Michelle: World's Fair

THE PAN AMERICAN EXPOSITION

&THE WORLD’S FAIR

By: Michelle Myers

RESEARCH PROBLEM:

How did the Pan American

Exposition and the World’s Fair

symbolize and trigger the future

of America from the 19th Century

to the 20th Century?

May 1 through

November 2, 1901.

Was held in Buffalo,

New York.

Opened April 30, 1904

Closed December 1,

1904

Was held in St. Louis,

Missouri.

DATES AND PLACES:

Pan American Exposition World’s Fair

Ticket Cost:

U.S. $0.25

($7.00 in 2011 dollars)

Total Event Expense:

U.S. $7 million

($184 million in 2011 dollars)

Visitors: 8,000,000

EXPOSITION:

Statistics:The Exposition:

Space:

Occupied over 1,200 acres

Visitors:

Over 12 million people

Cost:

$50 cents

WORLD’S FAIR:

Statics:The World’s Fair

OLYMPIAN CONFUSION:

The third Olympic games was held in

1904 at the St. Louis World’s Fair.

There were 19,000 spectators. These

Olympic games were notable for their

giddy confusion(roughness) than for

athletic virtuosity. Six foreign countries

showed up, however, the U.S. won 22 of

the 23 track and field events.

TRACK EVENTS: One of the participants, Fred Lorz, the apparent

winner of the marathon received his crown from none other than Alice Roosevelt. But had it unceremoniously snatched away when a local truck driver confessed he had given Lorz a lift over the last part of the course.

Tug of war competition

WILLIAM MCKINLEY’S ASSASSINATION:

It was September 16, 1901 at 4 o’clock in the afternoon, McKinley arrived

in an open carriage outside the Temple of Music at the Pan American

Exposition in Buffalo, New York.

He walked inside to the head of the receiving line and began shaking the

hands of Exposition visitors. His handlers expected him to remain only a

short while, and about 10 minutes later, one of them pulled out his pocket

watch and made a show of looking at him. He was doing this to signal the

Secret Service that the appearance was coming to an end. When the guy did

that, the man next in line stepped forward and raised his right hand. Instead

of meeting McKinley’s grasp he opened his hand and it held a white

bandage. Under the bandage was an Iver Johnson .32-caliber pistol. It was

fired twice into the President, which hit him in the chest and stomach.

CONTINUED:

McKinley then straightened up, staggered from one potted plant to

another and collapsed. Blood seeping through his shirt. In the mean

time Secret Service and even bystanders tackled the shooter. One guy

grabbed him by the throat and tried choking him. The assailant

insisted, “I done my duty” and yet the President still said, “Be easy

with him boys.”

MCKINLEY DYING:

Mckinley clung to his life though he drifted in and

out of consciousness. During the days following the

operation that was hoped had saved his life,

confidence was high that the President would recover

fully. There wasn’t only hope, but much suspense and

apprehension. However, the most tender scene of the

entire tragedy was the parting of the President and

his wife.

LAST WORDS:

After some time, the President regained consciousness again. His

eyes fluttered and glanced around the room. When he saw his wife,

he weakly smiled at her and clutched her hand. They gazed into each

other’s eyes and everyone knew that it was time for him to say good-

bye to the woman he loved. McKinley opened his mouth as if to speak

and his wife leaned over and put her ear to his quivering mouth.

“ God’s will, not ours, be done,” he whispered.

“For his sake. For his sake,” she whispered back to him. She took both his hands and smiled at him, tears flowing from her eyes.

“ Goodbye, all; goodbye. It is God’s way. His will be done.” These were the last words McKinley spoke.

MR. AND MRS. MCKINLEY:

• It was on September 13, 1901( one week after shooting) at 8 o’clock the President had died.

• He was 58 years old, and was the 25th president.

THE MURDERER:

Leon Czolgosz was the murderer of President McKinley.

On August 31, 1901, Czolgosz moved to Buffalo, New York.

There, he rented a room near the site of the Pan American

Exposition.

He had bought the .32 caliber pistol on September 2 for $4.50.

Members of the crowd immediately subdued him before the

Signal Corps and police intervened, and beat him so severely it

was initially thought he might not live to stand trial.

PLACES LEON HAD TO GO:

Czolgosz was briefly held in a cell at Buffalo’s 13th Precinct house,

until he was moved to the city’s police headquarters downtown.

• He had also been to the Erie County Women’s Penitentiary, the Erie County Jail, and to the Auburn State Prison.

