- 1. Stormy Weather and Stormwater Impacts: Keeping Michigan
Clean and Green A Report from the Center for Water Sciences 2009
Water Fellows Workshop Series on Stormwater Editors:
ErinA.Dreelin,PhDAssociateDirector,CenterforWaterSciencesRachelM.McNinch,M.S.ResearchAssistant,CenterforWaterSciencesJoanB.Rose,PhD
HomerNowlinChairinWaterResearch
2.
AcknowledgementsThisworkshopseriesandreportweredevelopedwithsupportfromMichiganStateUniversity;theCenterforWaterSciences,theHomerNowlinChairinWaterResearchandthetimeandeffortsoftheExecutiveSteeringCommitteeandWaterFellows.Inaddition,Ms.JanUrbanLurain,PresidentofSpectraDataandResearch,Inc.,providedconsultingonthedevelopmentoftheworkshopseriesandfacilitationduringtheworkshops.WewouldliketothankthestaffattheJamesB.HenryCenterforExecutiveDevelopmentinLansing,Michiganforprovidingaproductiveenvironmentfortheworkshops.ThankyoutoStacieAuvenshine,AngelaCoulliette,KyleEnger,ThengThengFong,RebeccaIves,MustafaMazher,DevinMcLennan,ShikhaSingh,SangeethaSrinivasan,BenSchmidtt,MarcVerhougstraete,andChristopherWendtfortakingnotestocapturethediscussionoftheWaterFellowsattheworkshops.Thankyoualsotoourspeakers:RogerBannerman,WisconsinDepartmentofNaturalResourcesDavidDrullinger,MichiganDepartmentofEnvironmentalQualityDavidEasterling,NationalClimaticDataCenterStuartEchols,PennsylvaniaStateUniversityLaureFowler,UniversityofGeorgiaWilliamHunt,NorthCarolinaStateUniversityPatrickJudd,ConservationDesignForumInc.AmyMangus,SoutheasternMichiganCouncilofGovernmentsAlanSteinman,GrandValleyStateUniversityAlanVicory,OhioRiverValleySanitationCommission(ORSANCO)WaterFellowsandExecutiveSteeringCommitteeTheviewsexpressedinthisreportarethesoleviewsoftheparticipantsandthisreportisbynomeansmeanttobeviewedasacomprehensiveorconsensusdocument,butasareportonthediscussionsduringtheworkshops.TheWaterFellowsparticipatedintheworkshopseriesasindividuals.ThisdocumentdoesnotreflecttheviewsoftheWaterFellowsrespectiveorganizationsnordoesitimplyanyendorsementbythoseorganizations.ThefollowingindividualsservedasWaterFellowsforthisworkshopseries:
WilliamByl,KentCountyDrainCommissionDonCarpenter,LawrenceTechnologicalUniversity,CivilEngineeringBrianCenci,Fitzgerald,Henne&AssociatesTimCullen,OccupationalSafety&EnvironmentalHealthUniversityofMichiganMichelleCrook,MichiganDepartmentofAgricultureEnvironmentalStewardshipDivisionJohnDaher,LansingCharterTownshipScottDierks,JFNewSandraDiorka,DelhiCharterTownshipTroyFeltman,BathCharterTownshipSteveFrank,MichiganStateUniversityLandscapeServicesTerryGibb,MacombCountyExtensionShannonGibbRandal,InSiteDesignStudio,Inc.MikeGregg,MichiganDepartmentofAgriculturei
3.
JerryHancock,AnnArborStormwaterandFloodplainProgramsCoordinatorPhilHanses,ClintonCountyDrainCommissionAaronHarris,MichiganConcreteAssociationKarlHausler,MichiganDepartmentofAgricultureJamesHegarty,Prein&NewhofRitaJack,SierraClubMichiganChapterDeanJohnson,CityofLansingWaltKulasa,DeltaCharterTownshipChristineKosmowski,CityofBattleCreekPatLindemann,InghamCountyDrainCommissionPaulMacNellis,WesternMichiganUniversityRonOverton,WatertownCharterTownshipDawnReinhold,MichiganStateUniversityBiosystems&AgriculturalEngineeringRalphReznick,MichiganDepartmentofEnvironmentalQualityJimRidgway,EnvironmentalConsulting&Technology,Inc.LauraRubin,HuronRiverWatershedCouncilClaireSchwartz,FTC&HPaulSeelbach,MichiganDepartmentofNaturalResourcesRaySevery,MeridianCharterTownshipLynneSeymour,MacombCountyPublicWorksOfficeStephenShine,MichiganDepartmentofAgricultureToddSneathen,CityofEastLansingLisaSt.Clair,InghamCountyHealthDepartmentRobertThorsen,MichiganCouncilofTroutUnlimitedJeffVanBelle,KalamazooCountyDrainCommissionDougVettraino,DeWittPublicSchoolsMollyWade,CityofAnnArborDavidWilbur,MichiganStateUniversityEngineering&ArchitecturalServicesThefollowingSteeringCommitteemembersorganizedtheworkshopseriesandcontributedtothereportoftheWaterFellows:JanisBobrin,WashtenawCountyWaterResourcesCommissionerErinCampbell,TriCountyRegionalPlanningCommissionErinDreelin,MichiganStateUniversityCenterforWaterSciencesRuthKlineRobach,MSUInstituteofWaterResearchTomNewhof,Prein&NewhofJeffReicherts,KalamazooCountyHealthandCommunityServicesDepartmentJoanB.Rose,HomerNowlinChairinWaterResearchJoanneWestphal,MichiganStateUniversitySchoolofPlanning,Design,andConstructionAllworkshopmaterials,includingwhitepapersbythespeakersandwebcastsofthepublicseminars,areavailableonlineathttp://www.cws.msu.edu/stormwater.htm.CoverimagesfromArtfulRainwaterDesign(http://www.artfulrainwaterdesign.net),AtelierDreiseitlWaterscapes(http://www.dreiseitl.de/index.php?id=526&lang=en&choice=4&ansicht=bild2),http://photo.bbtoff.com/1600X1200/divers/00660_splash_1280x1024.jpg,andRachelMcNinch.ii
4. Table of ContentsTable of
Contents...........................................................................................................................
iiiThe Workshops Bottom Line
........................................................................................................
1Summary of
Recommendations......................................................................................................
2The Problem of
Stormwater............................................................................................................
3Overview: Purpose and Major
Themes...........................................................................................
5The Workshop
Series......................................................................................................................
9Summary of the
Workshops..........................................................................................................
10Michigan Stormwater Learning Community
................................................................................
17References.....................................................................................................................................
19Appendices....................................................................................................................................
21Appendix A. Resource Guide for Governments and Stormwater
Management Professionals .... 22Appendix B. Stormwater Resources
for the Public
......................................................................
33iii 5. The Workshops Bottom
LineStormwaterrunoff,thewaterflowingoverlandfromrainandsnowmelt,caneitherbeasourceofpollutionoranopportunityforinnovation.Unfortunately,itiscommonlyasourceofpollution.Stormwaterrunoff,inbothurbanandagriculturalenvironments,canwashpollutantssuchasnutrients,pathogens,metals,andtoxinsoffthesurfaceofthelandandintowater.AccordingtotheUSEnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA),thisistheleadingcauseofwaterqualityproblemsintheUnitedStatestoday.Wetypicallydealwithstormwater
Stormwater flowsbytryingtogetitoffourpropertydirectly to
waterbodiesasquicklyaspossible.Our without
treatment.communitieshavebuiltgutters,drains,andstormsewerstocollectandconveystormwaterofftheland.Wheredoesitgo?Intoour
Photo: Rachel
McNinchrivers,lakesandstreamsallwithoutanypriortreatment.However,thereisanalternative.Stormwatercanbeviewedasa
Photo: Michael
Wagnerresource,ratherthanaswastetobediscardedasquicklyaspossible.Bymanagingstormwateronsite,manynegativeimpactscanbeavoided.ApproachessuchasLowImpactDevelopment(LID)canbeusedtoreducetheamountofstormwatergeneratedatasiteandtoimprovethewaterqualityoftherunoff.Therearealsoopportunitiesforcollectingandreusingstormwaterandtocreateartfuldesignsthatturnstormwaterrunoffintoanamenity.Thisalternativejusttakesashiftinhowwethinkaboutanddealwithstormwater.Theworkshopparticipants(WaterFellows)inthisWaterFellowsSerieshavecreatedaplanforimprovingMichigansapproachtostormwatermanagement.TheworkshopsbroughttogetherleadingnationalscientistsandpractitionerswithrepresentativesfromMichigansmanywaterstakeholdersingovernment,industry,agriculture,environmentaladvocacy,andhighereducation.The
recommendations summarized below outline the Water Fellows plan.
More details aboutthe science behind the recommendations and the
workshops themselves comprise the rest of thereport.1 6. Summary of
RecommendationsGovernment:governmentsresponsibleforstormwatermanagement,includingmunicipalseparatestormsewersystem(MS4s),
EncourageadoptionandimplementationofLowImpactDevelopment(LID).LocalgovernmentscanrequireLIDapproachesthroughlocalordinancesandcodes.Inaddition,theycanencourageLIDthroughincentivesfordevelopers,usingLIDinlocalgovernmentprojects,sharinginformationaboutLIDprojects,andconductingeducationandoutreachcampaignsforstormwater.
Establishastormwaterutilitytofundstormwaterprojects.Stormwaterutilitiesareusedacrossthecountrytofundstormwaterprograms.ThestormwaterutilityinAnnArborcanserveasamodelforotherlocalgovernmentsacrossthestate.
