Introduction Methods Results The authors would like to thank Dr. E. Paterson, P. Mulryan, P.Fitzgerald and C. Manley for their technical assistance, and Dr. A. Golubeva and K. Rea for critical revision of the poster. The APC Microbiome institute is a research institute funded by Science Foundation Ireland (SFI), through the Irish Government’s National Development Plan (Grant Number 12/RC/2273). TGD and JFC are also supported by the Irish Health Research Board, the Dept. of Agriculture, Food & the Marine and Enterprise Ireland. CSO is funded through SMART FOOD project. Email: [email protected] • Over the last decades, human nutritional intake has undergone through major changes characterized by increased omega-6:omega-3 ratio (1–4:1)→(10-20:1). • This unbalanced dietary fatty acid intake has caused a major increase in inflammatory-related disorders. Omega 3+ → Enhanced memory compared to control in adulthood Omega 3- → Memory impairment compared to Omega 3+ group in adolescence and adulthood Cognition Social behaviour Microalgal Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) effects on cognition, sociability, depressive-like behaviour and brain fatty acid composition in C57BL/6 mice AIM: To assess the effects of omega-3 PUFAs supplementation or deficiency, from gestation through to adulthood, on cognition, depressive-like behaviour, sociability, anxiety and on brain lipid composition in murine offspring. PUFAs brain composition Adolescence Adulthood Sociability Social novelty Hippocampus Amygdala Prefrontal Cortex References 1. Innis, S.M., Omega-3 Fatty acids and neural development to 2 years of age: do we know enough for dietary recommendations? Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition, 2009. 48: p. S16-S24. 2. 2. Janssen, C.I., et al., Impact of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on cognition, motor skills and hippocampal neurogenesis in developing C57BL/6J mice. The Journal of nutritional biochemistry, 2015. 26(1): p. 24-35. Hypothalamus • Essential omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs): - Most abundant in brain [1]. -Key players in brain development and function, especially during perinatal development and early postnatal period [2]. Clara Seira-Oriach a,b , Ruairi Robertson a,d , R. Paul Ross a,d , John F. Cryan a,c , Catherine Stanton a,d , Timothy G. Dinan a, b a APC Microbiome Institute, UCC, Cork b Department of Psychiatry c Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland d Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork. Gas chromatography with flame-ionization detection (GC-FID) Experimental design: 1g EPA+DHA/100g diet Omega 3- ↓ Increased depression- like behaviour in adulthood Omega 3+ → Increased levels of Omega 3 and decreased of Omega 6 Acknowledgements & Disclosure Adolescence Adulthood Adolescence Adulthood Mouse Object 10min Sociability test Familiar Mouse Novel Mouse 10min Social novelty test Omega 3- ↓ Sociability impairment compared to the control and Omega 3 + group in adulthood Depression-like behaviour/HPA axis response to stress Conclusions Statistical analysis: → 1 way Anova followed by Tukey´s post-hoc analysis. *-Compared to Control Group/ #-Comparison between Omega 3+ and Omega 3- groups • Omega-3 PUFAs deficiency caused impairments in cognition, sociability and depression-like behaviour. • Omega-3 PUFAs supplementation enhanced cognition and stress response. • The behavioural effects may be related with an increase of Omega-3 PUFAs in the brain. • Omega-3 PUFAs supplementation/deficiency effects were more pronounced in adulthood than adolescence. • These findings show the importance of n-3 PUFA intake on brain development indicating their possible implications in psychiatric disorders. Control Omega 3+ Omega 3- 0 2 4 6 8 10 *** ### g/100g FAME Control Omega 3+ Omega 3- 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 *** ### g/100g FAME Control Omega 3+ Omega 3- 0 2 4 6 ### g/100g FAME Control Omega 3+ Omega 3- 0 5 10 15 *** ### ** g/100g FAME Control Omega 3+ 0 2 4 6 *** ### g/100g FAME Control Omega 3+ Omega 3- 0 2 4 6 8 10 # g/100g FAME Control Omega 3+ Omega 3- 0 5 10 15 20 *** ### g/100g FAME Control Omega 3+ Omega 3- 0 2 4 6 8 10 *** ### g/100g FAME Control Omega 3+ Omega 3- 0 2 4 6 8 10 *** ### g/100g FAME Control Omega 3+ Omega 3- 0 5 10 15 **** #### g/100g FAME Control Omega 3+ Omega 3- 0 2 4 6 **** #### g/100g FAME Control Omega 3+ Omega 3- 0 2 4 6 8 10 **** #### g/100g FAME C22:6 Omega-3 Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) C22:5 Omega-6 Docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) C20:4 Omega-6 Arachidonic acid (AA) Omega 3- → Decreased levels of Omega 3 and increased levels of Omega 6. Forced Swim Test (FST) 0 15 45 90 120 0 100 200 300 Control Omega 3+ Omega 3 - * # Corticosterone (ng/ml) stress Time (min) Forced Swim Test (FST) 0 15 45 90 120 0 50 100 150 200 Control Omega 3+ Omega 3 - Corticosterone (ng/ml) stress Time (min) Omega 3 + ↓ Improved stress response in adolescence Control Omega 3+ Omega 3- 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 Novel Object Recognition (NOR) * ## Discrimination Index Control Omega 3+ Omega 3- 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 Novel Object Recognition (NOR) # Discrimination Index Control Omega+ Omega- 0 50 100 150 200 Forced Swim Test (FST) * Immobility time (sec.) Control Omega+ Omega- 0 50 100 150 200 Forced Swim Test (FST) Immobility time (sec.) Control Omega 3+ Omega 3- 0 20 40 60 80 Three Chamber Test (3CH) Interaction with Object (sec.) Control Omega 3+ Omega 3- 0 100 200 300 400 Three Chamber Test (3CH) Interaction with Mouse (sec.) Control Omega 3+ Omega 3- 0 50 100 150 200 250 Three Chamber Test (3CH) Interaction with Familiar Mouse (sec.) Control Omega 3+ Omega 3- 0 50 100 150 200 250 Three Chamber Test (3CH) Interaction with Novel Mouse (sec.) Control Omega 3+ Omega 3- 0 50 100 150 Three Chamber Test (3CH) *** # Interaction with Object (sec.) Control Omega 3+ Omega 3- 0 100 200 300 Three Chamber Test (3CH) ### *** Interaction with Mouse (sec.) Control Omega 3+ Omega 3- 0 50 100 150 200 250 Three Chamber Test (3CH) Interaction with Novel Mouse (sec.) Control Omega 3+ Omega 3- 0 50 100 150 200 Three Chamber Test (3CH) Interaction with Familiar Mouse (sec.) Diets: n=10/group % by weight