LEON’S TRIAL:

Nine days after McKinley’s death on September 14, was

Czolgosz’s trial on September 23.

Czolgosz’s lawyers were unable to prepare a defense since

Czolgosz refused to speak to either one of them. Therefore,

his lawyers argued at the trial that Czolgosz could not be

found guilty for the murder of the president because he was

insane at the time.

Czolgosz refused to testify on his own defense, and did not

speak at all in court.

LEON’S DEATH:The jury unanimously recommended the death

penalty.• Czolgosz’s last words were: “I killed the President because he was the enemy of the good people- the good working people. I am not sorry for my crime.

• When he was strapped into the chair he did say through his clenched teeth, “I am only sorry I could not get to see my father.”

Continue

LEON CZOLGOSZ:Twenty-five minutes before Leon was officially declared to be dead..

The crowd watched his dying agonies with interest. The excitement

among them was indescribable. After the death, they had fruit,

peanuts, lemonade, sandwiches, and even prize packages of popcorn

to celebrate.

THE NEXT PRESIDENT:

McKinley’s death dropped an uncertain

mantle on the shoulders of the Vice President,

who could not know and would not hope that

he would soon become President. Theodore

Roosevelt( the 26th president) felt strongly like

an ordinary, helpless citizen. Not quite 43, he

became the youngest president in history. He

brought new excitement and power to the

Presidency, as he vigorously led Congress and

the American public toward progressive

reforms and a strong foreign policy.

A L O N G W I T H M C K I N L E Y ’ S D E AT H WA S A C A M E R A M A N A N D A M Y S T E R I O U S

M A N:

A camera man of the Thomas A. Edison Company recorded the scene on

film (The scene of McKinley’s death.). One man catches sight of the camera,

looks directly into the lens-and suddenly smiles before turning away.

Whether it was a reflex to the camera lens, bloodlust, political cynicism, or

nerves, that smile-that overwhelming inappropriate, incomprehensible

smile had a meaning that remains inaccessible to us now.

Geronimo:The last of the great Apache warriors, took part in the World’s Fair in St. Louis of 1904.

• It was at this fair where he described his first ride on the Ferris wheel.

In Geronimo’s words he said,"One time the guards took me into a little house that had four windows. When we were seated the little house started to move along the ground. Then the guards called my attention to some curious things they had in their pockets."Finally they told me to look out, and when I did so I was scared, for our little house had gone high up in the air, and the people down in the Fair Grounds looked no larger than ants. The men laughed at me for being scared, then they gave me a glass to look through. (I often had such glasses which I took from dead officers after battles in Mexico and elsewhere), and I could see rivers, lakes and mountains."But I had never been so high in the air….Then they said, "Get out!" and when I looked we were on the street again. After we were safe on the land, I watched many of these little houses going up and coming down, but I cannot understand how they travel."

MAJOR FOODS:

Many foods became popularized during the World’s

Fair.• Those foods are some of

America’s favorites. Without the World’s fair we wouldn’t have known about these foods until later years in our history. We might have possibly not even known about them at all.

(waffle-style) ice cream cones, hamburgers, hotdogs, peanut butter, ice tea, cotton candy, Puffed Wheat cereal and Dr. Pepper

ANSWERING RESEARCH PROBLEM:

How did the Pan American Exposition and the World’s

Fair symbolize and trigger the future of America from the

19th Century to the 20th Century?• It helped to shape the way our country is

today. So many people became popular at these events. Not only that, but having these events even changed you who ran our country. For example, President McKinley was murdered and Theodore Roosevelt became President. Many inventions and products had also been popularized. The World’s Fair and the Pan American Exposition were huge parts in our world’s history.

ORAL HISTORY:

Questions answered by Josh Jones

QUESTION ONE:

What did you think of the Pan American Exposition

and the Worlds Fair being put together? I think that putting the Exposition and the Worlds Fair

together was a magnificent idea. It brought people and inventions from all over the

world. Those inventions and people were then found.(They

were popularized.) It gave small time business people, and inventors the

chance to come out with their products, or to get their name out there.

What did you think of William

McKinley’s death?

How did you feel about it?

Did you think there was going

to be major changes to be made?

How did you feel about

Theodore Roosevelt becoming

president?

I think it was a tragedy, one of the many

tragedies in American History.

I was upset about it and do not feel it’s

right for assassinations to happen.

Yes, because of McKinley’s death the U.S.

Congress put the U.S. Secret Service in

charge of protecting future presidents.

