthesizes newphages that incorporatephage DNA and mistakenlysome host DNA
Transducing phageinjects donor DNA
Donor DNA is incorporatedinto recipients chromosomeby recombination
InsertedDNA
Transduced cell
Recipient host cell
Transducing phage
Phage with donor DNA(transducing phage)
Bacterial chromosome
BacteriophageHost bacterial cell(donor cell)
1
2
3
4
5
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Generalized transduction
bull Transducing phage carries random DNA segment
from donor to recipient
bull Specialized transduction
bull Only certain donor DNA sequences are transferred
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Generalized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
bull Occur in nucleoid of prokaryotesbull Three steps
bull Initiation bull Elongation bull Termination
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 79a The events in the transcription of RNA in prokaryotes
RNA polymerase attachesnonspecifically to DNA andtravels down its length untilit recognizes a promotersequence Sigma factorenhances promoterrecognition in bacteria
Upon recognition of thepromoter RNA polymeraseunzips the DNA moleculebeginning at the promoter
Unzipping of DNA movement of RNA polymerase
Attachment of RNA polymerase
Sigma factorPromoter
RNA polymerase
Bubble
Terminator
TemplateDNA strand
DNA
Initiation of transcription
5prime
3prime
5prime
5prime 3prime
3prime5prime
3prime
1a
1b
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 79b The events in the transcription of RNA in prokaryotes
Triphosphate ribonucleotidesalign with their DNAcomplements and RNApolymerase links themtogether synthesizing RNANo primer is needed Thetriphosphate ribonucleotidesalso provide the energyrequired for RNA synthesis
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Transfer of DNA from one cell to another via replicating
virus
bull Virus must be able to infect both donor and recipient cells
bull Virus that infects bacteria called a bacteriophage (phage)
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 734 Transduction
Phage injects its DNA
Phage enzymesdegrade host DNA
PhageDNA
Cell synthesizes newphages that incorporatephage DNA and mistakenlysome host DNA
Transducing phageinjects donor DNA
Donor DNA is incorporatedinto recipients chromosomeby recombination
InsertedDNA
Transduced cell
Recipient host cell
Transducing phage
Phage with donor DNA(transducing phage)
Bacterial chromosome
BacteriophageHost bacterial cell(donor cell)
1
2
3
4
5
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Generalized transduction
bull Transducing phage carries random DNA segment
from donor to recipient
bull Specialized transduction
bull Only certain donor DNA sequences are transferred
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Generalized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
Figure 74 Semiconservative model of DNA replication
Figure 75 The dual role of triphosphate deoxyribonucleotides
The Structure and Replication of Genomes (7)
Figure 76a DNA replication
DNA Replication Replication Proteins
Figure 76b-c DNA replication
DNA Replication Forming the Replication Fork
DNA Replication Synthesis
The Structure and Replication of Genomes (8)
Figure 77 The bidirectionality of DNA replication in prokaryo
The Structure and Replication of Genomes (9)
The Structure and Replication of Genomes (10)
Gene Function
Gene Function (2)
Figure 78 The central dogma of genetics
Transcription Overview
Translation Overview
Gene Function (3)
Figure 79a The events in the transcription of RNA in prokaryo
Figure 79b The events in the transcription of RNA in prokaryo
Figure 710 Concurrent RNA transcription
Figure 79c The events in the transcription of RNA in prokaryo
Transcription The Process
Gene Function (4)
Figure 711 Processing eukaryotic mRNA
Gene Function (5)
Figure 712 The genetic code
Translation Genetic Code
Slide 42
Gene Function (6)
Figure 713 A single prokaryotic mRNA can code for several pol
Figure 714 Transfer RNA
Figure 715 Ribosomal structures
Figure 716 Assembled ribosome and its tRNA-binding sites
Gene Function (7)
Figure 717 The initiation of translation in prokaryotes
Figure 718 The elongation stage of translation
Figure 719 In prokaryotes a polyribosomemdashone mRNA and many ri
Gene Function (8)
Translation The Process
Gene Function (9)
Slide 55
Protein Synthesis
Gene Function (10)
Gene Function (11)
Gene Function (12)
Figure 720 An operon
Gene Function (13)
Operons Overview
Figure 721 The lac operon an inducible operon
Figure 722 CAP-cAMP enhances lac transcription
Operons Induction
Figure 723 The trp operon a repressible operon
Operons Repression
Slide 68
Gene Function (14)
Gene Function (15)
Gene Function (16)
Mutations of Genes
Mutations of Genes (2)
Mutations Types
Figure 724 The effects of the various types of point mutation
Slide 76
Mutations of Genes (3)
Mutagens
Figure 725 A pyrimidine (in this case thymine) dimer
Figure 726 The structure and effects of a nucleotide analog
Figure 727 The action of a frameshift mutagen
Mutations of Genes (4)
Mutations Repair
Figure 728a-b DNA repair mechanisms
Figure 728c-d DNA repair mechanisms
Mutations of Genes (5)
Figure 729 Positive selection of mutants
Figure 730 The use of negative (indirect) selection to isolat
Figure 731 The Ames test
Mutations of Genes (6)
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
Figure 732 Genetic recombination
Genetic Recombination and Transfer (2)
Horizontal Gene Transfer Overview
Genetic Recombination and Transfer (3)
Figure 733 Transformation of Streptococcus pneumoniae
Transformation
Genetic Recombination and Transfer (4)
Figure 734 Transduction
Genetic Recombination and Transfer (5)
Transduction Generalized Transduction
Transduction Specialized Transduction
Genetic Recombination and Transfer (6)
Conjugation Overview
Conjugation F Factor
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cell
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
Slide 110
Genetic Recombination and Transfer (7)
Figure 737 Transposition
Transposons Overview
Genetic Recombination and Transfer (8)
Figure 738 Transposons
Transposons Insertion Sequences
Transposons Complex Transposons
Genetic Recombination and Transfer (9)
Important topics
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 79a The events in the transcription of RNA in prokaryotes
RNA polymerase attachesnonspecifically to DNA andtravels down its length untilit recognizes a promotersequence Sigma factorenhances promoterrecognition in bacteria
Upon recognition of thepromoter RNA polymeraseunzips the DNA moleculebeginning at the promoter
Unzipping of DNA movement of RNA polymerase
Attachment of RNA polymerase
Sigma factorPromoter
RNA polymerase
Bubble
Terminator
TemplateDNA strand
DNA
Initiation of transcription
5prime
3prime
5prime
5prime 3prime
3prime5prime
3prime
1a
1b
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 79b The events in the transcription of RNA in prokaryotes
Triphosphate ribonucleotidesalign with their DNAcomplements and RNApolymerase links themtogether synthesizing RNANo primer is needed Thetriphosphate ribonucleotidesalso provide the energyrequired for RNA synthesis
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Transfer of DNA from one cell to another via replicating
virus
bull Virus must be able to infect both donor and recipient cells
bull Virus that infects bacteria called a bacteriophage (phage)
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 734 Transduction
Phage injects its DNA
Phage enzymesdegrade host DNA
PhageDNA
Cell synthesizes newphages that incorporatephage DNA and mistakenlysome host DNA
Transducing phageinjects donor DNA
Donor DNA is incorporatedinto recipients chromosomeby recombination
InsertedDNA
Transduced cell
Recipient host cell
Transducing phage
Phage with donor DNA(transducing phage)
Bacterial chromosome
BacteriophageHost bacterial cell(donor cell)
1
2
3
4
5
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Generalized transduction
bull Transducing phage carries random DNA segment
from donor to recipient
bull Specialized transduction
bull Only certain donor DNA sequences are transferred
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Generalized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
Figure 74 Semiconservative model of DNA replication
Figure 75 The dual role of triphosphate deoxyribonucleotides
The Structure and Replication of Genomes (7)
Figure 76a DNA replication
DNA Replication Replication Proteins
Figure 76b-c DNA replication
DNA Replication Forming the Replication Fork
DNA Replication Synthesis
The Structure and Replication of Genomes (8)
Figure 77 The bidirectionality of DNA replication in prokaryo
The Structure and Replication of Genomes (9)
The Structure and Replication of Genomes (10)
Gene Function
Gene Function (2)
Figure 78 The central dogma of genetics
Transcription Overview
Translation Overview
Gene Function (3)
Figure 79a The events in the transcription of RNA in prokaryo
Figure 79b The events in the transcription of RNA in prokaryo
Figure 710 Concurrent RNA transcription
Figure 79c The events in the transcription of RNA in prokaryo
Transcription The Process
Gene Function (4)
Figure 711 Processing eukaryotic mRNA
Gene Function (5)
Figure 712 The genetic code
Translation Genetic Code
Slide 42
Gene Function (6)
Figure 713 A single prokaryotic mRNA can code for several pol
Figure 714 Transfer RNA
Figure 715 Ribosomal structures
Figure 716 Assembled ribosome and its tRNA-binding sites
Gene Function (7)
Figure 717 The initiation of translation in prokaryotes
Figure 718 The elongation stage of translation
Figure 719 In prokaryotes a polyribosomemdashone mRNA and many ri
Gene Function (8)
Translation The Process
Gene Function (9)
Slide 55
Protein Synthesis
Gene Function (10)
Gene Function (11)
Gene Function (12)
Figure 720 An operon
Gene Function (13)
Operons Overview
Figure 721 The lac operon an inducible operon
Figure 722 CAP-cAMP enhances lac transcription
Operons Induction
Figure 723 The trp operon a repressible operon
Operons Repression
Slide 68
Gene Function (14)
Gene Function (15)
Gene Function (16)
Mutations of Genes
Mutations of Genes (2)
Mutations Types
Figure 724 The effects of the various types of point mutation
Slide 76
Mutations of Genes (3)
Mutagens
Figure 725 A pyrimidine (in this case thymine) dimer
Figure 726 The structure and effects of a nucleotide analog
Figure 727 The action of a frameshift mutagen
Mutations of Genes (4)
Mutations Repair
Figure 728a-b DNA repair mechanisms
Figure 728c-d DNA repair mechanisms
Mutations of Genes (5)
Figure 729 Positive selection of mutants
Figure 730 The use of negative (indirect) selection to isolat
Figure 731 The Ames test
Mutations of Genes (6)
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
Figure 732 Genetic recombination
Genetic Recombination and Transfer (2)
Horizontal Gene Transfer Overview
Genetic Recombination and Transfer (3)
Figure 733 Transformation of Streptococcus pneumoniae
Transformation
Genetic Recombination and Transfer (4)
Figure 734 Transduction
Genetic Recombination and Transfer (5)
Transduction Generalized Transduction
Transduction Specialized Transduction
Genetic Recombination and Transfer (6)
Conjugation Overview
Conjugation F Factor
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cell
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
Slide 110
Genetic Recombination and Transfer (7)
Figure 737 Transposition
Transposons Overview
Genetic Recombination and Transfer (8)
Figure 738 Transposons
Transposons Insertion Sequences
Transposons Complex Transposons
Genetic Recombination and Transfer (9)
Important topics
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 79b The events in the transcription of RNA in prokaryotes
Triphosphate ribonucleotidesalign with their DNAcomplements and RNApolymerase links themtogether synthesizing RNANo primer is needed Thetriphosphate ribonucleotidesalso provide the energyrequired for RNA synthesis
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Transfer of DNA from one cell to another via replicating
virus
bull Virus must be able to infect both donor and recipient cells
bull Virus that infects bacteria called a bacteriophage (phage)
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 734 Transduction
Phage injects its DNA
Phage enzymesdegrade host DNA
PhageDNA
Cell synthesizes newphages that incorporatephage DNA and mistakenlysome host DNA
Transducing phageinjects donor DNA
Donor DNA is incorporatedinto recipients chromosomeby recombination
InsertedDNA
Transduced cell
Recipient host cell
Transducing phage
Phage with donor DNA(transducing phage)
Bacterial chromosome
BacteriophageHost bacterial cell(donor cell)
1
2
3
4
5
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Generalized transduction
bull Transducing phage carries random DNA segment
from donor to recipient
bull Specialized transduction
bull Only certain donor DNA sequences are transferred
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Generalized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Transfer of DNA from one cell to another via replicating
virus
bull Virus must be able to infect both donor and recipient cells
bull Virus that infects bacteria called a bacteriophage (phage)
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 734 Transduction
Phage injects its DNA
Phage enzymesdegrade host DNA
PhageDNA
Cell synthesizes newphages that incorporatephage DNA and mistakenlysome host DNA
Transducing phageinjects donor DNA
Donor DNA is incorporatedinto recipients chromosomeby recombination
InsertedDNA
Transduced cell
Recipient host cell
Transducing phage
Phage with donor DNA(transducing phage)
Bacterial chromosome
BacteriophageHost bacterial cell(donor cell)
1
2
3
4
5
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Generalized transduction
bull Transducing phage carries random DNA segment
from donor to recipient
bull Specialized transduction
bull Only certain donor DNA sequences are transferred
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Generalized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Transfer of DNA from one cell to another via replicating
virus
bull Virus must be able to infect both donor and recipient cells
bull Virus that infects bacteria called a bacteriophage (phage)
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 734 Transduction
Phage injects its DNA
Phage enzymesdegrade host DNA
PhageDNA
Cell synthesizes newphages that incorporatephage DNA and mistakenlysome host DNA
Transducing phageinjects donor DNA
Donor DNA is incorporatedinto recipients chromosomeby recombination
InsertedDNA
Transduced cell
Recipient host cell
Transducing phage
Phage with donor DNA(transducing phage)
Bacterial chromosome
BacteriophageHost bacterial cell(donor cell)
1
2
3
4
5
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Generalized transduction
bull Transducing phage carries random DNA segment
from donor to recipient
bull Specialized transduction