RequireinspectionandmaintenanceofstormwaterBestManagementPractices(BMPs).ProperinstallationandmaintenanceiscriticalforeffectiveBMPS.
Useawatershedbasedapproach.WaterFellowsrecommendthatlocalgovernmentsworkonthesestormwaterandwaterplanningissuesonawatershedscale.Professionals:governmentstaff,engineers,consultants,landscapers,etc.
IncorporateLIDapproachesindesign.UseLIDtechniquesinsteadoforinconjunctionwithtraditionalstormwatermanagementapproaches(pipeandpond)whendesigningsites.
ShareinformationaboutLIDprojects.Informationaboutdesigns,costs,performance,andmaintenancearevaluabletoothersworkinginthestormwaterarena.Documentcasestudiesandshareinformationsothatotherscanlearnfromcurrentprojects.
Treatstormwaterasaresource,notasawasteproduct.Duringdesign,thinkofhowstormwatercanbeusedonsiteandtheamenitiesthatcanbecreatedwithartfulstormwaterdesign.Public:homeowners,schoolchildren,thegeneralpublic
Takeresponsibilityforrunoff.IncorporateaLIDstrategyonyourproperty(buildaraingarden,redirectdownspouts,useacistern,etc.).
Takechargeworktomakeimprovementsinyourcommunity.Participateinlocalgovernmentbyvolunteeringandservingonlocalcommitteesandcommissionssuchastheplanningcommission,naturalresourcescommittee,etc.
Participateinstormwatereducationandstewardshipactivities.Localgovernments,schools,andorganizationsacrossthestaterunstormwateroutreachcampaigns.Citizenscanparticipateinlocaleventssuchasstreamcleanups,stormdrainlabeling,andconstructingraingardens.
2 7. The Problem of
StormwaterAccordingtotheUSEPA,stormwaterrunoffistheleadingcauseofwaterqualityimpairmentintheUnitedStates.Urbanstormwaterrunoffoccurswhenrainorsnowmeltflowsoverimpervioussurfaces,suchasbuildings,roads,driveways,sidewalks,andcompactedsoils.Alongitsway,stormwaterpicksupdebris,chemicals,bacteria,andotherpollutantsandcarriesthemdirectlytorivers,lakesandstreams.Pollutedstormwaterrunoffcanhavemanyadverseimpactsonplants,animals,andhumans.Forexample,mostwaterbornediseaseoutbreaksintheUnitedStatesareassociatedwithlargestormevents.Impervioussurfacesareakeycomponentofthestormwaterproblem.Impervioussurfacespreventprecipitationfromnaturallyinfiltratingintothesoiland,asaresult,precipitationfallingonthesesurfacesincreasesstormwaterrunoff.Manystudieshaveexaminedtherelationshipbetweenimpervioussurfaceareainawatershedandbiologicalindicatorsofriverandstreamhealth.Fromthesestudieswehavelearnedthatastheamountofimperviousareainawatershedincreases,thebiologicalintegrityofriversandstreamsdeclines.ThispatternisfoundacrosstheUnitedStateswithavarietyofaquaticorganismsusedasenvironmentalhealthindicators,fromfishtoaquaticinsects.Westarttoseenegativeimpactsonaquaticecosystemswhen10%ofawatershediscoveredinimpervioussurfacesandoncethelevelofimpervioussurfaceareareaches25%,stormwaterimpactsseemunavoidable.Photo:
Erin Dreelin Parking lots are just one example of an impervious
surface that does not allow water to infiltrate into the soil.3 8.
Whatarethenegativeimpactsofstormwater?Urbanizationandincreasedimpervioussurfaceareacausechangesinnaturalwaterflowpatternsthataffectallaspectsofaquaticecosystems.Thefrequency,magnitudeandvolumeofwaterincreasebecausemoreprecipitationisdeliveredtoriversandstreamsviasurfacerunofffromstorms.Channelsbecomemoreunstableandbegintoerode.Waterqualitydeclinesduetothepollutants,suchasnutrients,metals,andpathogensthatarecarriedtostreamsinthestormwaterrunoff.Thechangesinwaterqualityandstreamhabitatresultindeclinesinmacroinvertebrateandfishcommunities.Thus,stormwaterrunoffhasthepotentialtonegativelyimpactthephysical,chemicalandbiologicalfeaturesofaquaticecosystems.Inwhichcase,theseurbanwaterbodiesarenolongerabletoprovidecriticalecosystemservicessuchaswaterpurification,wasteassimilation,floodcontrolandmaintenanceofbiodiversity.
Whathasbeendonetoaddresstheseimpacts?Inthepast,
stormwatermanagementfocusedonfloodpreventionand
control.Managementfocusedondecreasingpeakrunoff
ratesandmovingwateroffpropertyasquicklyaspossible.
However,thismeantthatstormwater,andthepollutantsit Photo: Erin
Dreelin carries,movedmorequicklyfromlandtorivers,lakesand
streams.AlteringthenaturalwayinwhichwatermovesStormwater runs over
anasphalt parking lot, picking
throughthelandscapeisamajorreasonforthenegativeup pollutants along
the way.
impactsduetostormwater.Recentmanagementapproachesfocusontryingtomimicmorenaturalflowpatternsinthebuiltenvironment.LowImpactDevelopment(LID)isonemanagementapproachbasedontheprincipleofusingandmimickingnaturalhydrologicpatterns.LIDseekstomanagerainfallatthesourceusingdistributed,decentralizedsmallscalecontrols.ThegoalofLIDistomimicasitespredevelopmenthydrologybyusingdesigntechniquesandbestmanagementpractices(BMPs)thatinfiltrate,filter,store,evaporate,anddetainrunoffclosetoitssource.Thisapproachisalsobasedonthepremisethatstormwaterisnotwaste.Insteadofcollectingandconveyingstormwatertolarge,costly,endofpipefacilitiessuchasdetentionponds,LIDmanagesstormwaterthroughsmall,costeffectivelandscapefeaturesonsite.Suchlandscapefeaturesincluderaingardens,bioretentioncells,swales,andporouspavements.4
9. Overview: Purpose and Major
ThemesTheStormwaterWorkshopSerieswasdesignedtobringtogethernationallyrenownedstormwaterexpertsandindividuals(WaterFellows)whohaveaninterestandstakeinthefutureofwaterresourcesintheStateofMichigan.Thegoalofthe2009workshopserieswastolearnabouttheimpactsofstormwateronMichiganswaterresourcesandtoexplorepotentialsolutions.Severalmajorthemesemergedduringtheworkshops:
StormwatermanagementinMichiganshouldfocusonsourcecontrolandreducingtheamountofstormwaterrunoffgeneratedatasite.TraditionalapproachestomanagingstormwaterinMichiganfocusonreducingpeakflows.However,thisapproachdoesnotaddressanyofthenegativeimpactscausedbytheincreaseinvolumeofstormwater.Newapproachestostormwatermanagement,suchasLID,focusonsourcecontrol.Sourcecontrolusesonsitetechniquesnearthesourceofstormwatertoreduceandmanagestormwaterquantityandimprovewaterquality.
Fundingstormwatermanagementprogramsisachallengefacedbymanylocalgovernmentsandthestateneedstofindmechanismstoprovidededicatedfundingforlocalgovernmentstormwaterprograms.TherearecurrentlylegalconstraintswhichneedtobeovercomeinthestateofMichigantoappropriatelyfundstormwaterprograms.Optionsincludebutarenotlimitedtostormwaterutilities,grants,dedicatedfundingthroughuserfeesandbonding.
MichiganshouldencourageLIDinplanningandpractice.BothlocalcommunitiesandthestateneedtoexamineregulationsandincentivestoimplementLIDinexistingandnewdevelopment.
Stormwatermanagementneedstorecognizeandaddressclimatechange.Thecurrentdesignsforstormwaterinfrastructurehavebeenbasedonhistoricalprecipitationandflowdata.However,duetoclimatechange,futureconditionscannotbeadequatelypredictedbasedontheserecords.FuturestormwatermanagementneedstoAll
workshop materialsrecognizethatclimatechangewillalterare available
online at
http://www.cws.msu.edu/precipitationandflowpatterns.Wewillneedtostormwater.htmplanforadaptive,resilientstormwaterinfrastructure.
Thestateneedstoimproveandexpandeducationprogramsforwatershedmanagement,includingstormwater,andincorporatethemintothestatebenchmarks.Thereisaneedtoteachchildrenaboutwatershedsandincorporatewatershedmanagement,includingstormwaterissues,intoschoolcurricula(K12anduniversity)andthestatestandards.Thereisalsoaneedtobroadentraining5
10.
atalllevelsandexamineinterdisciplinaryapproachestoeducationthatincludemultipleaudiences.Inaddition,localgovernments,professionalsandcommunitiesshoulduse,partnerwith,andactivelyengagewithuniversities.ManyofthesegroupswouldalsobenefitfromhavingaccesstoeducationaltoolsforadvocatinginnovativestormwatermanagementapproachessuchasLID.
