Harvest weed seed control Michael Walsh
Harvest weed seed control Developed in response to
herbicide resistance Because of potential to target
weed seeds
Target seed production at harvest
Weed species Retained seed* (%)
Lolium rigidum 88
Raphanus raphanistrum 99
Bromus spp. 73
Avena spp. 85
* Seed above harvester cutting height (15cm)
Weed seed retention during wheat crop harvest
Time post wheat crop maturity (d)0 7 14 21 28
Seed
rete
ntio
n (%
)
0
20
40
60
80
100
Lolium rigidumBromus spp.Raphanus raphanistrum Avena spp.
Lot feeding Autumn burning
Chaff carts
Up to 85% of annual ryegrass and wild radish seed removed
Grazing
Chaff collection Lance Turner
Developed conveyor belt chaff transfer system - Easy attachment
- Shorter burning times
Estimated 200 new chaff carts in WA since 2013
Glenvar Bale Direct System Up to 95% of annual ryegrass seed removed in baled
harvest residues Financial opportunity where residue is a problem and
there is a market for straw
Chaff lining - Confine chaff on a tramline or in a row
- Hostile environment for weed seeds
- Leave undisturbed
Annual ryegrass seed survival Seed packets placed under chaff at harvest then retrieved prior to seeding
Survival
(%) Chaff (t/
ha)
Canola 2 31
Wheat 74 19
Barley 3 18
Survival
(%) Chaff (t/
ha)
Canola 6.5 14
Wheat 36 16
Chaff on tramline Chaff in narrow row
Cagemill results >90% kill of annual ryegrass seed
No effect of chaff type
0
20
40
60
80
100
700 900 1100 1300
Seed
sur
viva
l (%
)
Cagemill speed (rpm)
Comparison of HWSC systems Narrow Windrow Burning, Chaff Carts and HSD
Replicated treatments at 25 sites
Lolium emergence in autumn
Treatment Reduc-on in Lolium emergence
(%) HSD 57 Chaff cart 56
Narrow windrow burn 57
LSD (P=0.05) 9
Weed species SE
Annual ryegrass 93 0.7 Wild radish 99.8 0.2 Wild oats 99.9 0.1
Brome grass 99 0.2
Efficacy of iHSD
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Annu
al ryegrass (plann
ts/m
2 )Focus paddocks -‐ surviving ryegrass in spring
Plus HWSC
Minus HWSC
The value of HWSC
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Ryegrass se
ed pr
oductio
n (seed/m
2 )Focus paddocks -‐ Estimated ryegrass seed set
Plus HWSC
Minus HWSC
The value of HWSC
HWSC is an accepted practice Adopted by approx. 40% Australian crop producers
Cumulative adoption curves for narrow windrow burning by agro-‐ecological zones 100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012
NSW Central NSWNW/Qld SW Qld Central SA Vic Bordertown -‐ Wimmera Vichigh rainfall and Tas grain WA Eastern WA Northern
NSWNE/Qld SE NSWVic Slopes SA Midnorth -‐ Lower Yorke Eyre SA Vic Mallee WA Central WA Sandplain -‐ Mallee
% of gr
owers