bull Only certain donor DNA sequences are transferred
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Generalized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Transfer of DNA from one cell to another via replicating
virus
bull Virus must be able to infect both donor and recipient cells
bull Virus that infects bacteria called a bacteriophage (phage)
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 734 Transduction
Phage injects its DNA
Phage enzymesdegrade host DNA
PhageDNA
Cell synthesizes newphages that incorporatephage DNA and mistakenlysome host DNA
Transducing phageinjects donor DNA
Donor DNA is incorporatedinto recipients chromosomeby recombination
InsertedDNA
Transduced cell
Recipient host cell
Transducing phage
Phage with donor DNA(transducing phage)
Bacterial chromosome
BacteriophageHost bacterial cell(donor cell)
1
2
3
4
5
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Generalized transduction
bull Transducing phage carries random DNA segment
from donor to recipient
bull Specialized transduction
bull Only certain donor DNA sequences are transferred
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Generalized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Transfer of DNA from one cell to another via replicating
virus
bull Virus must be able to infect both donor and recipient cells
bull Virus that infects bacteria called a bacteriophage (phage)
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 734 Transduction
Phage injects its DNA
Phage enzymesdegrade host DNA
PhageDNA
Cell synthesizes newphages that incorporatephage DNA and mistakenlysome host DNA
Transducing phageinjects donor DNA
Donor DNA is incorporatedinto recipients chromosomeby recombination
InsertedDNA
Transduced cell
Recipient host cell
Transducing phage
Phage with donor DNA(transducing phage)
Bacterial chromosome
BacteriophageHost bacterial cell(donor cell)
1
2
3
4
5
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Generalized transduction
bull Transducing phage carries random DNA segment
from donor to recipient
bull Specialized transduction
bull Only certain donor DNA sequences are transferred
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Generalized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Transfer of DNA from one cell to another via replicating
virus
bull Virus must be able to infect both donor and recipient cells
bull Virus that infects bacteria called a bacteriophage (phage)
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 734 Transduction
Phage injects its DNA
Phage enzymesdegrade host DNA
PhageDNA
Cell synthesizes newphages that incorporatephage DNA and mistakenlysome host DNA
Transducing phageinjects donor DNA
Donor DNA is incorporatedinto recipients chromosomeby recombination
InsertedDNA
Transduced cell
Recipient host cell
Transducing phage
Phage with donor DNA(transducing phage)
Bacterial chromosome
BacteriophageHost bacterial cell(donor cell)
1
2
3
4
5
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Generalized transduction
bull Transducing phage carries random DNA segment
from donor to recipient
bull Specialized transduction
bull Only certain donor DNA sequences are transferred
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Generalized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Transfer of DNA from one cell to another via replicating
virus
bull Virus must be able to infect both donor and recipient cells
bull Virus that infects bacteria called a bacteriophage (phage)
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 734 Transduction
Phage injects its DNA
Phage enzymesdegrade host DNA
PhageDNA
Cell synthesizes newphages that incorporatephage DNA and mistakenlysome host DNA
Transducing phageinjects donor DNA
Donor DNA is incorporatedinto recipients chromosomeby recombination
InsertedDNA
Transduced cell
Recipient host cell
Transducing phage
Phage with donor DNA(transducing phage)
Bacterial chromosome
BacteriophageHost bacterial cell(donor cell)
1
2
3
4
5
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Generalized transduction
bull Transducing phage carries random DNA segment
from donor to recipient
bull Specialized transduction
bull Only certain donor DNA sequences are transferred
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Generalized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Transfer of DNA from one cell to another via replicating
virus
bull Virus must be able to infect both donor and recipient cells
bull Virus that infects bacteria called a bacteriophage (phage)
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 734 Transduction
Phage injects its DNA
Phage enzymesdegrade host DNA
PhageDNA
Cell synthesizes newphages that incorporatephage DNA and mistakenlysome host DNA
Transducing phageinjects donor DNA
Donor DNA is incorporatedinto recipients chromosomeby recombination
InsertedDNA
Transduced cell
Recipient host cell
Transducing phage
Phage with donor DNA(transducing phage)
Bacterial chromosome
BacteriophageHost bacterial cell(donor cell)
1
2
3
4
5
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Generalized transduction
bull Transducing phage carries random DNA segment
from donor to recipient
bull Specialized transduction
bull Only certain donor DNA sequences are transferred
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Generalized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Transfer of DNA from one cell to another via replicating
virus
bull Virus must be able to infect both donor and recipient cells
bull Virus that infects bacteria called a bacteriophage (phage)
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 734 Transduction
Phage injects its DNA
Phage enzymesdegrade host DNA
PhageDNA
Cell synthesizes newphages that incorporatephage DNA and mistakenlysome host DNA
Transducing phageinjects donor DNA
Donor DNA is incorporatedinto recipients chromosomeby recombination
InsertedDNA
Transduced cell
Recipient host cell
Transducing phage
Phage with donor DNA(transducing phage)
Bacterial chromosome
BacteriophageHost bacterial cell(donor cell)
1
2
3
4
5
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Generalized transduction
bull Transducing phage carries random DNA segment
from donor to recipient
bull Specialized transduction
bull Only certain donor DNA sequences are transferred
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Generalized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Transfer of DNA from one cell to another via replicating
virus
bull Virus must be able to infect both donor and recipient cells
bull Virus that infects bacteria called a bacteriophage (phage)
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 734 Transduction
Phage injects its DNA
Phage enzymesdegrade host DNA
PhageDNA
Cell synthesizes newphages that incorporatephage DNA and mistakenlysome host DNA
Transducing phageinjects donor DNA
Donor DNA is incorporatedinto recipients chromosomeby recombination
InsertedDNA
Transduced cell
Recipient host cell
Transducing phage
Phage with donor DNA(transducing phage)
Bacterial chromosome
BacteriophageHost bacterial cell(donor cell)
1
2
3
4
5
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Generalized transduction
bull Transducing phage carries random DNA segment
from donor to recipient
bull Specialized transduction
bull Only certain donor DNA sequences are transferred
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Generalized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Transfer of DNA from one cell to another via replicating
virus
bull Virus must be able to infect both donor and recipient cells
bull Virus that infects bacteria called a bacteriophage (phage)
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 734 Transduction
Phage injects its DNA
Phage enzymesdegrade host DNA
PhageDNA
Cell synthesizes newphages that incorporatephage DNA and mistakenlysome host DNA
Transducing phageinjects donor DNA
Donor DNA is incorporatedinto recipients chromosomeby recombination
InsertedDNA
Transduced cell
Recipient host cell
Transducing phage
Phage with donor DNA(transducing phage)
Bacterial chromosome
BacteriophageHost bacterial cell(donor cell)
1
2
3
4
5
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Generalized transduction
bull Transducing phage carries random DNA segment
from donor to recipient
bull Specialized transduction
bull Only certain donor DNA sequences are transferred
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Generalized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Transfer of DNA from one cell to another via replicating
virus
bull Virus must be able to infect both donor and recipient cells
bull Virus that infects bacteria called a bacteriophage (phage)
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 734 Transduction
Phage injects its DNA
Phage enzymesdegrade host DNA
PhageDNA
Cell synthesizes newphages that incorporatephage DNA and mistakenlysome host DNA
Transducing phageinjects donor DNA
Donor DNA is incorporatedinto recipients chromosomeby recombination
InsertedDNA
Transduced cell
Recipient host cell
Transducing phage
Phage with donor DNA(transducing phage)
Bacterial chromosome
BacteriophageHost bacterial cell(donor cell)
1
2
3
4
5
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Generalized transduction
bull Transducing phage carries random DNA segment
from donor to recipient
bull Specialized transduction
bull Only certain donor DNA sequences are transferred
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Generalized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Transfer of DNA from one cell to another via replicating
virus
bull Virus must be able to infect both donor and recipient cells
bull Virus that infects bacteria called a bacteriophage (phage)
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 734 Transduction
Phage injects its DNA
Phage enzymesdegrade host DNA
PhageDNA
Cell synthesizes newphages that incorporatephage DNA and mistakenlysome host DNA
Transducing phageinjects donor DNA
Donor DNA is incorporatedinto recipients chromosomeby recombination
InsertedDNA
Transduced cell
Recipient host cell
Transducing phage
Phage with donor DNA(transducing phage)
Bacterial chromosome
BacteriophageHost bacterial cell(donor cell)
1
2
3
4
5
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Generalized transduction
bull Transducing phage carries random DNA segment
from donor to recipient
bull Specialized transduction
bull Only certain donor DNA sequences are transferred
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Generalized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Transfer of DNA from one cell to another via replicating
virus
bull Virus must be able to infect both donor and recipient cells
bull Virus that infects bacteria called a bacteriophage (phage)
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 734 Transduction
Phage injects its DNA
Phage enzymesdegrade host DNA
PhageDNA
Cell synthesizes newphages that incorporatephage DNA and mistakenlysome host DNA
Transducing phageinjects donor DNA
Donor DNA is incorporatedinto recipients chromosomeby recombination
InsertedDNA
Transduced cell
Recipient host cell
Transducing phage
Phage with donor DNA(transducing phage)
Bacterial chromosome
BacteriophageHost bacterial cell(donor cell)
1
2
3
4
5
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Generalized transduction
bull Transducing phage carries random DNA segment
from donor to recipient
bull Specialized transduction
bull Only certain donor DNA sequences are transferred
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Generalized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Transfer of DNA from one cell to another via replicating
virus
bull Virus must be able to infect both donor and recipient cells
bull Virus that infects bacteria called a bacteriophage (phage)
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 734 Transduction
Phage injects its DNA
Phage enzymesdegrade host DNA
PhageDNA
Cell synthesizes newphages that incorporatephage DNA and mistakenlysome host DNA
Transducing phageinjects donor DNA
Donor DNA is incorporatedinto recipients chromosomeby recombination
InsertedDNA
Transduced cell
Recipient host cell
Transducing phage
Phage with donor DNA(transducing phage)
Bacterial chromosome
BacteriophageHost bacterial cell(donor cell)
1
2
3
4
5
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Generalized transduction
bull Transducing phage carries random DNA segment
from donor to recipient
bull Specialized transduction
bull Only certain donor DNA sequences are transferred
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Generalized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Transfer of DNA from one cell to another via replicating
virus
bull Virus must be able to infect both donor and recipient cells
bull Virus that infects bacteria called a bacteriophage (phage)
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 734 Transduction
Phage injects its DNA
Phage enzymesdegrade host DNA
PhageDNA
Cell synthesizes newphages that incorporatephage DNA and mistakenlysome host DNA
Transducing phageinjects donor DNA
Donor DNA is incorporatedinto recipients chromosomeby recombination
InsertedDNA
Transduced cell
Recipient host cell
Transducing phage
Phage with donor DNA(transducing phage)
Bacterial chromosome
BacteriophageHost bacterial cell(donor cell)
1
2
3
4
5
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Generalized transduction
bull Transducing phage carries random DNA segment
from donor to recipient
bull Specialized transduction
bull Only certain donor DNA sequences are transferred
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Generalized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Transfer of DNA from one cell to another via replicating
virus
bull Virus must be able to infect both donor and recipient cells
bull Virus that infects bacteria called a bacteriophage (phage)
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 734 Transduction
Phage injects its DNA
Phage enzymesdegrade host DNA
PhageDNA
Cell synthesizes newphages that incorporatephage DNA and mistakenlysome host DNA
Transducing phageinjects donor DNA
Donor DNA is incorporatedinto recipients chromosomeby recombination
InsertedDNA
Transduced cell
Recipient host cell
Transducing phage
Phage with donor DNA(transducing phage)
Bacterial chromosome
BacteriophageHost bacterial cell(donor cell)
1
2
3
4
5
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Generalized transduction
bull Transducing phage carries random DNA segment
from donor to recipient
bull Specialized transduction
bull Only certain donor DNA sequences are transferred
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Generalized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Transfer of DNA from one cell to another via replicating
virus
bull Virus must be able to infect both donor and recipient cells
bull Virus that infects bacteria called a bacteriophage (phage)
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 734 Transduction