LocalgovernmentsandprofessionalsneedonedefinitiveMichiganspecificsourceofeasilyaccessibleinformationonstormwatermanagement.Therearethousandsofwebsitesthatcontainstormwaterinformation,whichmakesfindingrelevantinformationachallenge.ThestatewouldbenefitfromcreatingasinglecrediblewebsitethatisinteractiveandprovidesuptodateinformationonresourcesforstormwatermanagementinMichigan.What
Was Discussed at the
Workshops?ThespeakersandWaterFellowsdiscussedsixtopicsattheworkshops:
Climatechange,stormwaterandMichigan
Stormwaterassessmentandmonitoring
GovernanceStructures:AnExamplefromtheOhioRiverSanitationCommission
EcosystemImpactsandApproaches
GreenBestManagementPracticesandLowImpactDevelopment
GettingCreativewithStormwater:ArtfulRainwaterDesignAllmaterialsfromtheworkshops,includingwebcastsofthepublicseminar,whitepapers,andpresentations,areavailableonlinefromtheCenterforWaterSciencesatMichiganStateUniversity(http://www.cws.msu.edu/stormwater.htm).Assessment
of Status & Needs: Where are we
now?ManycommunitiesacrossMichiganarenowfacedwithstormwaterissuesandalthoughmanycommunitiesrecognizetheneedtomanagestormwater,addressingtheproblemischallengingbecauseofseveralcriticalknowledgegaps:
LocalgovernmentsinMichiganlackfinancialmechanismstosupportlocalstormwaterprograms.ManycommunitiesacrosstheUSfinancetheirstormwaterprogramsthroughstormwaterutilities;however,becauseoftheBoltdecision(Boltv.CityofLansing,459Mich152,1998;seetextbox)creatingastormwaterutilityinMichigancanbeachallenge.CasestudiesareneededtodemonstratehowcommunitiesinMichigancancreatetheirownfundingmechanisms.
Michiganlacksinformationonhowtoeffectivelyimplementnewapproachestostormwatermanagement,includingLID.Althoughinformationonstormwatermanagementtechniquesisavailableandthestatehasdevelopeda
6 11. LIDmanual,thereisstillaknowledgegapwhenitcomes Stormwater
Utilities in Michigantoactualontheground
Astormwaterutilityfeeissimilartowaterandsewer
fees;peoplepayfortheserviceofhavingstormwaterimplementationofLIDand
removedfromtheirproperty.Stormwaterutilitiesarewhatpoliciesneedtobeusedtofundlocalgovernmentstormwateradoptedand/orrevisedto
managementprograms.However,inBoltv.Cityof
Lansing,theMichiganSupremeCourtruledthatencourageimplementation.
LansingsstormwaterutilityfeeswereataxbecauseofEffectiveimplementationhowthefeeswerestructuredandbecausethefeeswereincludesensuringcorrect
beingusedtopayforcapitalinvestmentsandservices.
Asaresult,localgovernmentsinMichiganhavenotinstallation,maintenance,pursuedcreatingstormwaterutilities.Atthetimethisinspectionsandincorporating
reportwasprepared,legislationwaspendinginthedynamicandevolvingMichiganSenate(SB0256)thatwouldallowalocalunit
ofgovernmenttoadoptastormwaterutilityordinanceinformationregarding
providingforastormwatersystemdevelopmenttechniquesandBMPs.Michigan
chargeand/orastormwaterutilityfeeonrealpropertyalsodoesnothavealongtermtofinanceastormwatermanagementprogram.This
wouldeasethewayforlocalgovernmentstocreatehistoryimplementingLID,sostormwaterutilities.thereisanexperiencegap.
Thereisalackofeffectivestormwatereducationalprogramsatmultiplelevels.Fromprimaryschoolstouniversities,stormwaterisnotcurrentlybroadlyintegratedintothecurriculum.Also,MichigancurrentlylackscertificationprogramsforBMPinstallationandmaintenance.StormwatershouldbepartofsciencecurriculuminK12education.Stormwaterscience,researchandeducationatouruniversitiesneedtobesupportedandadvancedacrossmultipledisciplines.InadditionacertificationandrecertificationprogramshouldbedevelopedtoeffectivelytrainthosewhoinstallandmaintainBMPs.Framework
for the
FutureGiventhechallengesindealingwithstormwater,theWaterFellowsrecommendcreatinganonlineMichiganStormwaterLearningCommunitywebsiteasameanstoprovidethetechnicalassistanceneededtomovestormwatermanagementinMichiganforward.Thesitewouldserveasacentralhubforstormwaterinformationandnetworking.TheLearningCommunitywouldmeetseveralidentifiedneedsbyprovidingasingle,userfriendlysourceofstormwaterinformationforMichigan;creatinganinteractivesitewhereuserscanproviderankings,comments,andfeedbackontheinformationonthesite;andprovidingavenueforcommunicationandnetworking.WediscusstheLearningCommunityideainmoredetailintheMichiganStormwaterLearningCommunitysectionofthisreport.7
12.
InadditiontothecreationofaLearningCommunitywebsite,theWaterFellowsdevelopedrecommendationsforseveraltargetaudiences:government,stormwaterprofessionals,andthepublic.Duringthecourseoftheworkshopseries,severaladditionalrecommendationsunrelatedtothesecategoriesalsoaroseandwehaveincludedthemundertheothercategory.Followingarethemainrecommendationsforeachtargetaudience:Government:
OfferincentivesfordeveloperstouseLID
Establishastormwaterutilitytofundstormwaterprojects
AdoptapostconstructionstormwaterordinancethatpromotesLID
DosmallLIDprojectstodemonstratesuccess
ShareinformationaboutLIDprojects(designs,costs,maintenance)and
documentcasestudies RequireinspectionsandmaintenanceofBMPs
Createeffectiveeducationandoutreachcampaignsregardinglanddevelopment
andbehaviorstoreducestormwaterpollutiono
Inmessagestothepublic,whereapplicable:linkstormwaterwithgreen
economyandqualityoflifeissuesProfessionals:
IncorporateLIDapproachesindesign
ShareinformationaboutLIDprojects(designs,costs,performance,maintenance)anddocumentcasestudies
Treatstormwaterasaresource,notasawasteproduct,andthinkofamenitiesthatcanbecreatedwithartfulstormwaterdesign.Public:
Takeresponsibilityforrunoffonyourproperty
IncorporateanLIDstrategyonyourproperty(buildaraingarden,redirectdownspouts,useacistern,etc.)
LearnaboutstormwaterbyparticipatinginlocalstormwateractivitiesOther:
Createacertificationprogramforinstallationandmaintenance
CreateacentralhubforstormwaterandLIDinformation8 13. The Workshop
SeriesParticipantsTheSteeringCommittee,whoorganizedtheworkshopseries,invitedindividualsfromacrossMichigantoparticipateasWaterFellows.TheWaterFellowsareagroupofcitizensfromMichiganwhorepresentdiversebackgroundsincludinggovernment,industry,agriculture,academia,andenvironmentalorganizationsandhaveaninterestinwaterresourcesinMichigan.Structure
of the
WorkshopsTheworkshopsfeaturednationallyrecognizedscientistsandprofessionalswhoareexpertsinsubjectsregardingstormwater.Theseexpertsgavepubliclecturesthatintroducedthelatestscientificknowledgeandcuttingedgetechnologiestoaddressproblemsinvolvingstormwater.Theworkshopspeakersalsoeachwroteawhitepaperontheirrespectivetopicsfortheseries.Afterthepubliclecturesbythespeaker,theWaterFellowsandspeaker(s)discussedthetopicofthedayinafacilitatedinteractivesession.Therewereseveralguidingquestionsusedtodirecttheinteractivediscussionsessionsatalloftheworkshops.Theguidingquestionsfellintothreecategories:basicscienceandknowledge,approachesforaddressingstormwater,andpolicyquestions.
Basicscience&knowledge o
Whataretheimpactsofstormwaterrunoffonwaterresources?
Ecosystems?Humanhealth? o
Whatbestmanagementpracticescanbeusedtomanagestormwater? o
Howeffectivearethosebestmanagementpractices? Approaches o
Whataresuccessfultechniquesforpreventingstormwaterimpacts? o
WhatarepotentialsolutionsthatwouldworkinMichigan? o
Howcanwedesignlandscapesthatmeethumanneedswhileminimizing
stormwaterrunoff? Policy o
Whatarethecostsandfinancialincentivesassociatedwithstormwater
management? o
Whatinformationdoesthestate,localgovernmentandprofessionalsneed
toaddressthestormwaterissuesuccessfully? o
Whatincentivesareneededtoencouragenovelapproachestostormwater
management,suchasLowImpactDevelopment?Theseguidingquestionswerediscussedatalloftheworkshopsinadditiontospecificquestionsaboutthetopicoftheday.9
14. Summary of the
WorkshopsAllmaterialsfromtheworkshopsareavailableonlineathttp://www.cws.msu.edu/stormwater.htm.Thematerialsincludewebcastsofthepublicseminar,slidesfromthepresentations,whitepapersbythespeakers,linkstoresources,andallproductsfromtheseries.Belowweprovideabriefsummaryofthesixworkshops.1.
