Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery: A Technology Tool for Sustainable Development of Residual Oil I.A Jimoh, Rudyk S.N and Søgaard E.G Section of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, Aalborg University, Campus Esbjerg Denmark
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Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery: A Technology Tool for Sustainable
Development of Residual Oil
I.A Jimoh, Rudyk S.N and Søgaard E.G Section of Chemical Engineering,
Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, Aalborg University, Campus Esbjerg
Denmark
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Presentation Layout
• Introduction
•Enhanced Oil Recovery Methods and why are they needed?
• Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery
• Experimental Study (Objectives)
• Results of Laboratory Investigations
• Conclusions/Further Works
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• Currently global energy production
from fossil fuels is about 80-90% with oil and gas representing about 60 %
• During oil production, primary oil recovery can account for between 30-40 % oil productions
• While additional 15-25% can be recovered by secondary methods such as water injection leaving behind about 35-55 % of oil as residual oil in the reservoirs
• This residual oil is usually the target of many enhanced oil recovery technologies and it amounts to about 2-4 trillion barrels (Hall et al., 2003)
Introduction
www.energyinsights.net
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Second and Third Generation EOR Methods
Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods aimed to recover additional oil after primary recovery or natural drives in the reservoirs
• Water flooding (water injection)
• Gas injection (not miscible)
• Carbon dioxide flooding (miscible)
• Steam injection and in-situ burning
• Surfacants or foams injection
• Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery Methods
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What is microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR)?
Use of microbes to improve oil recovery, established by Beckman 1926
How much additional oil can be produced? Up to 60% oil in place after primary recovery
Modification of reservoir rock Improvement of porosity and permeability Reaction with calcareous rocks and CO2 production Selective or non selective plugging Emulsification through adherence to hydrocarbons Modification of solid surfaces Degradation and alteration of oil Reduction of viscosity and oil pour point Desulfurization of oil Reservoir repressurization Oil swelling Viscosity reduction Increase permeability due to solubilization of carbonate rocks by CO2 Dissolving of oil Lowering of interfacial tension Emulsification Mobility control Selective and non-selective plugging
After Janshekar, 1985
Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery (MEOR)
Average size of microbe is one micron, 10,000th of cm. More than 27,000 species of bacteria have been identified.
The bacteria, which can be mobile or non-mobile, have three basic shapes: round (coccus), rod (bacillus) and spiral (spirillum).
Microbes are the most primitive earth's single celled organisms.
Their basic role in life is to recycle the components of living organisms, converting them to the nutrient chemicals used by plants in photosynthesis & chemosynthesis.
Microbial Enhanced Oil Recovery (MEOR) is a technology using micro-organisms to facilitate, increase or extend oil production from reservoir.
Shape of Microbes
Cases of MEOR Application
During last 15 years some countries began to develop and apply MEOR methods
successfully again such as USA, Russia, Romania, Germany, Malaysia, China,
India, Norway, UK, Venezuela, Iran, Trinidad among others.
More than 300 cases of MEOR methods application – mostly
Porosity modification of 14 chalk samples immersed in bacteria media
1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 730354045505560
Pre-treat porosity Post-treat porosity
Time (weeks)
Poro
sity
(%
)
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Result
Carbonate rock matrix in microbial media
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5. Results biofilm formation
Biofilm formation at oil water interface
30 60 90 120 1500
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
10 days 20 days 30 days 40 days
Salinity (g/L)
Biofi
lm t
hick
ness
(cm
)
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6. Results Oil Recovery
Oil recovery from packed sandstone column
Parameters ValueInitial Oil Saturation 120 ml
Residual Oil Saturation after Water Flooding
33 ml
Nutrient Injected 0.4 PV (I PV=170ml)
Inoculums 0.2 PV
Incubation 37 oC for 7 Days
Secondary Water Flooding
7 PV
Oil Displaced after Secondary Water Flooding
13 ml
% Oil Recovery after Microbial Treatment
39%
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Conclusions
1). The selected bacterium (Clostridium tyrobuyticum) can produced desired metabolites needed for residual oil recovery thus eliminating use of harsh chemicals.
2). The microbes can survive and become adapted to conditions with high salinities. however, their metabolism is decreasing with increasing salinity.
3). Gas production shows a mixture of CO2 and H2 which amounts are decreasing with increasing salinities. Biofilms are createdup to 100 g/L of salinity.
4). The porosity of chalk increases as a function of time probably because of the acidic dissolution of the chalk.
5). Residual oil recovery greater than 30% was achieved.