Phage injects its DNA
Phage enzymesdegrade host DNA
PhageDNA
Cell synthesizes newphages that incorporatephage DNA and mistakenlysome host DNA
Transducing phageinjects donor DNA
Donor DNA is incorporatedinto recipients chromosomeby recombination
InsertedDNA
Transduced cell
Recipient host cell
Transducing phage
Phage with donor DNA(transducing phage)
Bacterial chromosome
BacteriophageHost bacterial cell(donor cell)
1
2
3
4
5
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Generalized transduction
bull Transducing phage carries random DNA segment
from donor to recipient
bull Specialized transduction
bull Only certain donor DNA sequences are transferred
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Generalized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Transfer of DNA from one cell to another via replicating
virus
bull Virus must be able to infect both donor and recipient cells
bull Virus that infects bacteria called a bacteriophage (phage)
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 734 Transduction
Phage injects its DNA
Phage enzymesdegrade host DNA
PhageDNA
Cell synthesizes newphages that incorporatephage DNA and mistakenlysome host DNA
Transducing phageinjects donor DNA
Donor DNA is incorporatedinto recipients chromosomeby recombination
InsertedDNA
Transduced cell
Recipient host cell
Transducing phage
Phage with donor DNA(transducing phage)
Bacterial chromosome
BacteriophageHost bacterial cell(donor cell)
1
2
3
4
5
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Generalized transduction
bull Transducing phage carries random DNA segment
from donor to recipient
bull Specialized transduction
bull Only certain donor DNA sequences are transferred
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Generalized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Transfer of DNA from one cell to another via replicating
virus
bull Virus must be able to infect both donor and recipient cells
bull Virus that infects bacteria called a bacteriophage (phage)
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 734 Transduction
Phage injects its DNA
Phage enzymesdegrade host DNA
PhageDNA
Cell synthesizes newphages that incorporatephage DNA and mistakenlysome host DNA
Transducing phageinjects donor DNA
Donor DNA is incorporatedinto recipients chromosomeby recombination
InsertedDNA
Transduced cell
Recipient host cell
Transducing phage
Phage with donor DNA(transducing phage)
Bacterial chromosome
BacteriophageHost bacterial cell(donor cell)
1
2
3
4
5
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Generalized transduction
bull Transducing phage carries random DNA segment
from donor to recipient
bull Specialized transduction
bull Only certain donor DNA sequences are transferred
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Generalized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Transfer of DNA from one cell to another via replicating
virus
bull Virus must be able to infect both donor and recipient cells
bull Virus that infects bacteria called a bacteriophage (phage)
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 734 Transduction
Phage injects its DNA
Phage enzymesdegrade host DNA
PhageDNA
Cell synthesizes newphages that incorporatephage DNA and mistakenlysome host DNA
Transducing phageinjects donor DNA
Donor DNA is incorporatedinto recipients chromosomeby recombination
InsertedDNA
Transduced cell
Recipient host cell
Transducing phage
Phage with donor DNA(transducing phage)
Bacterial chromosome
BacteriophageHost bacterial cell(donor cell)
1
2
3
4
5
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Generalized transduction
bull Transducing phage carries random DNA segment
from donor to recipient
bull Specialized transduction
bull Only certain donor DNA sequences are transferred
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Generalized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Transfer of DNA from one cell to another via replicating
virus
bull Virus must be able to infect both donor and recipient cells
bull Virus that infects bacteria called a bacteriophage (phage)
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 734 Transduction
Phage injects its DNA
Phage enzymesdegrade host DNA
PhageDNA
Cell synthesizes newphages that incorporatephage DNA and mistakenlysome host DNA
Transducing phageinjects donor DNA
Donor DNA is incorporatedinto recipients chromosomeby recombination
InsertedDNA
Transduced cell
Recipient host cell
Transducing phage
Phage with donor DNA(transducing phage)
Bacterial chromosome
BacteriophageHost bacterial cell(donor cell)
1
2
3
4
5
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Generalized transduction
bull Transducing phage carries random DNA segment
from donor to recipient
bull Specialized transduction
bull Only certain donor DNA sequences are transferred
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Generalized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Transfer of DNA from one cell to another via replicating
virus
bull Virus must be able to infect both donor and recipient cells
bull Virus that infects bacteria called a bacteriophage (phage)
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 734 Transduction
Phage injects its DNA
Phage enzymesdegrade host DNA
PhageDNA
Cell synthesizes newphages that incorporatephage DNA and mistakenlysome host DNA
Transducing phageinjects donor DNA
Donor DNA is incorporatedinto recipients chromosomeby recombination
InsertedDNA
Transduced cell
Recipient host cell
Transducing phage
Phage with donor DNA(transducing phage)
Bacterial chromosome
BacteriophageHost bacterial cell(donor cell)
1
2
3
4
5
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Generalized transduction
bull Transducing phage carries random DNA segment
from donor to recipient
bull Specialized transduction
bull Only certain donor DNA sequences are transferred
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Generalized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Transfer of DNA from one cell to another via replicating
virus
bull Virus must be able to infect both donor and recipient cells
bull Virus that infects bacteria called a bacteriophage (phage)
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 734 Transduction
Phage injects its DNA
Phage enzymesdegrade host DNA
PhageDNA
Cell synthesizes newphages that incorporatephage DNA and mistakenlysome host DNA
Transducing phageinjects donor DNA
Donor DNA is incorporatedinto recipients chromosomeby recombination
InsertedDNA
Transduced cell
Recipient host cell
Transducing phage
Phage with donor DNA(transducing phage)
Bacterial chromosome
BacteriophageHost bacterial cell(donor cell)
1
2
3
4
5
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Generalized transduction
bull Transducing phage carries random DNA segment
from donor to recipient
bull Specialized transduction
bull Only certain donor DNA sequences are transferred
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Generalized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Transfer of DNA from one cell to another via replicating
virus
bull Virus must be able to infect both donor and recipient cells
bull Virus that infects bacteria called a bacteriophage (phage)
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 734 Transduction
Phage injects its DNA
Phage enzymesdegrade host DNA
PhageDNA
Cell synthesizes newphages that incorporatephage DNA and mistakenlysome host DNA
Transducing phageinjects donor DNA
Donor DNA is incorporatedinto recipients chromosomeby recombination
InsertedDNA
Transduced cell
Recipient host cell
Transducing phage
Phage with donor DNA(transducing phage)
Bacterial chromosome
BacteriophageHost bacterial cell(donor cell)
1
2
3
4
5
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Generalized transduction
bull Transducing phage carries random DNA segment
from donor to recipient
bull Specialized transduction
bull Only certain donor DNA sequences are transferred
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Generalized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Transfer of DNA from one cell to another via replicating
virus
bull Virus must be able to infect both donor and recipient cells
bull Virus that infects bacteria called a bacteriophage (phage)
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 734 Transduction
Phage injects its DNA
Phage enzymesdegrade host DNA
PhageDNA
Cell synthesizes newphages that incorporatephage DNA and mistakenlysome host DNA
Transducing phageinjects donor DNA
Donor DNA is incorporatedinto recipients chromosomeby recombination
InsertedDNA
Transduced cell
Recipient host cell
Transducing phage
Phage with donor DNA(transducing phage)
Bacterial chromosome
BacteriophageHost bacterial cell(donor cell)
1
2
3
4
5
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Generalized transduction
bull Transducing phage carries random DNA segment
from donor to recipient
bull Specialized transduction
bull Only certain donor DNA sequences are transferred
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Generalized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Transfer of DNA from one cell to another via replicating
virus
bull Virus must be able to infect both donor and recipient cells
bull Virus that infects bacteria called a bacteriophage (phage)
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 734 Transduction
Phage injects its DNA
Phage enzymesdegrade host DNA
PhageDNA
Cell synthesizes newphages that incorporatephage DNA and mistakenlysome host DNA
Transducing phageinjects donor DNA
Donor DNA is incorporatedinto recipients chromosomeby recombination
InsertedDNA
Transduced cell
Recipient host cell
Transducing phage
Phage with donor DNA(transducing phage)
Bacterial chromosome
BacteriophageHost bacterial cell(donor cell)
1
2
3
4
5
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Generalized transduction
bull Transducing phage carries random DNA segment
from donor to recipient
bull Specialized transduction
bull Only certain donor DNA sequences are transferred
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Generalized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Transfer of DNA from one cell to another via replicating
virus
bull Virus must be able to infect both donor and recipient cells
bull Virus that infects bacteria called a bacteriophage (phage)
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 734 Transduction
Phage injects its DNA
Phage enzymesdegrade host DNA
PhageDNA
Cell synthesizes newphages that incorporatephage DNA and mistakenlysome host DNA
Transducing phageinjects donor DNA
Donor DNA is incorporatedinto recipients chromosomeby recombination
InsertedDNA
Transduced cell
Recipient host cell
Transducing phage
Phage with donor DNA(transducing phage)
Bacterial chromosome
BacteriophageHost bacterial cell(donor cell)
1
2
3
4
5
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Generalized transduction
bull Transducing phage carries random DNA segment
from donor to recipient
bull Specialized transduction
bull Only certain donor DNA sequences are transferred
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Generalized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Transfer of DNA from one cell to another via replicating
virus
bull Virus must be able to infect both donor and recipient cells
bull Virus that infects bacteria called a bacteriophage (phage)
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 734 Transduction
Phage injects its DNA
Phage enzymesdegrade host DNA
PhageDNA
Cell synthesizes newphages that incorporatephage DNA and mistakenlysome host DNA
Transducing phageinjects donor DNA
Donor DNA is incorporatedinto recipients chromosomeby recombination
InsertedDNA
Transduced cell
Recipient host cell
Transducing phage
Phage with donor DNA(transducing phage)
Bacterial chromosome
BacteriophageHost bacterial cell(donor cell)
1
2
3
4
5
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Generalized transduction
bull Transducing phage carries random DNA segment
from donor to recipient
bull Specialized transduction
bull Only certain donor DNA sequences are transferred
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Generalized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Transfer of DNA from one cell to another via replicating
virus
bull Virus must be able to infect both donor and recipient cells
bull Virus that infects bacteria called a bacteriophage (phage)
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 734 Transduction
Phage injects its DNA
Phage enzymesdegrade host DNA
PhageDNA
Cell synthesizes newphages that incorporatephage DNA and mistakenlysome host DNA
Transducing phageinjects donor DNA
Donor DNA is incorporatedinto recipients chromosomeby recombination
InsertedDNA
Transduced cell
Recipient host cell
Transducing phage
Phage with donor DNA(transducing phage)
Bacterial chromosome
BacteriophageHost bacterial cell(donor cell)
1
2
3
4
5
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Generalized transduction
bull Transducing phage carries random DNA segment
from donor to recipient
bull Specialized transduction
bull Only certain donor DNA sequences are transferred
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Generalized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Transfer of DNA from one cell to another via replicating
virus
bull Virus must be able to infect both donor and recipient cells
bull Virus that infects bacteria called a bacteriophage (phage)
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 734 Transduction
Phage injects its DNA
Phage enzymesdegrade host DNA
PhageDNA
Cell synthesizes newphages that incorporatephage DNA and mistakenlysome host DNA
Transducing phageinjects donor DNA
Donor DNA is incorporatedinto recipients chromosomeby recombination
InsertedDNA
Transduced cell
Recipient host cell
Transducing phage
Phage with donor DNA(transducing phage)
Bacterial chromosome
BacteriophageHost bacterial cell(donor cell)
1
2
3
4
5
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Generalized transduction
bull Transducing phage carries random DNA segment
from donor to recipient
bull Specialized transduction
bull Only certain donor DNA sequences are transferred
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Generalized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Transfer of DNA from one cell to another via replicating
virus
bull Virus must be able to infect both donor and recipient cells
bull Virus that infects bacteria called a bacteriophage (phage)
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 734 Transduction
Phage injects its DNA
Phage enzymesdegrade host DNA
PhageDNA
Cell synthesizes newphages that incorporatephage DNA and mistakenlysome host DNA
Transducing phageinjects donor DNA
Donor DNA is incorporatedinto recipients chromosomeby recombination
InsertedDNA
Transduced cell
Recipient host cell
Transducing phage
Phage with donor DNA(transducing phage)
Bacterial chromosome