Climate Change, Stormwater and
MichiganDr.AlanSteinman,DirectorofGrandValleyStatesAnnisWaterResearchInstitutebegantheworkshopserieswithanoverviewofstormwaterissuesinMichigan.Liketherestofthecountry,manystreamsandriversinMichiganareexperiencingtheurbanstreamsyndromeduetostormwaterimpacts(Table1).Thissyndromeistypicalofwaterbodiesinurbanareaswithhighamountsofimperviouscover.Dr.SteinmanalsopresentedinformationontherelationshipbetweenstormwaterandclimatechangeinMichigan.Hespokeaboutseveralstudiesthathaveexaminedpotentialimpacts.ClimatemodelprojectionsforthesouthernWisconsinregionshowthatextremehighprecipitationeventswillbecome10to40%stronger(Patzetal.2008).IntheGreatLakesregion,precipitationeventsofgreaterthan2to2.5in(56cm)oftenresultinstormwaterdischargeofcontaminantsintowaterbodies(McLellanetal.2007).TheanalysisbyPatzetal.(2008)revealedthatthefrequencyofeventsexceedingthe2
10 15.
to2.5inthresholdisanticipatedtoincreaseby50to120%bytheendofthe21stcentury.Theyconcludedthatwithoutimprovementstoourwasteandstormwaterinfrastructure,theseextremeeventsmayoverwhelmthecombinedsewersystemsandleadtooverfloweventsthatthreatenhumanhealthandtherecreationalbasedeconomyintheregion.Climatechangeisnotonlyanissueforthestate,butiscurrentlyoneofthemostvigorouslydebatedtopicsonEarth(Easterling2009).TheNationalEnvironmentalSatellite,Data,andInformationService(NESDIS)datacentersarecentraltoansweringsomeofthemostpressingglobalclimatechangequestionsthatremainunresolved.WewereprivilegedtohaveDr.DavidEasterlingoftheNationalClimaticDataCenterpresentthelatestclimatechangeinformationattheworkshopseries.Dr.Easterlingprovidedanoverviewofknownobservationsandprojectionsaboutclimatechange.TheobservedandprojectedchangesduetoclimatechangeandpotentialimpactsfortheMidwesternUSaresummarizedinTable2.2.
Stormwater Assessment and
MonitoringMr.RogerBannerman,fromtheWisconsinDepartmentofNaturalResources,providedexamplesfromWisconsinonmonitoringstormwaterimpacts,theeffectivenessofBMPs,andoverallapproachtostormwaterinWisconsin.StormwatermanagementinWisconsinfocusesonseveralimportantresourcemanagementquestions:
Whatarethedesignatedusesforthewaterbodyofinterest?
Arethedesignatedusesbeingachieved?
Whatpollutantsorfactors(suchasflow)areimpactingtheresource? Photo:
Michael Wagner Whatarethepollutantreductiongoals?Monitoring is an
important part of assessingpollutants impacting water resources and
Whatarethesourcesofthepollutants?effectiveness of management. The
vial on the Whatarethemostcosteffectiveleft was collected at an
asphalt parking lot, thevial on the right was collected at a
parking lottreatmentpractices?constructed with porous pavement.
Whatareweachieving?Mr.BannermandiscussedmultipleexamplesofstormwaterprojectsacrossWisconsin.Theseexamplesdemonstratethatinfiltrationpractices,suchasraingardensandbioretentionareas,canbeeffectiveintheGreatLakesregion.Thesepracticeshavethepotentialtoreducestormwatervolumeandpeakrunoffratesaswellaspollutantloadsinrunoff.11
16. Table 2. Summary of observed and projected changes and impacts
on water resources in the Midwestern UnitedStates (OH, MI, IN, IL,
WI, MN, IA, MO) due to climate change (from Karl et al.
2009)ObservedChangesin ClimateChangeProjections2
ClimateChangeImpacts Climate1Anoticeableincreaseinaverage
Heatwaveswillbecomemorefrequent,moresevere,andDuringthesummer,publictemperaturesintheMidwestlongerlastinghealthandqualityoflife,hasbeenobserved,despitetheespeciallyincities,willbeWaterbornediseaseswillpresentanincreasingrisktostrongyeartoyearvariations.
negativelyaffectedbyincreasingpublichealthbecausemanypathogensthriveinwarmer
heatwaves,reducedairquality,Thelengthofthefrostfreeorconditions.
andinsectandwaterbornegrowingseasonhasbeenHighertemperatureswillmeanmoreevaporationanddiseases.Inthewinter,warmingextendedbymorethanonethereforealikelyreductionintheGreatLakeswaterlevels.
willhavemixedimpacts.week,mainlyduetoearlierReducedlakeiceincreasesevaporationinwinter,datesforthelastspringfrost.SignificantreductionsinGreatcontributingtothedecline.Lakelevelsprojectedtofall
Lakeswaterlevels,whichareHeavydownpoursarenowbetween1and2feet
projectedunderhighertwiceasfrequentastheywereaPrecipitationisprojectedtoincreaseinwinterandspring,emissionsscenarios,leadtocenturyago.andtobecomemoreintensethroughouttheyear.
impactsonshipping,Bothsummerandwinterinfrastructure,beaches,andInthesummer,withincreasingevaporationratesandecosystems.precipitationhavebeenabovelongerperiodsbetweenrainfalls,thelikelihoodofdroughtaverageforthelastthreewillincreaseandwaterlevelsinrivers,streams,andThelikelyincreaseindecades,thewettestperiodinawetlandsarelikelytodecline.
precipitationinwinterandcentury.
spring,moreheavydownpours,Reducedsummerwaterlevelsarealsolikelytoreducethe
andgreaterevaporationinDecreaseinlakeice,includingrechargeofgroundwater,causesmallstreamstodryupsummerwouldleadtomoreontheGreatLakes.(reducingnativefishpopulations),andreducetheareaofperiodsofbothfloodsandwaterSincethe1980s,largeheatwetlandsintheMidwest.deficits.waveshavebeenmorefrequentTheprojectedincreaseinwinterandspringprecipitation
WhilethelongergrowingintheMidwestthananytimeinandfloodingislikelytodelayplantingandcrop
seasonprovidesthepotentialforthelastcentury,establishment.increasedcropyields,increasesinheatwaves,floods,droughts,Diseasecausingpathogens,insectpests,andweeds(includinginvasiveweeds)projectedtoincrease.
insects,andweedswillpresent
increasingchallengestoPlantwinterhardinesszones(eachzonerepresentsa10F
managingcrops,livestock,andchangeinminimumtemperature)intheMidwestarelikelyforests.toshiftonehalftoonefullzoneaboutevery30years.
NativespeciesareverylikelytoInsomelakes,increasesinairandwatertemperaturewillfaceincreasingthreatsfromleadtoanearlierandlongerperiodinsummerduring
rapidlychangingclimatewhichmixingoftherelativelywarmsurfacelakewaterconditions,pests,diseases,andwiththecolderwaterbelowisreduced.
invasivespeciesmovinginfrom
Allmajorgroupsofanimals,includingbirds,mammals, warmerregions.
amphibians,reptiles,andinsects,willbeaffectedby
impactsonlocalpopulations,andbycompetitionfrom
otherspeciesmovingintotheMidwestregion.1Since1970sunlessotherwisestated2Underhighemissionsscenario12
17. 3. Governance Structures: An Example from
ORSANCOMr.AlanVicory,ExecutiveDirectorandChiefEngineeroftheOhioRiverValleyWaterSanitationCommission(ORSANCO),discussedORSANCOasamodelforregionalgovernanceofwaterresources.ORSANCOwascreatedbyastatecompactamongthestatesofIllinois,Indiana,Kentucky,NewYork,Ohio,Pennsylvania,VirginiaandWestVirginiatoaddressinterstatepollutionproblemsalongtheOhioRiver.ORSANCOsprincipalauthoritiesareto:
Studythepollutionproblemsofthe OhioValleydrainagewithinthe
signatorystates(termedtheOhio RiverValleyWaterSanitation
District)andreporttothestateson thoseproblems.
Recommenduniformstatelegislation aimedateliminatinginterstatewater
pollution. Adoptofstandardsoftreatmentfor Photo: Michael Wagner
dischargesofpollutiontointerstate This urban stream has been
degraded due toincreases in stormwater runoff volume,
streams(intheDistrict).frequency and magnitude. Changes in storm
Consultwithanypartyorentitywith flows cause a cascade of impacts
for streams,from destabilizing channels to declining water
regardtopollutionproblemsinthe quality. District.
ORSANCOisfundedbythestatesinvolvedandafederalCleanWaterActgrant(Section106),withsupplementaryfundsforspecialprojectsfromavarietyofgrantingsources.ORSANCOdemonstratestheeffectivenessandstrengthsofaregionalauthorityforwatermanagement.Forexample,theCommissionhasestablishedanextensivemonitoringnetworkintheOhioRiverbasinthatprovidescriticaldataformanagementdecisions,hascreatedanearlydetectionsystemforspills,isinvolvedinestablishingstreamcriteria,anddelineationofbestavailabletechnologiesfortreatmentofwastes.ORSANCOisanindependentbutmultijurisdictionalagency.Itrepresentsthestatescollectively,butnostateindividually.Thecommitmentofthememberstothemultijurisdictionalauthorityiscriticalforsuccess.InthecaseofORSANCO,thestateshaveformallycommittedtheircooperationandarethusanswerabletoeachotherinwhattheyareandarenotdoingrelativetothatcommitment.Suchamodelcanbeemployedatanylevelofgovernmentorformultiplelevelsofgovernment.13
18. 4. Ecosystem Impacts and
ApproachesThepremiseofMr.DavidDrullingerspresentationwasthatrunoffvolumereduction(orvolumecontrol)alonecanprovidemeasurablereductionofimpactsonreceivingwaters.Volumecontrolholdspromiseacrossavarietyoflanduses,pollutanttypes,andwetweatherevents.Thesuccessofvolumecontroldependsonproofthatitiseffective,economical,andsustainable.Volumecontrolstrategies,suchasbioretentionandotherLIDtechniques,showpromiseforbothurbanandagriculturallanduses.Dr.LaurieFowlerfromtheUniversityofGeorgiasOdumSchoolofEcology,presentedacasestudyfromtheEtowahRiverwatershed.ResearchesandlocalgovernmentsintheEtowahwatershedaredevelopingaHabitatConservationPlan(HCP)undertheEndangeredSpeciesActinordertoprotectthreatenedandendangeredfishspeciesintheEtowahRiveranditstributaries.PartoftheHCPisarunofflimitsprogramthatrequiresnonetincreasesintheamountofstormwatergeneratedatasite(volumeandpeakrunoffrates)inpriorityareasinthewatershed.Inlowerpriorityareas,slightincreasesinstormwaterrunoff,ascomparedtopredevelopmentconditions,areallowed.Therunofflimitsprogramcanbeusedasamodelforotherpartsofthecountry.5.
