Micro Anatomy of the Neurological System

NeuroAnatomy

Microscopic Anatomy and Physiology

• Neuroglia (glial cells)– Support, nourishment, protection to neurons–Most common site for tumors in CNS– Types• Micorglia• Oligodendroglia• Astrocytes• Ependyma

• Neuron– Transmit impulses• 10 Billion in CNS

– Anatomy

• Afferent vs Efferent– Afferent: sensory to spinal cord or brain– Efferent: motor away from spinal cord of brain

• Neurotransmitters– Act to facilitate transmission of impulse – Inactivated by enzyme

– Types• Excitatory• Inhibitory

• Neurotransmitter Systems in Brain– Noradrenaline (noradrenergic)– Dopamine (dopaminergic)– Histamine (histaminergic)– Serotonin (serotonergic)– Acetylcholine (cholinergic)

• Cerebral Metabolism– O2

• 20% CO, 20% of O2 delivered

–Massive Energy Needs• No Insulin requried!• Hypoglycemia

– Neuro Change (50 – 70 mg/dL)– Coma (20mg/dL)

• Hyperglycemia– Osmotic effect – brain dehydration

• Blood-Brain Barrier– Not an actual structure

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