BacteriophageHost bacterial cell(donor cell)
1
2
3
4
5
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Generalized transduction
bull Transducing phage carries random DNA segment
from donor to recipient
bull Specialized transduction
bull Only certain donor DNA sequences are transferred
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Generalized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Transfer of DNA from one cell to another via replicating
virus
bull Virus must be able to infect both donor and recipient cells
bull Virus that infects bacteria called a bacteriophage (phage)
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 734 Transduction
Phage injects its DNA
Phage enzymesdegrade host DNA
PhageDNA
Cell synthesizes newphages that incorporatephage DNA and mistakenlysome host DNA
Transducing phageinjects donor DNA
Donor DNA is incorporatedinto recipients chromosomeby recombination
InsertedDNA
Transduced cell
Recipient host cell
Transducing phage
Phage with donor DNA(transducing phage)
Bacterial chromosome
BacteriophageHost bacterial cell(donor cell)
1
2
3
4
5
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Generalized transduction
bull Transducing phage carries random DNA segment
from donor to recipient
bull Specialized transduction
bull Only certain donor DNA sequences are transferred
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Generalized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Transfer of DNA from one cell to another via replicating
virus
bull Virus must be able to infect both donor and recipient cells
bull Virus that infects bacteria called a bacteriophage (phage)
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 734 Transduction
Phage injects its DNA
Phage enzymesdegrade host DNA
PhageDNA
Cell synthesizes newphages that incorporatephage DNA and mistakenlysome host DNA
Transducing phageinjects donor DNA
Donor DNA is incorporatedinto recipients chromosomeby recombination
InsertedDNA
Transduced cell
Recipient host cell
Transducing phage
Phage with donor DNA(transducing phage)
Bacterial chromosome
BacteriophageHost bacterial cell(donor cell)
1
2
3
4
5
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Generalized transduction
bull Transducing phage carries random DNA segment
from donor to recipient
bull Specialized transduction
bull Only certain donor DNA sequences are transferred
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Generalized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Transfer of DNA from one cell to another via replicating
virus
bull Virus must be able to infect both donor and recipient cells
bull Virus that infects bacteria called a bacteriophage (phage)
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 734 Transduction
Phage injects its DNA
Phage enzymesdegrade host DNA
PhageDNA
Cell synthesizes newphages that incorporatephage DNA and mistakenlysome host DNA
Transducing phageinjects donor DNA
Donor DNA is incorporatedinto recipients chromosomeby recombination
InsertedDNA
Transduced cell
Recipient host cell
Transducing phage
Phage with donor DNA(transducing phage)
Bacterial chromosome
BacteriophageHost bacterial cell(donor cell)
1
2
3
4
5
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Generalized transduction
bull Transducing phage carries random DNA segment
from donor to recipient
bull Specialized transduction
bull Only certain donor DNA sequences are transferred
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Generalized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Transfer of DNA from one cell to another via replicating
virus
bull Virus must be able to infect both donor and recipient cells
bull Virus that infects bacteria called a bacteriophage (phage)
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 734 Transduction
Phage injects its DNA
Phage enzymesdegrade host DNA
PhageDNA
Cell synthesizes newphages that incorporatephage DNA and mistakenlysome host DNA
Transducing phageinjects donor DNA
Donor DNA is incorporatedinto recipients chromosomeby recombination
InsertedDNA
Transduced cell
Recipient host cell
Transducing phage
Phage with donor DNA(transducing phage)
Bacterial chromosome
BacteriophageHost bacterial cell(donor cell)
1
2
3
4
5
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Generalized transduction
bull Transducing phage carries random DNA segment
from donor to recipient
bull Specialized transduction
bull Only certain donor DNA sequences are transferred
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Generalized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Transfer of DNA from one cell to another via replicating
virus
bull Virus must be able to infect both donor and recipient cells
bull Virus that infects bacteria called a bacteriophage (phage)
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 734 Transduction
Phage injects its DNA
Phage enzymesdegrade host DNA
PhageDNA
Cell synthesizes newphages that incorporatephage DNA and mistakenlysome host DNA
Transducing phageinjects donor DNA
Donor DNA is incorporatedinto recipients chromosomeby recombination
InsertedDNA
Transduced cell
Recipient host cell
Transducing phage
Phage with donor DNA(transducing phage)
Bacterial chromosome
BacteriophageHost bacterial cell(donor cell)
1
2
3
4
5
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Generalized transduction
bull Transducing phage carries random DNA segment
from donor to recipient
bull Specialized transduction
bull Only certain donor DNA sequences are transferred
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Generalized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Transfer of DNA from one cell to another via replicating
virus
bull Virus must be able to infect both donor and recipient cells
bull Virus that infects bacteria called a bacteriophage (phage)
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 734 Transduction
Phage injects its DNA
Phage enzymesdegrade host DNA
PhageDNA
Cell synthesizes newphages that incorporatephage DNA and mistakenlysome host DNA
Transducing phageinjects donor DNA
Donor DNA is incorporatedinto recipients chromosomeby recombination
InsertedDNA
Transduced cell
Recipient host cell
Transducing phage
Phage with donor DNA(transducing phage)
Bacterial chromosome
BacteriophageHost bacterial cell(donor cell)
1
2
3
4
5
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Generalized transduction
bull Transducing phage carries random DNA segment
from donor to recipient
bull Specialized transduction
bull Only certain donor DNA sequences are transferred
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Generalized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Transfer of DNA from one cell to another via replicating
virus
bull Virus must be able to infect both donor and recipient cells
bull Virus that infects bacteria called a bacteriophage (phage)
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 734 Transduction
Phage injects its DNA
Phage enzymesdegrade host DNA
PhageDNA
Cell synthesizes newphages that incorporatephage DNA and mistakenlysome host DNA
Transducing phageinjects donor DNA
Donor DNA is incorporatedinto recipients chromosomeby recombination
InsertedDNA
Transduced cell
Recipient host cell
Transducing phage
Phage with donor DNA(transducing phage)
Bacterial chromosome
BacteriophageHost bacterial cell(donor cell)
1
2
3
4
5
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Generalized transduction
bull Transducing phage carries random DNA segment
from donor to recipient
bull Specialized transduction
bull Only certain donor DNA sequences are transferred
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Generalized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Transfer of DNA from one cell to another via replicating
virus
bull Virus must be able to infect both donor and recipient cells
bull Virus that infects bacteria called a bacteriophage (phage)
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 734 Transduction
Phage injects its DNA
Phage enzymesdegrade host DNA
PhageDNA
Cell synthesizes newphages that incorporatephage DNA and mistakenlysome host DNA
Transducing phageinjects donor DNA
Donor DNA is incorporatedinto recipients chromosomeby recombination
InsertedDNA
Transduced cell
Recipient host cell
Transducing phage
Phage with donor DNA(transducing phage)
Bacterial chromosome
BacteriophageHost bacterial cell(donor cell)
1
2
3
4
5
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Generalized transduction
bull Transducing phage carries random DNA segment
from donor to recipient
bull Specialized transduction
bull Only certain donor DNA sequences are transferred
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Generalized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Transfer of DNA from one cell to another via replicating
virus
bull Virus must be able to infect both donor and recipient cells
bull Virus that infects bacteria called a bacteriophage (phage)
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 734 Transduction
Phage injects its DNA
Phage enzymesdegrade host DNA
PhageDNA
Cell synthesizes newphages that incorporatephage DNA and mistakenlysome host DNA
Transducing phageinjects donor DNA
Donor DNA is incorporatedinto recipients chromosomeby recombination
InsertedDNA
Transduced cell
Recipient host cell
Transducing phage
Phage with donor DNA(transducing phage)
Bacterial chromosome
BacteriophageHost bacterial cell(donor cell)
1
2
3
4
5
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Generalized transduction
bull Transducing phage carries random DNA segment
from donor to recipient
bull Specialized transduction
bull Only certain donor DNA sequences are transferred
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Generalized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Transfer of DNA from one cell to another via replicating
virus
bull Virus must be able to infect both donor and recipient cells
bull Virus that infects bacteria called a bacteriophage (phage)
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 734 Transduction
Phage injects its DNA
Phage enzymesdegrade host DNA
PhageDNA
Cell synthesizes newphages that incorporatephage DNA and mistakenlysome host DNA
Transducing phageinjects donor DNA
Donor DNA is incorporatedinto recipients chromosomeby recombination
InsertedDNA
Transduced cell
Recipient host cell
Transducing phage
Phage with donor DNA(transducing phage)
Bacterial chromosome
BacteriophageHost bacterial cell(donor cell)
1
2
3
4
5
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Generalized transduction
bull Transducing phage carries random DNA segment
from donor to recipient
bull Specialized transduction
bull Only certain donor DNA sequences are transferred
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Generalized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Transfer of DNA from one cell to another via replicating
virus
bull Virus must be able to infect both donor and recipient cells
bull Virus that infects bacteria called a bacteriophage (phage)
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 734 Transduction
Phage injects its DNA
Phage enzymesdegrade host DNA
PhageDNA
Cell synthesizes newphages that incorporatephage DNA and mistakenlysome host DNA
Transducing phageinjects donor DNA
Donor DNA is incorporatedinto recipients chromosomeby recombination
InsertedDNA
Transduced cell
Recipient host cell
Transducing phage
Phage with donor DNA(transducing phage)
Bacterial chromosome
BacteriophageHost bacterial cell(donor cell)
1
2
3
4
5
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Generalized transduction
bull Transducing phage carries random DNA segment
from donor to recipient
bull Specialized transduction
bull Only certain donor DNA sequences are transferred
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Generalized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Transfer of DNA from one cell to another via replicating
virus
bull Virus must be able to infect both donor and recipient cells
bull Virus that infects bacteria called a bacteriophage (phage)
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 734 Transduction
Phage injects its DNA
Phage enzymesdegrade host DNA
PhageDNA
Cell synthesizes newphages that incorporatephage DNA and mistakenlysome host DNA
Transducing phageinjects donor DNA
Donor DNA is incorporatedinto recipients chromosomeby recombination
InsertedDNA
Transduced cell
Recipient host cell
Transducing phage
Phage with donor DNA(transducing phage)
Bacterial chromosome
BacteriophageHost bacterial cell(donor cell)
1
2
3
4
5
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Generalized transduction
bull Transducing phage carries random DNA segment
from donor to recipient
bull Specialized transduction
bull Only certain donor DNA sequences are transferred
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Generalized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Transfer of DNA from one cell to another via replicating
virus
bull Virus must be able to infect both donor and recipient cells
bull Virus that infects bacteria called a bacteriophage (phage)
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 734 Transduction
Phage injects its DNA
Phage enzymesdegrade host DNA
PhageDNA
Cell synthesizes newphages that incorporatephage DNA and mistakenlysome host DNA
Transducing phageinjects donor DNA
Donor DNA is incorporatedinto recipients chromosomeby recombination
InsertedDNA
Transduced cell
Recipient host cell
Transducing phage
Phage with donor DNA(transducing phage)
Bacterial chromosome
BacteriophageHost bacterial cell(donor cell)
1
2
3
4
5
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Generalized transduction
bull Transducing phage carries random DNA segment
from donor to recipient
bull Specialized transduction
bull Only certain donor DNA sequences are transferred
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Generalized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Transfer of DNA from one cell to another via replicating
virus
bull Virus must be able to infect both donor and recipient cells
bull Virus that infects bacteria called a bacteriophage (phage)
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 734 Transduction
Phage injects its DNA
Phage enzymesdegrade host DNA
PhageDNA
Cell synthesizes newphages that incorporatephage DNA and mistakenlysome host DNA
Transducing phageinjects donor DNA
Donor DNA is incorporatedinto recipients chromosomeby recombination
InsertedDNA
Transduced cell
Recipient host cell
Transducing phage
Phage with donor DNA(transducing phage)
Bacterial chromosome
BacteriophageHost bacterial cell(donor cell)
1
2
3
4
5
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Generalized transduction
bull Transducing phage carries random DNA segment
from donor to recipient
bull Specialized transduction
bull Only certain donor DNA sequences are transferred
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Generalized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Transfer of DNA from one cell to another via replicating