Green Best Management Practices and Low Impact
DevelopmentDr.WilliamHunt,NorthCarolinaStateUniversityandMs.AmyMangus,SoutheasternMichiganCouncilofGovernments(SEMCOG)discussedgreenBMPsandLID.Dr.HuntpresentedanoverviewofgreenBMPs,suchasraingardens,bioinfiltration,andporouspavementsthathaveprovedeffectiveinmanypartsofthecountry.Properdesign,installationandmaintenancearecriticalfortheeffectivenessoftheseBMPs.NorthCarolinahasstartedasuccessfultrainingandcertificationprogramforthoseinstallingandmaintainingstormwaterBMPstoensuretheirsuccess.Ms.MangusdiscussedthenewLIDmanual,developedbySEMCOGandpartnersforthestateofMichigan.TheMichiganLIDmanualprovidesdesigninformationonLIDpracticesandmodelordinancesforcommunitiestoadoptinordertoencourageLID.ManyinformationalresourcesforLIDexist;however,thecurrentchallengeisinimplementation,particularlygiventhepooreconomy.AlthoughmanystudieshaveshownthatLIDandwaterprotectionhaveeconomicbenefits,manycommunitiesarehesitanttojumpintoLIDbymandatingitfromdevelopment.InMichigan,LIDimplementationhasevolvedbyintegratingLIDintomunicipalprojectsandslowlyintegratingitthroughoutthecommunity.ProvidingdemonstrationsitesshowsdevelopersandcommunitiesthatcertaintechnologiescanbesuccessfulinMichigan14
19.
andmeetregulatoryapproval.Ms.Manguspresented10tipsforimplementingLIDinMichigan:
1. ImplementLIDinlocalgovernmentprojects:leadbyexample 2.
Protectsensitiveandspecialvaluefeatures 3.
Usenativeplantstovegetateorrevegetateareas 4.
Minimizedisturbedareas 5. Reduceimpervioussurfaces 6.
Usegoodhousekeepingpractices 7.
UpdateplansandpoliciestoincorporateLID 8.
DevelopordinancesthatdirectlysupportLIDimplementation 9.
Educatethepublic 10.
ProvideincentivesThislasttipiscriticalandincentivessuchasallowingforastateincometaxcreditforqualifyingLIDtechniquesandofferingabonussuchasincreasedfloorarea(e.g.,floorarearatio)ifLIDpracticesareusedthataccomplishstormwatermanagementgoalsarepossibilities.GovernmentscouldalsoaccelerateplanreviewsforsiteplansimplementingLIDtechniques,reducefeeschargedtotheapplicant(e.g.,planreviewfees,utilityfees)forsiteplansimplementingLIDtechniques,andofferadensitybonus(e.g.,allowforanadditionallot)todevelopmentsthatimplementLIDpractices.
Photo: Erin DreelinA bioinfiltration area in a residential
neighborhood captures stormwater.15 20. 6. Getting Creative with
Stormwater: Artful Rainwater
DesignMr.PatrickJudd,ConservationDesignForumandDr.StuartEchols,PennsylvaniaStateUniversitydiscussedhowstormwatercanbeusedasanamenity.Bothgaveexamplesofsitedesignsthattreatstormwaterasaresource,intermsofwateruseandaesthetics.Thepresentationsdemonstratedthatstormwaterdesigncanaccomplishmultiplegoalsincludingreducingthevolumeandpeakrateofrunoff,reducingpollutantloads,andservingasanamenity.All
images from Artful Rainwater Design
http://www.artfulrainwaterdesign.net/projectsStormwater management
can be artful. Designs can serve multiple purposes, achieving water
quality improvementswhile creating enjoyable spaces for people.
Images: Drawings from Willow Run Park project; Second from left,
TheDell; far right, Growing Vine Project from Artful Rainwater
Design.16 21. Michigan Stormwater Learning
CommunityTheWaterFellowsrecommendedcreatinganonlinelearningcommunitythroughaninteractivewebsiteforlearningaboutstormwatermanagementinMichigan.Thissitewouldprovideonestopshoppingforstormwaterinformationforthestate.Itwouldbedesignedwiththreetargetaudiencesinmind:localgovernments,stormwaterprofessionals,andthepublic.Thesitewouldproviderecommendationsandresourcestailoredtoeachaudience.Inaddition,itwouldincludemeanstofindcollaboratorsandfundingopportunitiesforstormwaterprojects.IncentivesforparticipatingintheLearningCommunityincludeadvertisingonthesiteaswellashighlightinglocalprojects.Content
and
StructureThewebsitewouldbeorganizedsimilartotheSustainabilityScienceatMichiganStateUniversitywebsite(http://espp.msu.edu/sustain/index.html).Thehomepageofthesitewouldprovidelinksforthetargetaudiencesaswellaslinkstogodirectlytoasearchforcollaboratorsandfundingopportunities(Figure1).Inordertousethesite,usersmustregisterandprovidetheircontactinformationwhichwillbeusedtoaddthemtothesearchabledatabaseofcollaborators.ClickingononeofthetargetaudiencelinkswouldtakeausertoapagewiththeWaterFellowsrecommendationsforthattargetaudienceaswellaslinkstoresources.Theseresourceswouldincludeguidanceonimplementingtherecommendations,casestudiesfromMichigan,andstormwaterinformationresourcesfromaroundthecountry(seeAppendices).An
Interactive
ResourceThewebsitewouldallowuserstorateandcommentoninformationpresentedonthesite.TheWaterFellowsenvisionaratingsystemsimilartoreviewsonAmazon.com.Inthisway,userscanquicklysortthroughinformationbasedonwhatothershavefoundmosthelpful.Inaddition,userswillbeabletocommentandsubmitadditionalresources.Thesitemanagerswoulddevelopastandardformatforcasestudiessouserscouldsubmittheirownworkforinclusiononthesiteafterapprovalbythewebsitemanager.Inaddition,thesitewillallowregistereduserstoaskthelearningcommunityquestionsandposechallengestothegroupconcerningdifficultstormwatermanagementsitesorfailuresofBMPs.17
22. Figure 1. Site map for the Michigan Stormwater Learning
Community website Home Page Local Professionals
PublicFindingFindingGovernmentsFundingCollaboratorsRecommendedRecommended
Recommended List of Search for ActionsActions
ActionsResourcesCollaborators Resources Resources Resources 18 23.
ReferencesDrullinger,D.2009.StormwaterRunoffVolumeReductiontoProtectSurfaceWaters.White
paperpreparedfortheMSUCenterforWaterSciencesStormwaterWaterFellows
Series.Availableonlineathttp://www.cws.msu.edu/stormwaterEasterling,D.R.2008.ObservedandProjectedClimateChange.Whitepaperpreparedforthe
MSUCenterforWaterSciencesStormwaterWaterFellowsSeries.Availableonlineat
http://www.cws.msu.edu/documents/Easterlingclimatechange2008.pdfEchols,S.2008.Artfulrainwaterdesignintheurbanlandscape.JournalofGreenBuilding2(4):
119.Echols,S.andE.Pennypacker.2008.Stormwaterasamenity:Theapplicationofartfulrainwater
design.11thInternationalConferenceonUrbanDrainage,Edinburgh,Scotland,UK.Hunt,W.F.andW.G.Lord.2006.BioretentionPerformance,Design,Construction,and
Maintenance.NorthCarolinaCooperativeExtensionService.Availableonlineat
http://www.bae.ncsu.edu/stormwater/PublicationFiles/Bioretention2006.pdf.Hunt,W.F.andK.A.Collins.2008.PermeablePavement:ResearchUpdateandDesign
Implications.NorthCarolinaCooperativeExtensionService.Availableonlineat
http://www.bae.ncsu.edu/stormwater/PublicationFiles/PermPave2008.pdfKarlT.R.,J.M.Melillo,andT.C.Peterson,(eds.).2009.GlobalClimateChangeImpactsinthe
UnitedStates.CambridgeUniversityPress,NewYork.Availableonlineat
http://www.globalchange.gov/publications/reports/scientificassessments/usimpacts.Mangus,A.2009.Implementingenvironmentalprotectionduringaneconomicturndown:Low
ImpactDevelopmentandgreeninfrastructuremake$ense.Whitepaperpreparedforthe
MSUCenterforWaterSciencesStormwaterWaterFellowsSeries.AvailableonlineatMcLellan,S.L.,E.J.Hollis,M.M.Depas,M.VanDyke,J.Harris,andC.O.Scopel.2007.