I think he was not expecting this, and that

he was a good Vice President. Therefore

that would make him a great President

because he was very intelligent and

worked in many other fields.

QUESTION TWO:

Questions:

Answers:

-Many foods became popular at the Worlds Fair in St.

Louis,(waffle-style) ice cream cones, hamburgers,

hotdogs, peanut butter, ice tea, cotton candy, Puffed

Wheat cereal and Dr. Pepper were first introduced to a

national audience at the fair.

TOPIC THREE:

CONTINUED:

What do you think about these foods?

“I do not like waffl e cones, so if they would not have become popular then I would not have cared.”

“The other foods I love, especially Dr. Pepper, and am glad the became well known throughout this country.”

CONTINUED AGAIN:

Do you think these foods would have been as

popular in the U.S. even if the Worlds Fair had not

have been established?

“No, because nobody really knew about them until this fair. It also would have taken many many years to make those products as popular as they are today.”

QUESTION FOUR:

What do you think about all of the technology that

was introduced?

“I think it revolutionized the way we conduct business and our day to day life.”

Technology

CONTINUED:

What do you think of the x-ray machine?

“Being one who has had many many x-rays I believe it can save lives. It can determine the cause of certain issues. Without this invention we wouldn’t have helped so many people.”

X-Ray

MCKINLEY AND THE X-RAY MACHINE:

Do you think this invention could have saved William McKinley’s life?

“I don’t think it would have saved his life. It would have been helpful to find the bullet, however a fatal wound would only have been reversed(fixed) by future advancements like technology(computers, MRI machines) and medical advancements.”

QUESTION FIVE:

How do you think life would have been today, if the

Exposition and the Fair had not have happened?

“I think most of the inventions that were made popular by the Worlds Fair would not have become popular. The result of that could have been that we may not have been as technologically and economically advanced as we are today.”

QUESTION SIX:( R E S E A R C H P R O B L E M )

How did the Pan American Exposition and the

Worlds Fair symbolize and trigger the future of

America from the 19th century to the 20th century?

“Well the Pan American Exposition and the Worlds Fair symbolized and triggered the future of America from the 19th century to the 20th century. It was the symbol and the trigger to the future of America and it did that because of the inventions, products, and people that helped shape the way our country is today. Without the inventions our country wouldn’t be the country it is today. Again it would not be as technologically and economically advanced.”

CITATIONS:

"The Last Days of a President: Films of McKinley and the Pan-American Exposition, 1901." President McKinley and the Pan-American Exposition of 1901. The Library of Congress, 15 Apr. 1999. Web. 15 Oct. 2011. <memory.loc.gov/ammem/papr/mckpanex.html>.

"Leon Czolgosz." Leon Czolgosz-Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., 31 Oct. 2011. Web. 06 Nov. 2011. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leon_Czolgosz>.

Websites:

"Progress Made Visible: American World's Fairs and Expositions." Pan-American Exposition, Buffalo, 1901. University of Delaware Library, 21 Dec. 2011. Web. 15 Oct. 2011. <http://www.lib.udel.edu/ud/spec/exhibits/fairs/pan.htm>.

MORE CITATIONS:

"Pan-American Exposition." Pan-American Exposition-Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., 12 Oct. 2011. Web. 15 Oct. 2011. <en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pan-American_Exposition>.

Phillips, Kevin. William McKinley. New York: Times, 2003. Print.

Time-Life Books, ed. This Fabulous Century, 1900-1910. Vol. 1. New York: Time-Life, 1969. Print. This Fabulous Century Sixty Years of American Life.

Books:

MORE CITATIONS:

Rauchway, Eric. Murdering McKinley(The Making of Theodore Roosevelt's America). New York: Hill and Wang, A Division of Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2003. Print.Leech, Margaret. In The Days of Mckinley. Tennessee: Kingsport, 1959. Print.

Citatio

ns:

MORE CITATIONS:

ROBERT, SIEGEL. "Analysis: President William McKinley's assassination and how it changed the conduct of all future American presidents." All Things Considered (NPR) (n.d.): Newspaper Source, EBSCOhost (accessed November 8, 2011).

Newspaper Articles:

Florence, Fabricant. "Food Stuff; At the 1904 World's Fair, Cotton Candy and Cottolene." New York Times, June 16, 2004., 2, Newspaper Source, EBSCOhost (accessed November 8, 2011).

Video:Mr. Tripodi.DVD. The World’s Greatest Fair, “World’s Fair St. Louis 1904”