virus
bull Virus must be able to infect both donor and recipient cells
bull Virus that infects bacteria called a bacteriophage (phage)
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 734 Transduction
Phage injects its DNA
Phage enzymesdegrade host DNA
PhageDNA
Cell synthesizes newphages that incorporatephage DNA and mistakenlysome host DNA
Transducing phageinjects donor DNA
Donor DNA is incorporatedinto recipients chromosomeby recombination
InsertedDNA
Transduced cell
Recipient host cell
Transducing phage
Phage with donor DNA(transducing phage)
Bacterial chromosome
BacteriophageHost bacterial cell(donor cell)
1
2
3
4
5
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Generalized transduction
bull Transducing phage carries random DNA segment
from donor to recipient
bull Specialized transduction
bull Only certain donor DNA sequences are transferred
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Generalized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Transfer of DNA from one cell to another via replicating
virus
bull Virus must be able to infect both donor and recipient cells
bull Virus that infects bacteria called a bacteriophage (phage)
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 734 Transduction
Phage injects its DNA
Phage enzymesdegrade host DNA
PhageDNA
Cell synthesizes newphages that incorporatephage DNA and mistakenlysome host DNA
Transducing phageinjects donor DNA
Donor DNA is incorporatedinto recipients chromosomeby recombination
InsertedDNA
Transduced cell
Recipient host cell
Transducing phage
Phage with donor DNA(transducing phage)
Bacterial chromosome
BacteriophageHost bacterial cell(donor cell)
1
2
3
4
5
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Generalized transduction
bull Transducing phage carries random DNA segment
from donor to recipient
bull Specialized transduction
bull Only certain donor DNA sequences are transferred
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Generalized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Transfer of DNA from one cell to another via replicating
virus
bull Virus must be able to infect both donor and recipient cells
bull Virus that infects bacteria called a bacteriophage (phage)
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 734 Transduction
Phage injects its DNA
Phage enzymesdegrade host DNA
PhageDNA
Cell synthesizes newphages that incorporatephage DNA and mistakenlysome host DNA
Transducing phageinjects donor DNA
Donor DNA is incorporatedinto recipients chromosomeby recombination
InsertedDNA
Transduced cell
Recipient host cell
Transducing phage
Phage with donor DNA(transducing phage)
Bacterial chromosome
BacteriophageHost bacterial cell(donor cell)
1
2
3
4
5
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Generalized transduction
bull Transducing phage carries random DNA segment
from donor to recipient
bull Specialized transduction
bull Only certain donor DNA sequences are transferred
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Generalized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Transfer of DNA from one cell to another via replicating
virus
bull Virus must be able to infect both donor and recipient cells
bull Virus that infects bacteria called a bacteriophage (phage)
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 734 Transduction
Phage injects its DNA
Phage enzymesdegrade host DNA
PhageDNA
Cell synthesizes newphages that incorporatephage DNA and mistakenlysome host DNA
Transducing phageinjects donor DNA
Donor DNA is incorporatedinto recipients chromosomeby recombination
InsertedDNA
Transduced cell
Recipient host cell
Transducing phage
Phage with donor DNA(transducing phage)
Bacterial chromosome
BacteriophageHost bacterial cell(donor cell)
1
2
3
4
5
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Generalized transduction
bull Transducing phage carries random DNA segment
from donor to recipient
bull Specialized transduction
bull Only certain donor DNA sequences are transferred
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Generalized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Transfer of DNA from one cell to another via replicating
virus
bull Virus must be able to infect both donor and recipient cells
bull Virus that infects bacteria called a bacteriophage (phage)
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 734 Transduction
Phage injects its DNA
Phage enzymesdegrade host DNA
PhageDNA
Cell synthesizes newphages that incorporatephage DNA and mistakenlysome host DNA
Transducing phageinjects donor DNA
Donor DNA is incorporatedinto recipients chromosomeby recombination
InsertedDNA
Transduced cell
Recipient host cell
Transducing phage
Phage with donor DNA(transducing phage)
Bacterial chromosome
BacteriophageHost bacterial cell(donor cell)
1
2
3
4
5
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Generalized transduction
bull Transducing phage carries random DNA segment
from donor to recipient
bull Specialized transduction
bull Only certain donor DNA sequences are transferred
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Generalized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Transfer of DNA from one cell to another via replicating
virus
bull Virus must be able to infect both donor and recipient cells
bull Virus that infects bacteria called a bacteriophage (phage)
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 734 Transduction
Phage injects its DNA
Phage enzymesdegrade host DNA
PhageDNA
Cell synthesizes newphages that incorporatephage DNA and mistakenlysome host DNA
Transducing phageinjects donor DNA
Donor DNA is incorporatedinto recipients chromosomeby recombination
InsertedDNA
Transduced cell
Recipient host cell
Transducing phage
Phage with donor DNA(transducing phage)
Bacterial chromosome
BacteriophageHost bacterial cell(donor cell)
1
2
3
4
5
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Generalized transduction
bull Transducing phage carries random DNA segment
from donor to recipient
bull Specialized transduction
bull Only certain donor DNA sequences are transferred
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Generalized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Transfer of DNA from one cell to another via replicating
virus
bull Virus must be able to infect both donor and recipient cells
bull Virus that infects bacteria called a bacteriophage (phage)
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 734 Transduction
Phage injects its DNA
Phage enzymesdegrade host DNA
PhageDNA
Cell synthesizes newphages that incorporatephage DNA and mistakenlysome host DNA
Transducing phageinjects donor DNA
Donor DNA is incorporatedinto recipients chromosomeby recombination
InsertedDNA
Transduced cell
Recipient host cell
Transducing phage
Phage with donor DNA(transducing phage)
Bacterial chromosome
BacteriophageHost bacterial cell(donor cell)
1
2
3
4
5
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Generalized transduction
bull Transducing phage carries random DNA segment
from donor to recipient
bull Specialized transduction
bull Only certain donor DNA sequences are transferred
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Generalized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Transfer of DNA from one cell to another via replicating
virus
bull Virus must be able to infect both donor and recipient cells
bull Virus that infects bacteria called a bacteriophage (phage)
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 734 Transduction
Phage injects its DNA
Phage enzymesdegrade host DNA
PhageDNA
Cell synthesizes newphages that incorporatephage DNA and mistakenlysome host DNA
Transducing phageinjects donor DNA
Donor DNA is incorporatedinto recipients chromosomeby recombination
InsertedDNA
Transduced cell
Recipient host cell
Transducing phage
Phage with donor DNA(transducing phage)
Bacterial chromosome
BacteriophageHost bacterial cell(donor cell)
1
2
3
4
5
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Generalized transduction
bull Transducing phage carries random DNA segment
from donor to recipient
bull Specialized transduction
bull Only certain donor DNA sequences are transferred
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Generalized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Transfer of DNA from one cell to another via replicating
virus
bull Virus must be able to infect both donor and recipient cells
bull Virus that infects bacteria called a bacteriophage (phage)
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 734 Transduction
Phage injects its DNA
Phage enzymesdegrade host DNA
PhageDNA
Cell synthesizes newphages that incorporatephage DNA and mistakenlysome host DNA
Transducing phageinjects donor DNA
Donor DNA is incorporatedinto recipients chromosomeby recombination
InsertedDNA
Transduced cell
Recipient host cell
Transducing phage
Phage with donor DNA(transducing phage)
Bacterial chromosome
BacteriophageHost bacterial cell(donor cell)
1
2
3
4
5
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Generalized transduction
bull Transducing phage carries random DNA segment
from donor to recipient
bull Specialized transduction
bull Only certain donor DNA sequences are transferred
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Generalized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Transfer of DNA from one cell to another via replicating
virus
bull Virus must be able to infect both donor and recipient cells
bull Virus that infects bacteria called a bacteriophage (phage)
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 734 Transduction
Phage injects its DNA
Phage enzymesdegrade host DNA
PhageDNA
Cell synthesizes newphages that incorporatephage DNA and mistakenlysome host DNA
Transducing phageinjects donor DNA
Donor DNA is incorporatedinto recipients chromosomeby recombination
InsertedDNA
Transduced cell
Recipient host cell
Transducing phage
Phage with donor DNA(transducing phage)
Bacterial chromosome
BacteriophageHost bacterial cell(donor cell)
1
2
3
4
5
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Generalized transduction
bull Transducing phage carries random DNA segment
from donor to recipient
bull Specialized transduction
bull Only certain donor DNA sequences are transferred
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Generalized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Transfer of DNA from one cell to another via replicating
virus
bull Virus must be able to infect both donor and recipient cells
bull Virus that infects bacteria called a bacteriophage (phage)
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 734 Transduction
Phage injects its DNA
Phage enzymesdegrade host DNA
PhageDNA
Cell synthesizes newphages that incorporatephage DNA and mistakenlysome host DNA
Transducing phageinjects donor DNA
Donor DNA is incorporatedinto recipients chromosomeby recombination
InsertedDNA
Transduced cell
Recipient host cell
Transducing phage
Phage with donor DNA(transducing phage)
Bacterial chromosome
BacteriophageHost bacterial cell(donor cell)
1
2
3
4
5
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Generalized transduction
bull Transducing phage carries random DNA segment
from donor to recipient
bull Specialized transduction
bull Only certain donor DNA sequences are transferred
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Generalized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Transfer of DNA from one cell to another via replicating
virus
bull Virus must be able to infect both donor and recipient cells
bull Virus that infects bacteria called a bacteriophage (phage)
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 734 Transduction
Phage injects its DNA
Phage enzymesdegrade host DNA
PhageDNA
Cell synthesizes newphages that incorporatephage DNA and mistakenlysome host DNA
Transducing phageinjects donor DNA
Donor DNA is incorporatedinto recipients chromosomeby recombination
InsertedDNA
Transduced cell
Recipient host cell
Transducing phage
Phage with donor DNA(transducing phage)
Bacterial chromosome
BacteriophageHost bacterial cell(donor cell)
1
2
3
4
5
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Generalized transduction
bull Transducing phage carries random DNA segment
from donor to recipient
bull Specialized transduction
bull Only certain donor DNA sequences are transferred
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Generalized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Transfer of DNA from one cell to another via replicating
virus
bull Virus must be able to infect both donor and recipient cells
bull Virus that infects bacteria called a bacteriophage (phage)
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 734 Transduction
Phage injects its DNA
Phage enzymesdegrade host DNA
PhageDNA
Cell synthesizes newphages that incorporatephage DNA and mistakenlysome host DNA
Transducing phageinjects donor DNA
Donor DNA is incorporatedinto recipients chromosomeby recombination
InsertedDNA
Transduced cell
Recipient host cell
Transducing phage
Phage with donor DNA(transducing phage)
Bacterial chromosome
BacteriophageHost bacterial cell(donor cell)
1
2
3
4
5
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Generalized transduction
bull Transducing phage carries random DNA segment
from donor to recipient
bull Specialized transduction
bull Only certain donor DNA sequences are transferred
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Generalized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Transfer of DNA from one cell to another via replicating
virus
bull Virus must be able to infect both donor and recipient cells
bull Virus that infects bacteria called a bacteriophage (phage)
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 734 Transduction
Phage injects its DNA
Phage enzymesdegrade host DNA
PhageDNA
Cell synthesizes newphages that incorporatephage DNA and mistakenlysome host DNA
Transducing phageinjects donor DNA
Donor DNA is incorporatedinto recipients chromosomeby recombination
InsertedDNA
Transduced cell
Recipient host cell
Transducing phage
Phage with donor DNA(transducing phage)
Bacterial chromosome
BacteriophageHost bacterial cell(donor cell)
1
2
3
4
5
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Generalized transduction
bull Transducing phage carries random DNA segment
from donor to recipient
bull Specialized transduction
bull Only certain donor DNA sequences are transferred
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Generalized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Transfer of DNA from one cell to another via replicating
virus
bull Virus must be able to infect both donor and recipient cells
bull Virus that infects bacteria called a bacteriophage (phage)
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 734 Transduction
Phage injects its DNA
Phage enzymesdegrade host DNA
PhageDNA
Cell synthesizes newphages that incorporatephage DNA and mistakenlysome host DNA