DistributionandfateofEscherichiacoliinLakeMichiganfollowingcontaminationwith
urbanstormwaterandcombinedseweroverflows.JournalofGreatLakesResearch33:
566580.Patchett,J.M.andG.S.Wilhelm.2008.Theecologyandcultureofwater.Conservation
ResearchInstitute.Availableonlineat
http://www.cws.msu.edu/documents/Judd_Ecology_and_Culture_of_Water.pdf.Patz,J.A.,S.J.Vavrus,C.K.Uejio,andS.L.McLellan.2008.Climatechangeandwaterborne
diseaseriskintheGreatLakesregionoftheU.S.AmericanJournalofPreventive
Medicine35:451458.Steinman,A.D.2009.AnOverviewofStormwaterinMichigan:ImpactsandSolutions.White
paperpreparedfortheMSUCenterforWaterSciencesStormwaterWaterFellows
Series.Availableonlineat
http://www.cws.msu.edu/documents/whitepaper_ads_jan09.pdfVicory,A.2009.IntergovernmentalCooperationandPublicPrivatePartnershipsforWater
QualityManagementintheOhioRiverValleyTheORSANCOExperience.White
paperpreparedfortheMSUCenterforWaterSciencesStormwaterWaterFellows
Series.Availableonlineathttp://www.cws.msu.edu/documents/Vicory_whitepaper.pdf19
24.
Walsh,C.J.,A.H.Roy,J.F.Feminella,P.D.Cottingham,P.M.Groffman,andR.PMorganII.
2005b.Theurbanstreamsyndrome:currentknowledgeandthesearchforacure.
JournaloftheNorthAmericanBenthologicalSociety24:706723.Wenger,S.J.,T.L.Carter,R.A.Vick,andL.A.Fowler.2008.RunoffLimits:Anecologically
basedstormwatermanagementprogram.StormwaterMagazine.Availableonlineat
http://www.stormh2o.com/marchapril2008/ecologicallystormwater
management.aspx. 20 25. Appendices
A.ResourceGuideforGovernmentsandStormwaterManagementProfessionals
B.ResourceGuidefortheGeneralPublic21 26. Appendix A. Resource Guide
for Governments andStormwater Management ProfessionalsThis guide
provides a list of helpful resources for local governments and
professionals responsible for stormwatermanagement. The list is
based on EPAs Resource List for Stormwater Management Programs
(Revised May 2007,EPA 833-F-04-003) with additions and revisions by
the Water Fellows. It is by no means a comprehensive list, butwe
encourage you to explore these resources.This guide is divided into
several sections: General stormwater information Public education
and outreach Illicit discharge detection and elimination
Construction site runoff control Post-construction site runoff
control Pollution prevention/good housekeeping Funding Sources
Artful stormwater design Stormwater management manuals from Great
Lakes states Michigan-specific resourcesGeneral Stormwater
InformationEPA Stormwater Website Contains technical and regulatory
information about the NPDES stormwater program.It is organized
according to the three types of regulated stormwater discharges:
construction activities, industrialactivities, municipal separate
storm sewer systems.www.epa.gov/npdes/stormwaterAmerican Water
Resources Association (AWRA) - the American Water Resources
Association is a non-profitprofessional association dedicated to
the advancement of men and women in water resources management,
research,and education. The website provides links to publications
such as the Journal of the American Water ResourcesAssociation
(must be member to access) as well as other publications, events,
and water news.http://www.awra.orgCatching the Rain: a Great Lakes
Resource Guide for Natural Stormwater Management - This report
byAmerican Rivers outlines natural stormwater management approaches
appropriate for the Great Lakes region. Itdemonstrates alternative
stormwater management
techniques.www.americanrivers.org/site/DocServer/CatchingTheRain.pdf?docID=163Center
for Watershed Protection The Center for Watershed Protection works
to protect, restore, and enhanceour streams, rivers, lakes,
wetlands, and bays. Their site has many resources and publications
on watershedprotection topics including stormwater management and
better site design.http://cwp.org/2003 Construction General Permit
This 59-page document is EPAs new Construction General Permit
(CGP).www.epa.gov/npdes/pubs/cgp2003_entirepermit.pdfConstruction
General Permit Describes EPAs construction general permit and
provides links to fact sheets andthe new electronic notice of
intent web site.www.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/cgpConstruction
Industry Compliance Assistance Center Developed by the National
Center for ManufacturingSciences, provides explanations of
environmental rules for the construction industry. Also provided
are links todetailed information, including state regulations and
otherresources.www.cicacenter.org 22 27. EnviroFacts Data Warehouse
EPAs one-stop resource for environmental topics. Includes advanced
searchcapabilities for maps, reports and
queries.www.epa.gov/enviro/index_java.htmlEPAs Electronic
Stormwater Notice of Intent (eNOI) Homepage Allows construction
sites and Industrialfacilities to apply for EPAs General
Construction Permit (GCP) or Multi-Sector General Permit
(MSGP-2000)electronically.www.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/enoiFact
Sheet on EPAs 2003 Construction General Permit This 38-page
document describes EPAs ConstructionGeneral
Permit.www.epa.gov/npdes/pubs/cgp2003_fs.pdfGreening Stormwater-
Publication by American
Rivershttp://www.americanrivers.org/library/reports-publications/greening-stormwater.htmlInstitutional
Aspects of Urban Runoff Management: A Guide for Program Development
and Implementation This book by The Watershed Management Institute
contains a comprehensive review of the institutionalframeworks
behind successful urban runoff management programs. Includes
summaries of 32 successful
programs.http://www.stormwater.ucf.edu/publications/urban_runoff.pdfInternational
Stormwater Best Management Practices (BMP) Database Developed under
a cooperativeagreement between EPA and ASCE, provides access to BMP
performance data for 200 BMP studies conducted overthe past 15
years.www.bmpdatabase.org/Local Water Policy Innovation: A Road Map
for Community Based Stormwater
Solutionshttp://www.americanrivers.org/library/reports-publications/local-water-policy-innovation.htmlMenu
of Best Management Practices (BMPs) for Phase II Contains more than
100 fact sheets detailing BMPsfor each minimum control
measures.www.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/menuofbmpsMeasurable Goals
Guidance EPA developed this website to help small MS4 communities
select measurablegoals to evaluate their
program.http://www.epa.govwww.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/measurablegoalsNonpoint
Source News Notes A periodic report on the condition of
water-related environment, the control ofnonpoint water pollution
and ecological management and restoration of
wetlands.www.epa.gov/newsnotes/NPDES News Use this website to sign
up for EPAs NPDES News listserver to receive updates on the
EPAsNPDES
program.http://cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/newsregister.cfmNonpoint Source
Pollution Information (NPSINFO) Listserve A forum for open
discussion of nonpoint sourcepollution issues. Participants
exchange information on urban runoff, hydrologic modification,
technology and more.Sponsored by the EPAs Office of Wetlands,
Oceans and
Watersheds.www.epa.gov/OWOW/info/NewsNotes/notifi.htmStormwater:
The Journal for Surface Water Quality Professionals Features
articles, interviews and newsabout water quality improvement and
protection.http://stormh2o.com/sw.htmlStormwater Authority A
comprehensive online source for relevant information, news, events
and education onstormwater.www.stormwaterauthority.org/23 28.
Stormwater Case Study: Monroe County, New York Monroe County
enlists the aid of volunteers to helpmonitor streams and large
water
bodies.http://cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/casestudies_specific.cfm?case_id=16Stormwater
Control Operation and Maintenance Model Ordinance Developed to
assist managers indeveloping their own
ordinances.www.epa.gov/owow/nps/ordinance/stormwater.htmStormwater
Phase II Final Rule Fact Sheet Series Developed these fact sheets
to explain the Phase II rule,minimum control measures and
permitting.http://cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/swfinal.cfmStorm
Water Management for Construction Activities: Developing Pollution
Prevention Plans and BestManagement Practices Provides detailed
guidance on the development of storm water pollution prevention
plans(SWPPP) and identification of best management practices (BMPs)
for construction activities. It provides technicalassistance and
support for all construction activities subject to pollution
prevention requirements established underNPDES permits for storm
water point source discharges. It includes a set of worksheets, a
checklist, and a sampleSWPPP (EPA
832-R-92-005).www.epa.gov/npdes/pubs/owm0307.pdfStormwater
Management Center for Watershed Protection developed this website
to provide managers withlinks to helpful manuals and other web
sites.www.cwp.org/stormwater_mgt.htmStormwater Managers Resource
Center Contains many resources for stormwater managers, including
guidancedocuments, slide shows, model ordinances, and fact
sheets.www.stormwatercenter.net/Stormwater Practices for Cold
Climates Developed by the Center for Watershed Protection can be
downloadedfor free.www.cwp.org/cold-climates.htmStormwater training
resource locator Site provides links to training resources in
Michigan, the Great Lakes, andother
states.www.envcap.org/statetools/swt/swt.cfm?st=MIUNH Stormwater
Research Center The University of New Hampshires online stormwater
database containsfactsheets, research materials, articles and links
to other stormwater sites.www.unh.edu/erg/cstevUSDA The USDA has
many resources related to stormwater runoff, both from agricultural
and urban areas.Search the site for runoff or stormwater to find
relevant resources.http://www.usda.govWatershed Academy Web: Online
Training in Watershed Management This online distance learning
programoffers self-paced training modules for a basic introduction