Transducing phageinjects donor DNA
Donor DNA is incorporatedinto recipients chromosomeby recombination
InsertedDNA
Transduced cell
Recipient host cell
Transducing phage
Phage with donor DNA(transducing phage)
Bacterial chromosome
BacteriophageHost bacterial cell(donor cell)
1
2
3
4
5
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Generalized transduction
bull Transducing phage carries random DNA segment
from donor to recipient
bull Specialized transduction
bull Only certain donor DNA sequences are transferred
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Generalized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Transfer of DNA from one cell to another via replicating
virus
bull Virus must be able to infect both donor and recipient cells
bull Virus that infects bacteria called a bacteriophage (phage)
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 734 Transduction
Phage injects its DNA
Phage enzymesdegrade host DNA
PhageDNA
Cell synthesizes newphages that incorporatephage DNA and mistakenlysome host DNA
Transducing phageinjects donor DNA
Donor DNA is incorporatedinto recipients chromosomeby recombination
InsertedDNA
Transduced cell
Recipient host cell
Transducing phage
Phage with donor DNA(transducing phage)
Bacterial chromosome
BacteriophageHost bacterial cell(donor cell)
1
2
3
4
5
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Generalized transduction
bull Transducing phage carries random DNA segment
from donor to recipient
bull Specialized transduction
bull Only certain donor DNA sequences are transferred
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Generalized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Transfer of DNA from one cell to another via replicating
virus
bull Virus must be able to infect both donor and recipient cells
bull Virus that infects bacteria called a bacteriophage (phage)
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 734 Transduction
Phage injects its DNA
Phage enzymesdegrade host DNA
PhageDNA
Cell synthesizes newphages that incorporatephage DNA and mistakenlysome host DNA
Transducing phageinjects donor DNA
Donor DNA is incorporatedinto recipients chromosomeby recombination
InsertedDNA
Transduced cell
Recipient host cell
Transducing phage
Phage with donor DNA(transducing phage)
Bacterial chromosome
BacteriophageHost bacterial cell(donor cell)
1
2
3
4
5
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Generalized transduction
bull Transducing phage carries random DNA segment
from donor to recipient
bull Specialized transduction
bull Only certain donor DNA sequences are transferred
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Generalized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Transfer of DNA from one cell to another via replicating
virus
bull Virus must be able to infect both donor and recipient cells
bull Virus that infects bacteria called a bacteriophage (phage)
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 734 Transduction
Phage injects its DNA
Phage enzymesdegrade host DNA
PhageDNA
Cell synthesizes newphages that incorporatephage DNA and mistakenlysome host DNA
Transducing phageinjects donor DNA
Donor DNA is incorporatedinto recipients chromosomeby recombination
InsertedDNA
Transduced cell
Recipient host cell
Transducing phage
Phage with donor DNA(transducing phage)
Bacterial chromosome
BacteriophageHost bacterial cell(donor cell)
1
2
3
4
5
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Generalized transduction
bull Transducing phage carries random DNA segment
from donor to recipient
bull Specialized transduction
bull Only certain donor DNA sequences are transferred
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Generalized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
Figure 74 Semiconservative model of DNA replication
Figure 75 The dual role of triphosphate deoxyribonucleotides
The Structure and Replication of Genomes (7)
Figure 76a DNA replication
DNA Replication Replication Proteins
Figure 76b-c DNA replication
DNA Replication Forming the Replication Fork
DNA Replication Synthesis
The Structure and Replication of Genomes (8)
Figure 77 The bidirectionality of DNA replication in prokaryo
The Structure and Replication of Genomes (9)
The Structure and Replication of Genomes (10)
Gene Function
Gene Function (2)
Figure 78 The central dogma of genetics
Transcription Overview
Translation Overview
Gene Function (3)
Figure 79a The events in the transcription of RNA in prokaryo
Figure 79b The events in the transcription of RNA in prokaryo
Figure 710 Concurrent RNA transcription
Figure 79c The events in the transcription of RNA in prokaryo
Transcription The Process
Gene Function (4)
Figure 711 Processing eukaryotic mRNA
Gene Function (5)
Figure 712 The genetic code
Translation Genetic Code
Slide 42
Gene Function (6)
Figure 713 A single prokaryotic mRNA can code for several pol
Figure 714 Transfer RNA
Figure 715 Ribosomal structures
Figure 716 Assembled ribosome and its tRNA-binding sites
Gene Function (7)
Figure 717 The initiation of translation in prokaryotes
Figure 718 The elongation stage of translation
Figure 719 In prokaryotes a polyribosomemdashone mRNA and many ri
Gene Function (8)
Translation The Process
Gene Function (9)
Slide 55
Protein Synthesis
Gene Function (10)
Gene Function (11)
Gene Function (12)
Figure 720 An operon
Gene Function (13)
Operons Overview
Figure 721 The lac operon an inducible operon
Figure 722 CAP-cAMP enhances lac transcription
Operons Induction
Figure 723 The trp operon a repressible operon
Operons Repression
Slide 68
Gene Function (14)
Gene Function (15)
Gene Function (16)
Mutations of Genes
Mutations of Genes (2)
Mutations Types
Figure 724 The effects of the various types of point mutation
Slide 76
Mutations of Genes (3)
Mutagens
Figure 725 A pyrimidine (in this case thymine) dimer
Figure 726 The structure and effects of a nucleotide analog
Figure 727 The action of a frameshift mutagen
Mutations of Genes (4)
Mutations Repair
Figure 728a-b DNA repair mechanisms
Figure 728c-d DNA repair mechanisms
Mutations of Genes (5)
Figure 729 Positive selection of mutants
Figure 730 The use of negative (indirect) selection to isolat
Figure 731 The Ames test
Mutations of Genes (6)
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
Figure 732 Genetic recombination
Genetic Recombination and Transfer (2)
Horizontal Gene Transfer Overview
Genetic Recombination and Transfer (3)
Figure 733 Transformation of Streptococcus pneumoniae
Transformation
Genetic Recombination and Transfer (4)
Figure 734 Transduction
Genetic Recombination and Transfer (5)
Transduction Generalized Transduction
Transduction Specialized Transduction
Genetic Recombination and Transfer (6)
Conjugation Overview
Conjugation F Factor
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cell
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
Slide 110
Genetic Recombination and Transfer (7)
Figure 737 Transposition
Transposons Overview
Genetic Recombination and Transfer (8)
Figure 738 Transposons
Transposons Insertion Sequences
Transposons Complex Transposons
Genetic Recombination and Transfer (9)
Important topics
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transformation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Transfer of DNA from one cell to another via replicating
virus
bull Virus must be able to infect both donor and recipient cells
bull Virus that infects bacteria called a bacteriophage (phage)
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 734 Transduction
Phage injects its DNA
Phage enzymesdegrade host DNA
PhageDNA
Cell synthesizes newphages that incorporatephage DNA and mistakenlysome host DNA
Transducing phageinjects donor DNA
Donor DNA is incorporatedinto recipients chromosomeby recombination
InsertedDNA
Transduced cell
Recipient host cell
Transducing phage
Phage with donor DNA(transducing phage)
Bacterial chromosome
BacteriophageHost bacterial cell(donor cell)
1
2
3
4
5
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Generalized transduction
bull Transducing phage carries random DNA segment
from donor to recipient
bull Specialized transduction
bull Only certain donor DNA sequences are transferred
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Generalized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
Figure 74 Semiconservative model of DNA replication
Figure 75 The dual role of triphosphate deoxyribonucleotides
The Structure and Replication of Genomes (7)
Figure 76a DNA replication
DNA Replication Replication Proteins
Figure 76b-c DNA replication
DNA Replication Forming the Replication Fork
DNA Replication Synthesis
The Structure and Replication of Genomes (8)
Figure 77 The bidirectionality of DNA replication in prokaryo
The Structure and Replication of Genomes (9)
The Structure and Replication of Genomes (10)
Gene Function
Gene Function (2)
Figure 78 The central dogma of genetics
Transcription Overview
Translation Overview
Gene Function (3)
Figure 79a The events in the transcription of RNA in prokaryo
Figure 79b The events in the transcription of RNA in prokaryo
Figure 710 Concurrent RNA transcription
Figure 79c The events in the transcription of RNA in prokaryo
Transcription The Process
Gene Function (4)
Figure 711 Processing eukaryotic mRNA
Gene Function (5)
Figure 712 The genetic code
Translation Genetic Code
Slide 42
Gene Function (6)
Figure 713 A single prokaryotic mRNA can code for several pol
Figure 714 Transfer RNA
Figure 715 Ribosomal structures
Figure 716 Assembled ribosome and its tRNA-binding sites
Gene Function (7)
Figure 717 The initiation of translation in prokaryotes
Figure 718 The elongation stage of translation
Figure 719 In prokaryotes a polyribosomemdashone mRNA and many ri
Gene Function (8)
Translation The Process
Gene Function (9)
Slide 55
Protein Synthesis
Gene Function (10)
Gene Function (11)
Gene Function (12)
Figure 720 An operon
Gene Function (13)
Operons Overview
Figure 721 The lac operon an inducible operon
Figure 722 CAP-cAMP enhances lac transcription
Operons Induction
Figure 723 The trp operon a repressible operon
Operons Repression
Slide 68
Gene Function (14)
Gene Function (15)
Gene Function (16)
Mutations of Genes
Mutations of Genes (2)
Mutations Types
Figure 724 The effects of the various types of point mutation
Slide 76
Mutations of Genes (3)
Mutagens
Figure 725 A pyrimidine (in this case thymine) dimer
Figure 726 The structure and effects of a nucleotide analog
Figure 727 The action of a frameshift mutagen
Mutations of Genes (4)
Mutations Repair
Figure 728a-b DNA repair mechanisms
Figure 728c-d DNA repair mechanisms
Mutations of Genes (5)
Figure 729 Positive selection of mutants
Figure 730 The use of negative (indirect) selection to isolat
Figure 731 The Ames test
Mutations of Genes (6)
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
Figure 732 Genetic recombination
Genetic Recombination and Transfer (2)
Horizontal Gene Transfer Overview
Genetic Recombination and Transfer (3)
Figure 733 Transformation of Streptococcus pneumoniae
Transformation
Genetic Recombination and Transfer (4)
Figure 734 Transduction
Genetic Recombination and Transfer (5)
Transduction Generalized Transduction
Transduction Specialized Transduction
Genetic Recombination and Transfer (6)
Conjugation Overview
Conjugation F Factor
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cell
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
Slide 110
Genetic Recombination and Transfer (7)
Figure 737 Transposition
Transposons Overview
Genetic Recombination and Transfer (8)
Figure 738 Transposons
Transposons Insertion Sequences
Transposons Complex Transposons
Genetic Recombination and Transfer (9)
Important topics
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Transfer of DNA from one cell to another via replicating
virus
bull Virus must be able to infect both donor and recipient cells
bull Virus that infects bacteria called a bacteriophage (phage)
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 734 Transduction
Phage injects its DNA
Phage enzymesdegrade host DNA
PhageDNA
Cell synthesizes newphages that incorporatephage DNA and mistakenlysome host DNA
Transducing phageinjects donor DNA
Donor DNA is incorporatedinto recipients chromosomeby recombination
InsertedDNA
Transduced cell
Recipient host cell
Transducing phage
Phage with donor DNA(transducing phage)
Bacterial chromosome
BacteriophageHost bacterial cell(donor cell)
1
2
3
4
5
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Generalized transduction
bull Transducing phage carries random DNA segment
from donor to recipient
bull Specialized transduction
bull Only certain donor DNA sequences are transferred
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Generalized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
Figure 74 Semiconservative model of DNA replication
Figure 75 The dual role of triphosphate deoxyribonucleotides
The Structure and Replication of Genomes (7)
Figure 76a DNA replication
DNA Replication Replication Proteins
Figure 76b-c DNA replication
DNA Replication Forming the Replication Fork
DNA Replication Synthesis
The Structure and Replication of Genomes (8)
Figure 77 The bidirectionality of DNA replication in prokaryo
The Structure and Replication of Genomes (9)
The Structure and Replication of Genomes (10)
Gene Function
Gene Function (2)
Figure 78 The central dogma of genetics
Transcription Overview
Translation Overview
Gene Function (3)
Figure 79a The events in the transcription of RNA in prokaryo
Figure 79b The events in the transcription of RNA in prokaryo
Figure 710 Concurrent RNA transcription
Figure 79c The events in the transcription of RNA in prokaryo
Transcription The Process
Gene Function (4)
Figure 711 Processing eukaryotic mRNA
Gene Function (5)
Figure 712 The genetic code
Translation Genetic Code
Slide 42
Gene Function (6)
Figure 713 A single prokaryotic mRNA can code for several pol
Figure 714 Transfer RNA
Figure 715 Ribosomal structures
Figure 716 Assembled ribosome and its tRNA-binding sites
Gene Function (7)
Figure 717 The initiation of translation in prokaryotes
Figure 718 The elongation stage of translation
Figure 719 In prokaryotes a polyribosomemdashone mRNA and many ri
Gene Function (8)
Translation The Process
Gene Function (9)
Slide 55
Protein Synthesis
Gene Function (10)
Gene Function (11)
Gene Function (12)
Figure 720 An operon
Gene Function (13)
Operons Overview
Figure 721 The lac operon an inducible operon
Figure 722 CAP-cAMP enhances lac transcription
Operons Induction
Figure 723 The trp operon a repressible operon
Operons Repression
Slide 68
Gene Function (14)
Gene Function (15)
Gene Function (16)
Mutations of Genes
Mutations of Genes (2)
Mutations Types
Figure 724 The effects of the various types of point mutation
Slide 76
Mutations of Genes (3)
Mutagens
Figure 725 A pyrimidine (in this case thymine) dimer
Figure 726 The structure and effects of a nucleotide analog
Figure 727 The action of a frameshift mutagen
Mutations of Genes (4)