to the watershed management field.www.epa.gov/watertrain/Public
Education and OutreachAfter the Storm Video New hour television
program about watersheds co-produced by EPA and The WeatherChannel
premiered on Feb. 4, 2004 (EPA
840-V-04-001).www.epa.gov/weatherchannel/American Oceans Campaign
Contains helpful materials for educating the public, such as a
video narrated by TedDanson, links to stormwater resources in
California, and a special report developed by
AOC.www.oceana.org/north-america/media-center/24 29. City of Los
Angeles Stormwater Program Includes links to public outreach
resources, industry BMPs, teacherworkshops and educational
programs, and much
more.www.lastormwater.org/WPD/program/pubedpage.htmCommunicators
Guide for Federal, State, Regional, and Local Communicators The
Federal CommunicatorsNetwork developed this guide to offer some
general guidance to improve the trust between government and
thepublic by helping officials communicate clearly to the public
and by making governments message
relevant.http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/npr/library/papers/bkgrd/communicators.htmlCommunity
Culture and the Environment: A Guide to Understanding a Sense of
Place, Nov. 2002 Exploresthe concepts of community and culture and
provides tools for identifying, assessing, and working
cooperativelywithin the social dynamics and local values connected
to environmental protection (EPA
842-B-01-003).www.contextsensitivesolutions.org/content/reading/epa_community/Earthwater
Stencils Provides ideas for public involvement activities for
stormwater programs.www.earthwater-stencils.com/Enviroscapes Allows
the development of realistic, three-dimensional models of
watersheds, landfills, wetlandsand more. An effective demonstration
tool for students interested in learning about point sources and
non pointsources of water pollution.www.enviroscapes.comFostering
Sustainable Behavior: An Introduction to Community-Based
SocialMarketing. Doug McKenzie-Mohr and William Smith, 1999, New
Society PublishersFostering Sustainable Behavior Listserve - To
subscribe, simply send an email to [email protected] with"subscribe" in
the subjectGetting In Step: A Guide for Conducting Watershed
Outreach Campaigns Provides some of the tools youwill need to
develop and implement an effective watershed outreach plan. If
youre a watershed practitioner trainedin the sciences, this manual
will help you address public perceptions, promote management
activities, and inform ormotivate stakeholders (EPA
841-B-03-002).www.epa.gov/nps/outreach.htmlGetting in Step: A Guide
for Conducting Watershed Outreach Campaigns Web-based training
module basedon the
guide.http://www.epa.gov/watertrain/gettinginstep/Getting in Step:
Engaging and Involving Stakeholders in Your Watershed Provides the
tools needed toeffectively identify, engage, and involve
stakeholders throughout a watershed to restore and maintain
healthyenvironmental
conditions.www.epa.gov/owow/watershed/outreach/documents/stakeholderguide.pdfGetting
Your Feet Wet With Social Marketing A Social Marketing Guide for
Watershed Programs, JackWilbur, Utah Department of Agriculture and
Foodhttp://www.ag.utah.gov/conservation/GettingYourFeetWet1.pdfKids,
Students, Teachers Provides information and curricula on educating
a variety of age groups on theenvironment and water
pollution.www.epa.gov/epahome/students.htmKnow Your Watershed
Developed by the Conservation Technology Information Center, has a
good list ofhelpful resources (including guidebooks) for watershed
groups.www2.ctic.purdue.edu/kyw/kyw.htmlMarketing in the Public
Sector: A Roadmap for Improved Performance. Philip Kotlerand Nancy
Lee, Wharton School Publishing (2006)25 30. Nonpoint Source
Outreach Digital Toolbox - Includes a catalog of over 700+
materials (TV, print, radio, give-aways, mascots, public attitude
surveys, and evaluations of public response to media campaigns)
that can be used ina stormwater public education
campaign.www.epa.gov/nps/toolboxPolluted Runoff (Non Point Source
Pollution): Outreach Contains information and links to a variety of
nonpoint source pollution documents, factsheets, testimonials,
videos and more.www.epa.gov/owow/nps/outreach.htmlPublic Education
and Outreach Menu of BMPs (EPA) Links to 19 facts sheets on
different BMPs for educatingthe
public.www.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/menuofbmps/publiceducationPublic
Involvement and Participation Menu of BMPs (EPA) Links to 10 fact
sheets detailing ideas andactivities on how to get the public
involved.www.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/menuofbmps/publicinvolvementResponsive
Management on Water Resources - A collection of research on public
attitudes and research towardwater
resources.http://www.responsivemanagement.com/waterprojects.htmlThe
Sprink Stormwater Education PSAs and websites on stormwater
education developed by a private firm forMS4s and available for a
fee.http://www.stormwatereducation.com/index.htmlSocial Marketing
Listserve - To subscribe, send an e-mail message
to:[email protected] and in the body of the message
write: "subscribe SOC-MKTG(your name)" and type your actual name in
place of "your name."Stormwater Outreach Materials and Reference
Documents - Provides outreach materials that
municipalities,watershed groups, state, and local governments can
customize and use for their own stormwater
outreachcampaigns.http://cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/stormwatermonth.cfmStormwater
Case Studies on Public Education - Includes case studies of how a
Phase I or Phase II community hasimplemented the public education
requirements.http://www.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/menuofbmps/publiceducationThink
Blue San Diego Provides an overview of San Diegos stormwater
pollution prevention program ThinkBlue San Diego. Includes program
objectives and organization.www.sandiego.gov/thinkblueVolunteer
Monitoring Check out this EPA website to download helpful fact
sheets and methods manuals, learnabout upcoming events, and link to
other helpful resources.www.epa.gov/owow/monitoring/volunteer/Water
Environment Federation for Students Check out this web page to
download WEFs materials andcurricula for educating various age
groups. Also provides information in
Spanish.www.wef.org/HomeIllicit Discharge Detection and
EliminationIllicit Discharge Detection and Elimination: A Guidance
Manual for Program Development and TechnicalAssessments Outlines
practical, low-cost and effective illicit discharge detection and
identification techniques.www.cwp.org/idde_verify.htm 26 31.
Illicit Discharge Detection and Elimination Manual The New England
Interstate Water Pollution ControlCommission developed this manual
to provide an overview of the IDDE component of the Phase II
regulations andpractical information on various approaches
municipalities can use to carry out the requirements of the
regulations.www.neiwpcc.orgIllicit Discharge Detection and
Elimination (IDDE) Menu of BMPs Links to 8 fact sheets outlining
variousIDDE best management
practices.www.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/menuofbmps/illicitdischargeIllicit
Discharges Model Ordinances EPA developed this website to assist
managers in developing their
ownordinances.www.epa.gov/owow/nps/ordinance/discharges.htmInvestigation
of Inappropriate Pollutant Entries into Storm Drainage Systems: A
Users Guide Containsinformation to allow the design and conduct of
local investigations to identify the types and to estimate
themagnitudes of non-stormwater entries into storm drainage systems
(EPA-600-R-92-238).www.epa.gov/npdes/pubs/investigating_inappropriate_pesds.pdfSanitary
Sewer Overflows (SSOs) EPA developed this website to provide more
information on SSOs, includingfact sheets and an SSO
toolbox.www.epa.gov/npdes/ssoConstruction Site Runoff ControlBest
Management Practices for South Florida Urban Stormwater Management
Systems The South FloridaWater Management District has prepared
this document to increase public awareness about the management
ofurban stormwater runoff and how best management practices (BMPs)
can be used to improve water
quality.https://my.sfwmd.gov/pls/portal/docs/PAGE/PG_GRP_SFWMD_ENVIROREG/PORTLET_REGUIDANCE/TAB383509/BMP_MANUAL.PDFEPAs
Construction Site Runoff Control Menu of BMPs Links to 39 fact
sheets outlining various IDDE bestmanagement
practices.www.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/menuofbmps/constructionEPAs
Erosion and Sediment Control Model Ordinances Assists managers in
developing their own
ordinances.www.epa.gov/owow/nps/ordinance/erosion.htmInternational
Erosion Control Association The International Erosion Control
Association is a non-profit,member organization that provides
education and resource information for professionals in the erosion
and sedimentcontrol industry.www.ieca.org/International Stormwater
Best Management Practices Database Provides access to BMP
performance data forabout 200 BMP studies conducted over the past
15 years.www.bmpdatabase.orgKentucky Erosion Prevention and
Sediment Control Field Guide Comprehensive guide to Kentuckys
BMPsfor erosion and sediment control for highway construction
projects.www.tetratech-ffx.com/wstraining/pdf/esc_guide.pdfStorm
Water Management for Construction Activities: Developing Pollution
Prevention Plans and BestManagement Practices Provides detailed
guidance on the development of storm water pollution prevention
plans(SWPPP) and identification of best management practices (BMPs)
for construction activities. It provides technicalassistance and
support for all construction activities subject to pollution
prevention requirements established underNPDES permits for storm
water point source discharges. It includes a set of worksheets, a
checklist, and a sampleSWPPP (EPA
832-R-92-005).www.epa.gov/npdes/pubs/owm0307.pdf27 32.