Mutations Repair
Figure 728a-b DNA repair mechanisms
Figure 728c-d DNA repair mechanisms
Mutations of Genes (5)
Figure 729 Positive selection of mutants
Figure 730 The use of negative (indirect) selection to isolat
Figure 731 The Ames test
Mutations of Genes (6)
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
Figure 732 Genetic recombination
Genetic Recombination and Transfer (2)
Horizontal Gene Transfer Overview
Genetic Recombination and Transfer (3)
Figure 733 Transformation of Streptococcus pneumoniae
Transformation
Genetic Recombination and Transfer (4)
Figure 734 Transduction
Genetic Recombination and Transfer (5)
Transduction Generalized Transduction
Transduction Specialized Transduction
Genetic Recombination and Transfer (6)
Conjugation Overview
Conjugation F Factor
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cell
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
Slide 110
Genetic Recombination and Transfer (7)
Figure 737 Transposition
Transposons Overview
Genetic Recombination and Transfer (8)
Figure 738 Transposons
Transposons Insertion Sequences
Transposons Complex Transposons
Genetic Recombination and Transfer (9)
Important topics
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 734 Transduction
Phage injects its DNA
Phage enzymesdegrade host DNA
PhageDNA
Cell synthesizes newphages that incorporatephage DNA and mistakenlysome host DNA
Transducing phageinjects donor DNA
Donor DNA is incorporatedinto recipients chromosomeby recombination
InsertedDNA
Transduced cell
Recipient host cell
Transducing phage
Phage with donor DNA(transducing phage)
Bacterial chromosome
BacteriophageHost bacterial cell(donor cell)
1
2
3
4
5
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Generalized transduction
bull Transducing phage carries random DNA segment
from donor to recipient
bull Specialized transduction
bull Only certain donor DNA sequences are transferred
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Generalized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
Figure 74 Semiconservative model of DNA replication
Figure 75 The dual role of triphosphate deoxyribonucleotides
The Structure and Replication of Genomes (7)
Figure 76a DNA replication
DNA Replication Replication Proteins
Figure 76b-c DNA replication
DNA Replication Forming the Replication Fork
DNA Replication Synthesis
The Structure and Replication of Genomes (8)
Figure 77 The bidirectionality of DNA replication in prokaryo
The Structure and Replication of Genomes (9)
The Structure and Replication of Genomes (10)
Gene Function
Gene Function (2)
Figure 78 The central dogma of genetics
Transcription Overview
Translation Overview
Gene Function (3)
Figure 79a The events in the transcription of RNA in prokaryo
Figure 79b The events in the transcription of RNA in prokaryo
Figure 710 Concurrent RNA transcription
Figure 79c The events in the transcription of RNA in prokaryo
Transcription The Process
Gene Function (4)
Figure 711 Processing eukaryotic mRNA
Gene Function (5)
Figure 712 The genetic code
Translation Genetic Code
Slide 42
Gene Function (6)
Figure 713 A single prokaryotic mRNA can code for several pol
Figure 714 Transfer RNA
Figure 715 Ribosomal structures
Figure 716 Assembled ribosome and its tRNA-binding sites
Gene Function (7)
Figure 717 The initiation of translation in prokaryotes
Figure 718 The elongation stage of translation
Figure 719 In prokaryotes a polyribosomemdashone mRNA and many ri
Gene Function (8)
Translation The Process
Gene Function (9)
Slide 55
Protein Synthesis
Gene Function (10)
Gene Function (11)
Gene Function (12)
Figure 720 An operon
Gene Function (13)
Operons Overview
Figure 721 The lac operon an inducible operon
Figure 722 CAP-cAMP enhances lac transcription
Operons Induction
Figure 723 The trp operon a repressible operon
Operons Repression
Slide 68
Gene Function (14)
Gene Function (15)
Gene Function (16)
Mutations of Genes
Mutations of Genes (2)
Mutations Types
Figure 724 The effects of the various types of point mutation
Slide 76
Mutations of Genes (3)
Mutagens
Figure 725 A pyrimidine (in this case thymine) dimer
Figure 726 The structure and effects of a nucleotide analog
Figure 727 The action of a frameshift mutagen
Mutations of Genes (4)
Mutations Repair
Figure 728a-b DNA repair mechanisms
Figure 728c-d DNA repair mechanisms
Mutations of Genes (5)
Figure 729 Positive selection of mutants
Figure 730 The use of negative (indirect) selection to isolat
Figure 731 The Ames test
Mutations of Genes (6)
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
Figure 732 Genetic recombination
Genetic Recombination and Transfer (2)
Horizontal Gene Transfer Overview
Genetic Recombination and Transfer (3)
Figure 733 Transformation of Streptococcus pneumoniae
Transformation
Genetic Recombination and Transfer (4)
Figure 734 Transduction
Genetic Recombination and Transfer (5)
Transduction Generalized Transduction
Transduction Specialized Transduction
Genetic Recombination and Transfer (6)
Conjugation Overview
Conjugation F Factor
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cell
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
Slide 110
Genetic Recombination and Transfer (7)
Figure 737 Transposition
Transposons Overview
Genetic Recombination and Transfer (8)
Figure 738 Transposons
Transposons Insertion Sequences
Transposons Complex Transposons
Genetic Recombination and Transfer (9)
Important topics
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Transduction
bull Generalized transduction
bull Transducing phage carries random DNA segment
from donor to recipient
bull Specialized transduction
bull Only certain donor DNA sequences are transferred
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Generalized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
Figure 74 Semiconservative model of DNA replication
Figure 75 The dual role of triphosphate deoxyribonucleotides
The Structure and Replication of Genomes (7)
Figure 76a DNA replication
DNA Replication Replication Proteins
Figure 76b-c DNA replication
DNA Replication Forming the Replication Fork
DNA Replication Synthesis
The Structure and Replication of Genomes (8)
Figure 77 The bidirectionality of DNA replication in prokaryo
The Structure and Replication of Genomes (9)
The Structure and Replication of Genomes (10)
Gene Function
Gene Function (2)
Figure 78 The central dogma of genetics
Transcription Overview
Translation Overview
Gene Function (3)
Figure 79a The events in the transcription of RNA in prokaryo
Figure 79b The events in the transcription of RNA in prokaryo
Figure 710 Concurrent RNA transcription
Figure 79c The events in the transcription of RNA in prokaryo
Transcription The Process
Gene Function (4)
Figure 711 Processing eukaryotic mRNA
Gene Function (5)
Figure 712 The genetic code
Translation Genetic Code
Slide 42
Gene Function (6)
Figure 713 A single prokaryotic mRNA can code for several pol
Figure 714 Transfer RNA
Figure 715 Ribosomal structures
Figure 716 Assembled ribosome and its tRNA-binding sites
Gene Function (7)
Figure 717 The initiation of translation in prokaryotes
Figure 718 The elongation stage of translation
Figure 719 In prokaryotes a polyribosomemdashone mRNA and many ri
Gene Function (8)
Translation The Process
Gene Function (9)
Slide 55
Protein Synthesis
Gene Function (10)
Gene Function (11)
Gene Function (12)
Figure 720 An operon
Gene Function (13)
Operons Overview
Figure 721 The lac operon an inducible operon
Figure 722 CAP-cAMP enhances lac transcription
Operons Induction
Figure 723 The trp operon a repressible operon
Operons Repression
Slide 68
Gene Function (14)
Gene Function (15)
Gene Function (16)
Mutations of Genes
Mutations of Genes (2)
Mutations Types
Figure 724 The effects of the various types of point mutation
Slide 76
Mutations of Genes (3)
Mutagens
Figure 725 A pyrimidine (in this case thymine) dimer
Figure 726 The structure and effects of a nucleotide analog
Figure 727 The action of a frameshift mutagen
Mutations of Genes (4)
Mutations Repair
Figure 728a-b DNA repair mechanisms
Figure 728c-d DNA repair mechanisms
Mutations of Genes (5)
Figure 729 Positive selection of mutants
Figure 730 The use of negative (indirect) selection to isolat
Figure 731 The Ames test
Mutations of Genes (6)
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
Figure 732 Genetic recombination
Genetic Recombination and Transfer (2)
Horizontal Gene Transfer Overview
Genetic Recombination and Transfer (3)
Figure 733 Transformation of Streptococcus pneumoniae
Transformation
Genetic Recombination and Transfer (4)
Figure 734 Transduction
Genetic Recombination and Transfer (5)
Transduction Generalized Transduction
Transduction Specialized Transduction
Genetic Recombination and Transfer (6)
Conjugation Overview
Conjugation F Factor
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cell
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
Slide 110
Genetic Recombination and Transfer (7)
Figure 737 Transposition
Transposons Overview
Genetic Recombination and Transfer (8)
Figure 738 Transposons
Transposons Insertion Sequences
Transposons Complex Transposons
Genetic Recombination and Transfer (9)
Important topics
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Generalized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
Figure 74 Semiconservative model of DNA replication
Figure 75 The dual role of triphosphate deoxyribonucleotides
The Structure and Replication of Genomes (7)
Figure 76a DNA replication
DNA Replication Replication Proteins
Figure 76b-c DNA replication
DNA Replication Forming the Replication Fork
DNA Replication Synthesis
The Structure and Replication of Genomes (8)
Figure 77 The bidirectionality of DNA replication in prokaryo
The Structure and Replication of Genomes (9)
The Structure and Replication of Genomes (10)
Gene Function
Gene Function (2)
Figure 78 The central dogma of genetics
Transcription Overview
Translation Overview
Gene Function (3)
Figure 79a The events in the transcription of RNA in prokaryo
Figure 79b The events in the transcription of RNA in prokaryo
Figure 710 Concurrent RNA transcription
Figure 79c The events in the transcription of RNA in prokaryo
Transcription The Process
Gene Function (4)
Figure 711 Processing eukaryotic mRNA
Gene Function (5)
Figure 712 The genetic code
Translation Genetic Code
Slide 42
Gene Function (6)
Figure 713 A single prokaryotic mRNA can code for several pol
Figure 714 Transfer RNA
Figure 715 Ribosomal structures
Figure 716 Assembled ribosome and its tRNA-binding sites
Gene Function (7)
Figure 717 The initiation of translation in prokaryotes
Figure 718 The elongation stage of translation
Figure 719 In prokaryotes a polyribosomemdashone mRNA and many ri
Gene Function (8)
Translation The Process
Gene Function (9)
Slide 55
Protein Synthesis
Gene Function (10)
Gene Function (11)
Gene Function (12)
Figure 720 An operon
Gene Function (13)
Operons Overview
Figure 721 The lac operon an inducible operon
Figure 722 CAP-cAMP enhances lac transcription
Operons Induction
Figure 723 The trp operon a repressible operon
Operons Repression
Slide 68
Gene Function (14)
Gene Function (15)
Gene Function (16)
Mutations of Genes
Mutations of Genes (2)
Mutations Types
Figure 724 The effects of the various types of point mutation
Slide 76
Mutations of Genes (3)
Mutagens
Figure 725 A pyrimidine (in this case thymine) dimer
Figure 726 The structure and effects of a nucleotide analog
Figure 727 The action of a frameshift mutagen
Mutations of Genes (4)
Mutations Repair
Figure 728a-b DNA repair mechanisms
Figure 728c-d DNA repair mechanisms
Mutations of Genes (5)
Figure 729 Positive selection of mutants
Figure 730 The use of negative (indirect) selection to isolat
Figure 731 The Ames test
Mutations of Genes (6)
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
Figure 732 Genetic recombination
Genetic Recombination and Transfer (2)
Horizontal Gene Transfer Overview
Genetic Recombination and Transfer (3)
Figure 733 Transformation of Streptococcus pneumoniae
Transformation
Genetic Recombination and Transfer (4)
Figure 734 Transduction
Genetic Recombination and Transfer (5)
Transduction Generalized Transduction
Transduction Specialized Transduction
Genetic Recombination and Transfer (6)
Conjugation Overview
Conjugation F Factor
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cell
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
Slide 110
Genetic Recombination and Transfer (7)
Figure 737 Transposition
Transposons Overview
Genetic Recombination and Transfer (8)
Figure 738 Transposons
Transposons Insertion Sequences
Transposons Complex Transposons
Genetic Recombination and Transfer (9)
Important topics
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transduction Specialized Transduction
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
Figure 74 Semiconservative model of DNA replication
Figure 75 The dual role of triphosphate deoxyribonucleotides
The Structure and Replication of Genomes (7)
Figure 76a DNA replication
DNA Replication Replication Proteins
Figure 76b-c DNA replication
DNA Replication Forming the Replication Fork
DNA Replication Synthesis
The Structure and Replication of Genomes (8)
Figure 77 The bidirectionality of DNA replication in prokaryo
The Structure and Replication of Genomes (9)
The Structure and Replication of Genomes (10)
Gene Function
Gene Function (2)
Figure 78 The central dogma of genetics
Transcription Overview
Translation Overview
Gene Function (3)
Figure 79a The events in the transcription of RNA in prokaryo
Figure 79b The events in the transcription of RNA in prokaryo
Figure 710 Concurrent RNA transcription
Figure 79c The events in the transcription of RNA in prokaryo
Transcription The Process
Gene Function (4)
Figure 711 Processing eukaryotic mRNA
Gene Function (5)
Figure 712 The genetic code
Translation Genetic Code
Slide 42
Gene Function (6)
Figure 713 A single prokaryotic mRNA can code for several pol
Figure 714 Transfer RNA
Figure 715 Ribosomal structures
Figure 716 Assembled ribosome and its tRNA-binding sites
Gene Function (7)
Figure 717 The initiation of translation in prokaryotes
Figure 718 The elongation stage of translation
Figure 719 In prokaryotes a polyribosomemdashone mRNA and many ri
Gene Function (8)
Translation The Process
Gene Function (9)
Slide 55
Protein Synthesis
Gene Function (10)
Gene Function (11)
Gene Function (12)
Figure 720 An operon
Gene Function (13)
Operons Overview
Figure 721 The lac operon an inducible operon
Figure 722 CAP-cAMP enhances lac transcription
Operons Induction
Figure 723 The trp operon a repressible operon
Operons Repression
Slide 68
Gene Function (14)
Gene Function (15)
Gene Function (16)
Mutations of Genes
Mutations of Genes (2)
Mutations Types
Figure 724 The effects of the various types of point mutation
Slide 76
Mutations of Genes (3)
Mutagens
Figure 725 A pyrimidine (in this case thymine) dimer
Figure 726 The structure and effects of a nucleotide analog
Figure 727 The action of a frameshift mutagen
Mutations of Genes (4)
Mutations Repair
Figure 728a-b DNA repair mechanisms
Figure 728c-d DNA repair mechanisms
Mutations of Genes (5)
Figure 729 Positive selection of mutants
Figure 730 The use of negative (indirect) selection to isolat
Figure 731 The Ames test
Mutations of Genes (6)
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
Figure 732 Genetic recombination
Genetic Recombination and Transfer (2)
Horizontal Gene Transfer Overview
Genetic Recombination and Transfer (3)
Figure 733 Transformation of Streptococcus pneumoniae
Transformation
Genetic Recombination and Transfer (4)
Figure 734 Transduction
Genetic Recombination and Transfer (5)
Transduction Generalized Transduction
Transduction Specialized Transduction
Genetic Recombination and Transfer (6)
Conjugation Overview
Conjugation F Factor
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cell
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
Slide 110
Genetic Recombination and Transfer (7)
Figure 737 Transposition
Transposons Overview
Genetic Recombination and Transfer (8)
Figure 738 Transposons
Transposons Insertion Sequences
Transposons Complex Transposons
Genetic Recombination and Transfer (9)
Important topics
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Horizontal Gene Transfer Among Prokaryotesbull Conjugation
bull Genetic transfer requires physical contact between the
donor and recipient cell
bull Donor cell remains alive
bull Mediated by conjugation (sex) pili
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
Figure 74 Semiconservative model of DNA replication
Figure 75 The dual role of triphosphate deoxyribonucleotides
The Structure and Replication of Genomes (7)
Figure 76a DNA replication
DNA Replication Replication Proteins
Figure 76b-c DNA replication
DNA Replication Forming the Replication Fork
DNA Replication Synthesis
The Structure and Replication of Genomes (8)
Figure 77 The bidirectionality of DNA replication in prokaryo
The Structure and Replication of Genomes (9)
The Structure and Replication of Genomes (10)
Gene Function
Gene Function (2)
Figure 78 The central dogma of genetics
Transcription Overview
Translation Overview
Gene Function (3)
Figure 79a The events in the transcription of RNA in prokaryo
Figure 79b The events in the transcription of RNA in prokaryo
Figure 710 Concurrent RNA transcription
Figure 79c The events in the transcription of RNA in prokaryo
Transcription The Process
Gene Function (4)
Figure 711 Processing eukaryotic mRNA
Gene Function (5)
Figure 712 The genetic code
Translation Genetic Code
Slide 42
Gene Function (6)
Figure 713 A single prokaryotic mRNA can code for several pol
Figure 714 Transfer RNA
Figure 715 Ribosomal structures
Figure 716 Assembled ribosome and its tRNA-binding sites
Gene Function (7)
Figure 717 The initiation of translation in prokaryotes
Figure 718 The elongation stage of translation
Figure 719 In prokaryotes a polyribosomemdashone mRNA and many ri
Gene Function (8)
Translation The Process
Gene Function (9)
Slide 55
Protein Synthesis
Gene Function (10)
Gene Function (11)
Gene Function (12)
Figure 720 An operon
Gene Function (13)
Operons Overview
Figure 721 The lac operon an inducible operon
Figure 722 CAP-cAMP enhances lac transcription
Operons Induction
Figure 723 The trp operon a repressible operon
Operons Repression
Slide 68
Gene Function (14)
Gene Function (15)
Gene Function (16)
Mutations of Genes
Mutations of Genes (2)
Mutations Types
Figure 724 The effects of the various types of point mutation
Slide 76
Mutations of Genes (3)
Mutagens
Figure 725 A pyrimidine (in this case thymine) dimer
Figure 726 The structure and effects of a nucleotide analog
Figure 727 The action of a frameshift mutagen
Mutations of Genes (4)
Mutations Repair
Figure 728a-b DNA repair mechanisms
Figure 728c-d DNA repair mechanisms
Mutations of Genes (5)
Figure 729 Positive selection of mutants
Figure 730 The use of negative (indirect) selection to isolat
Figure 731 The Ames test
Mutations of Genes (6)
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
Figure 732 Genetic recombination
Genetic Recombination and Transfer (2)
Horizontal Gene Transfer Overview
Genetic Recombination and Transfer (3)
Figure 733 Transformation of Streptococcus pneumoniae
Transformation
Genetic Recombination and Transfer (4)
Figure 734 Transduction
Genetic Recombination and Transfer (5)
Transduction Generalized Transduction
Transduction Specialized Transduction
Genetic Recombination and Transfer (6)
Conjugation Overview
Conjugation F Factor
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cell
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
Slide 110
Genetic Recombination and Transfer (7)
Figure 737 Transposition
Transposons Overview
Genetic Recombination and Transfer (8)
Figure 738 Transposons
Transposons Insertion Sequences
Transposons Complex Transposons
Genetic Recombination and Transfer (9)
Important topics
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Transposons Overview
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
Figure 74 Semiconservative model of DNA replication
Figure 75 The dual role of triphosphate deoxyribonucleotides
The Structure and Replication of Genomes (7)
Figure 76a DNA replication
DNA Replication Replication Proteins
Figure 76b-c DNA replication
DNA Replication Forming the Replication Fork
DNA Replication Synthesis
The Structure and Replication of Genomes (8)
Figure 77 The bidirectionality of DNA replication in prokaryo
The Structure and Replication of Genomes (9)
The Structure and Replication of Genomes (10)
Gene Function
Gene Function (2)
Figure 78 The central dogma of genetics
Transcription Overview
Translation Overview
Gene Function (3)
Figure 79a The events in the transcription of RNA in prokaryo
Figure 79b The events in the transcription of RNA in prokaryo
Figure 710 Concurrent RNA transcription
Figure 79c The events in the transcription of RNA in prokaryo
Transcription The Process
Gene Function (4)
Figure 711 Processing eukaryotic mRNA
Gene Function (5)
Figure 712 The genetic code
Translation Genetic Code
Slide 42
Gene Function (6)
Figure 713 A single prokaryotic mRNA can code for several pol
Figure 714 Transfer RNA
Figure 715 Ribosomal structures
Figure 716 Assembled ribosome and its tRNA-binding sites
Gene Function (7)
Figure 717 The initiation of translation in prokaryotes
Figure 718 The elongation stage of translation
Figure 719 In prokaryotes a polyribosomemdashone mRNA and many ri
Gene Function (8)
Translation The Process
Gene Function (9)
Slide 55
Protein Synthesis
Gene Function (10)
Gene Function (11)
Gene Function (12)
Figure 720 An operon
Gene Function (13)
Operons Overview
Figure 721 The lac operon an inducible operon
Figure 722 CAP-cAMP enhances lac transcription
Operons Induction
Figure 723 The trp operon a repressible operon
Operons Repression
Slide 68
Gene Function (14)
Gene Function (15)
Gene Function (16)
Mutations of Genes
Mutations of Genes (2)
Mutations Types
Figure 724 The effects of the various types of point mutation
Slide 76
Mutations of Genes (3)
Mutagens
Figure 725 A pyrimidine (in this case thymine) dimer
Figure 726 The structure and effects of a nucleotide analog
Figure 727 The action of a frameshift mutagen
Mutations of Genes (4)
Mutations Repair
Figure 728a-b DNA repair mechanisms
Figure 728c-d DNA repair mechanisms
Mutations of Genes (5)
Figure 729 Positive selection of mutants
Figure 730 The use of negative (indirect) selection to isolat
Figure 731 The Ames test
Mutations of Genes (6)
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
Figure 732 Genetic recombination
Genetic Recombination and Transfer (2)
Horizontal Gene Transfer Overview
Genetic Recombination and Transfer (3)
Figure 733 Transformation of Streptococcus pneumoniae
Transformation
Genetic Recombination and Transfer (4)
Figure 734 Transduction
Genetic Recombination and Transfer (5)
Transduction Generalized Transduction
Transduction Specialized Transduction
Genetic Recombination and Transfer (6)
Conjugation Overview
Conjugation F Factor
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cell
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
Slide 110
Genetic Recombination and Transfer (7)
Figure 737 Transposition
Transposons Overview
Genetic Recombination and Transfer (8)
Figure 738 Transposons
Transposons Insertion Sequences
Transposons Complex Transposons
Genetic Recombination and Transfer (9)
Important topics
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
Conjugation F Factor
copy 2015 Pearson Education Inc
F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
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Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
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Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
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Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
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Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
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Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
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Transposons Overview
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Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for
Figure 74 Semiconservative model of DNA replication
Figure 75 The dual role of triphosphate deoxyribonucleotides
The Structure and Replication of Genomes (7)
Figure 76a DNA replication
DNA Replication Replication Proteins
Figure 76b-c DNA replication
DNA Replication Forming the Replication Fork
DNA Replication Synthesis
The Structure and Replication of Genomes (8)
Figure 77 The bidirectionality of DNA replication in prokaryo
The Structure and Replication of Genomes (9)
The Structure and Replication of Genomes (10)
Gene Function
Gene Function (2)
Figure 78 The central dogma of genetics
Transcription Overview
Translation Overview
Gene Function (3)
Figure 79a The events in the transcription of RNA in prokaryo
Figure 79b The events in the transcription of RNA in prokaryo
Figure 710 Concurrent RNA transcription
Figure 79c The events in the transcription of RNA in prokaryo
Transcription The Process
Gene Function (4)
Figure 711 Processing eukaryotic mRNA
Gene Function (5)
Figure 712 The genetic code
Translation Genetic Code
Slide 42
Gene Function (6)
Figure 713 A single prokaryotic mRNA can code for several pol
Figure 714 Transfer RNA
Figure 715 Ribosomal structures
Figure 716 Assembled ribosome and its tRNA-binding sites
Gene Function (7)
Figure 717 The initiation of translation in prokaryotes
Figure 718 The elongation stage of translation
Figure 719 In prokaryotes a polyribosomemdashone mRNA and many ri
Gene Function (8)
Translation The Process
Gene Function (9)
Slide 55
Protein Synthesis
Gene Function (10)
Gene Function (11)
Gene Function (12)
Figure 720 An operon
Gene Function (13)
Operons Overview
Figure 721 The lac operon an inducible operon
Figure 722 CAP-cAMP enhances lac transcription
Operons Induction
Figure 723 The trp operon a repressible operon
Operons Repression
Slide 68
Gene Function (14)
Gene Function (15)
Gene Function (16)
Mutations of Genes
Mutations of Genes (2)
Mutations Types
Figure 724 The effects of the various types of point mutation
Slide 76
Mutations of Genes (3)
Mutagens
Figure 725 A pyrimidine (in this case thymine) dimer
Figure 726 The structure and effects of a nucleotide analog
Figure 727 The action of a frameshift mutagen
Mutations of Genes (4)
Mutations Repair
Figure 728a-b DNA repair mechanisms
Figure 728c-d DNA repair mechanisms
Mutations of Genes (5)
Figure 729 Positive selection of mutants
Figure 730 The use of negative (indirect) selection to isolat
Figure 731 The Ames test
Mutations of Genes (6)
Genetic Recombination and Transfer
Figure 732 Genetic recombination
Genetic Recombination and Transfer (2)
Horizontal Gene Transfer Overview
Genetic Recombination and Transfer (3)
Figure 733 Transformation of Streptococcus pneumoniae
Transformation
Genetic Recombination and Transfer (4)
Figure 734 Transduction
Genetic Recombination and Transfer (5)
Transduction Generalized Transduction
Transduction Specialized Transduction
Genetic Recombination and Transfer (6)
Conjugation Overview
Conjugation F Factor
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cell
Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
Slide 110
Genetic Recombination and Transfer (7)
Figure 737 Transposition
Transposons Overview
Genetic Recombination and Transfer (8)
Figure 738 Transposons
Transposons Insertion Sequences
Transposons Complex Transposons
Genetic Recombination and Transfer (9)
Important topics
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F plasmid Origin oftransfer
Pilus Chromosome
F
Donor cell attaches to a recipient cell withits pilus
Pilus may draw cells together
One strand of F plasmid DNA transfersto the recipient
The recipient synthesizes a complementarystrand to become an F+ cell with a pilus thedonor synthesizes a complementary strandrestoring its complete plasmid
Pilus
1
+ cell
2
F+ cell
3
4
F_
cellF+ cell
Figure 735 Bacterial conjugation
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Figure 736 Conjugation involving an Hfr cellDonor chromosome
Pilus
F+ cell
Hfr cell
Pilus
F+ cell (Hfr)
F plasmid Donor DNA Part of F plasmid
F recipient
Incomplete F plasmidcell remains Fminus
F plasmid integratesinto chromosome byrecombination
Cells join via a pilus
Portion of F plasmid partiallymoves into recipient celltrailing a strand of donorsDNA
Conjugation ends with piecesof F plasmid and donor DNAin recipient cell cells synthesizecomplementary DNA strands
Donor DNA and recipientDNA recombine making arecombinant F cell
Recombinant cell (still Fminus )
ndash
1
2
3
4
5ndash
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Conjugation Hfr Conjugation
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Conjugation Chromosome Mapping
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Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Transposons
bull Segments of DNA that move from one location to another
in the same or different molecule
bull Result is a kind of frameshift insertion (transpositions)
bull Transposons all contain palindromic sequences at each
end
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Figure 737 Transposition
DNATransposon
Jumping transposons Transposons move from one place to another on a DNA molecule
Replicating transposons Transposons may replicate while moving resulting in more transposons in the cell
Transposons can move onto plasmidsTransposons moving onto plasmids can be transferred to another cell
Plasmid withtransposon
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Transposons Overview
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Genetic Recombination and Transfer
bull Transposons and Transpositionbull Simplest transposons
bull Insertion sequences
bull Have no more than two inverted repeats and a gene for