Post-Construction Site Runoff ControlBioretention Applications:
Fact Sheet Two case studies (in Largo, Maryland, and Tampa,
Florida) demonstratethe potential to use low impact development
practices in the design of new parking facilities and as retrofits
forexisting parking facilities to reduce runoff volume and remove
pollutants. Includes monitoring
data.www.epa.gov/owow/nps/lid/lidlit.htmlGreen Roofs for Healthy
Cities This non-profit industry associations website collects and
publishes technicalinformation on green roof products and
services.www.greenroofs.orgLow Impact Development Center The Low
Impact Development Center strives to help communities use
propersite design techniques to protect their water
resources.www.lowimpactdevelopment.org/Low Impact Development
Practices for Stormwater Management Sponsored by the housing
industry discussesbuilding products, materials, new technologies,
business management and housing
systems.http://www.toolbase.org/Techinventory/TechDetails.aspx?ContentDetailID=909&BucketID=6&CategoryID=11Low-Impact
Development Page Developed by EPA, provides links to EPA documents
and other helpfulorganizations web
sites.www.epa.gov/owow/nps/lid/Low Impact Development Integrated
Management Practices Guide Prince Georges County Marylanddeveloped
this manual to push the site design envelope to show how stormwater
controls can be integrated into a sitein innovative ways. The
practices are pure concepts which are presented to provide the user
with examples of whatcould be done to control
stormwater.http://www.goprincegeorgescounty.com/government/agencyindex/der/esd/manuals.aspLow
Impact Development: Urban Design Tools Provides watershed managers
with tools and techniques formeeting regulatory and receiving water
protection program goals for urban retrofits, redevelopment
projects andnew development sites.www.lid-stormwater.net/Natural
Approaches to Stormwater Management Produced by the Puget Sound
Action Team, showcases earlyexamples of the efforts of planners,
developers and engineers to transition to low impact
development.www.psat.wa.gov/Publications/LID_studies/LID_approaches.htmPost
Construction Controls Model Ordinance EPA developed this website to
assist managers in developingtheir own
ordinances.www.epa.gov/owow/nps/ordinance/postcons.htmEPAs
Post-Construction Site Runoff Control Menu of BMPs Links to 39 fact
sheets outlining variousstructural and non-structural best
management practices for post-construction runoff
control.www.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/menuofbmps/postconstructionPuget
Sound Online: Low Impact Development Sponsored by the Puget Sound
Action Team Partnership, thisweb page addresses issues and
innovations in low impact
development.www.psat.wa.gov/Programs/LID.htmEPAs Smart Growth
Provides information on various smart growth topics and EPA funding
sources, and linksto other helpful web
sites.www.epa.gov/livability/Smart Growth Online Sponsored by the
Smart Growth Network, this site is a forum for discussing smart
growthBMPs, innovative policies, tools and
ideas.www.smartgrowth.org/sgn/default.asp?res=80028 33. Smart
Growth for Clean Water: Helping Communities Address the Water
Quality Impacts of Sprawl Thisreport from the National Association
of Local Government Environmental Professionals identifies five
smart growthapproaches, and profiles several local partnerships
that have reaped the economic and environmental benefits ofthese
approaches.www.nalgep.org/publications/PublicationsDetail.cfm?LinkAdvID=42157Street
Storage for Combined Sewer Surcharge Control Highlights two case
studies in Illinois that reduce therate of runoff entering combined
sewer systems by using street storage and catch basin
modifications. October
2000(EPA-841-B-00-005C).http://www.lowimpactdevelopment.org/ftp/Street_Storage_Factsheet.pdfStreet
Storage System for Control of Combined Sewer Surcharge:
Retrofitting Stormwater Storage intoCombined Sewer Systems
Describes a case study-based evaluation of street storage
technology, highlightingstrategies for temporarily storing
stormwater on urban surfaces (EPA-600-R-00-065). Also available
through NTIS:NTIS NO:
PB2000-107451.www.epa.gov/ednnrmrl/publications/reports/epa600r00065/epa600r00065.pdfVegetated
Roof Cover: Fact Sheet Case study in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania on
vegetated roofs. The studydemonstrates the use of a vegetated roof
to reduce runoff, conserve energy and improve community
aesthetics.Includes design information and monitoring data
(EPA-841-B-00-005D).www.epa.gov/owow/nps/lid/lidlit.htmlPollution
Prevention/Good HousekeepingNational Management Measures to Control
Nonpoint Source Pollution from Urban Areas Containsinformation on
the best available methods to economically reduce urban-generated
surface and ground
waterpollution.www.epa.gov/owow/nps/urbanmm/index.htmlEPAs
Pollution Prevention and Good Housekeeping Menu of BMPs Links to 13
fact sheets outlining variousbest management practices for
pollution prevention and good
housekeeping.www.epa.gov/npdes/stormwater/menuofbmps/goodhousekeepingTechniques
for Tracking, Evaluating and Reporting the Implementation of Non
Point Source ControlMeasures Helps federal, state, regional and
local environmental professionals track the implementation of
BMPsused to control urban non point source
pollution.www.epa.gov/owow/nps/urban2.htmlFunding SourcesAn
Internet Guide to Financing Stormwater Management Designed to help
communities find ways to fundstormwater management
projects.http://stormwaterfinance.urbancenter.iupui.edu/Catalog of
Federal Funding Sources for Watershed Protection The Catalog of
Federal Funding Sources forWatershed Protection Web site is a
searchable database of financial assistance sources (grants, loans,
cost-sharing)available to fund a variety of watershed protection
projects.http://cfpub.epa.gov/fedfund/Grants.gov Searchable website
for all federal grant programs.http://grants.gov/State Revolving
Fund State Revolving Fund programs in each state and Puerto Rico
are funded by EPA andoperated like banks. Assets are used to make
low- or no-interest
loans.http://www.epa.gov/owm/cwfinance/cwsrf/index.htm29 34. Artful
Stormwater DesignArtful Rainwater Design Website explains the
concepts of artful rainwater design and presents case studies
fromacross the US.http://www.artfulrainwaterdesign.net/Conservation
Design Forum Firm based in Chicago (with an office in Ann Arbor,
MI) that specializes inintegrated water-based ecological
designs.http://www.cdfinc.com/Atelier Dreiseitl- German firm
specializing in designing with water- great
inspiration!http://www.dreiseitl.de/index.php?lang=enStormwater
Management Manuals from Great Lakes StatesIllinoisIllinois Urban
Manualhttp://www.il.nrcs.usda.gov/technical/engineer/urban/contents.htmlMichiganBMP
Design
Manualhttp://www.michigan.gov/deq/0,1607,7-135-3313_3682_3714-118554--,00.htmlMinnesotaStormwater
Manual:
http://www.pca.state.mn.us/water/stormwater/stormwater-manual.htmlStormwater
Maintenance BMP Resource Guide:
http://www.lrrb.org/pdf/2009RIC12.pdfNew YorkNew York State
Stormwater Management Design
Manualhttp://www.dec.ny.gov/chemical/29072.htmlOhioRainwater and
Land Development
Manualhttp://www.dnr.state.oh.us/tabid/9186/default.aspxPennsylvaniaBest
Management Practices (BMP)
Manualhttp://www.depweb.state.pa.us/watershedmgmt/cwp/view.asp?a=1437&q=529063&watershedmgmtNav=|WisconsinStormwater
Manualhttp://www.dnr.state.wi.us/RUNOFF/stormwater/publications.htm#uwexMichigan-specific
ResourcesCity of Ann Arbor Water Resources Stormwater page- Site
provides information on Ann Arbors stormwaterutility and rate
structure.http://www.a2gov.org/government/publicservices/systems_planning/waterresources/Pages/StormWater.aspxGreater
Lansing Regional Committee for Stormwater Management The Greater
Lansing Regional Committeefor Stormwater Management (GLRC) is a
guiding body comprised of participating Phase II
Stormwatercommunities within the Greater Lansing Region. The
committee has been established to guide the implementationof the
entire Phase II Stormwater Program for the communities within three
identified watersheds: the Grand River,the Red Cedar River and the
Looking Glass River watersheds. Site provides links to info on
stormwater, modelordinances, and
publications.www.mywatersheds.orgLawrence Tech Stormwater Research
Site provides information on stormwater research conducted by LTU
andalso has links to case studies for projects in southeast
Michigan.www.ltu.edu/stormwater 30 35. Michigan Association of
Counties MAC offers members educational programs, legislative
representation, localworkshops, a legislative and summer
conference, and produces a MAC newspaper, commissioner directory,
andlegislative communications to keep members up to date on the
latest events that affect county
governments.http://www.micounties.orgMichigan Department of
Environmental Quality (MDEQ) Main site for the
MDEQ.http://www.michigan.gov/deqMDEQ Stormwater Site links to MDEQ
stormwater regulations, requirements, and
guidance.http://www.michigan.gov/deq/0,1607,7-135-3313_3682_3716---,00.htmlMichigan
Department of Natural Resources Main page for
MDNR.http://www.michigan.gov/dnrMichigan Government Main Michigan
government site with links to all agencies and the
legislature.http://michigan.gov/Michigan Association of County
Drain Commissioners- Site has information regarding the latest
standards,technologies and methods for storm water management,
water resource protection, drainage, financial management,customer
service, and public administration.http://macdc.net/Michigan Low
Impact Development Manual- Developed by SEMCOG with the assistance
and input of agenciesand professionals throughout Michigan, the
manual includes technical and policy guidance in implementing
LIDspecific to Michigan
conditionshttp://www.semcog.org/LowImpactDevelopment.aspxMichiganMunicipalLeagueProvidesservices,events,andresourcestargetedtomunicipalitiesinMichigan.http://www.mml.org/home.htmlMichiganTownshipsAssociationProvidesservices,events,andresourcestargetedtotownshipsinMichigan.http://www.michigantownships.org/MillersCreekWatershedsiteSitebytheHuronRiverWatershedCouncilprovidinginformationontherestorationofMillersCreekWatershedwhichdrainsintotheHuronRiver.http://wiki.mtri.org/display/milcreek/Millers+Creek+WebsiteMSUCenterforWaterSciencesStormwaterWorkshopSeriesSiteprovideswhitepapers,webcasts,presenations,andproductsfromtheWaterFellowsworkshopseriesonstormwater.http://www.cws.msu.edu/stormwater.htmMSUEnvironmentalScienceandPolicyProgram(ESPP)ESPPisanumbrellagroupforenvironmentalresearchandeducationatMSU.Thesiteoffersinformationonenvironmentalsustainability,environmentaleventsatMSU,aFindanMSUExpertsearch,andfundingopportunities.http://www.espp.msu.edu/index.php
MSUExtensionSiteprovidesinformationonagriculture,community,environment,horticultureandmore.http://www.msue.msu.edu/portal31
36.
RainGardensofWestMichiganInformationonraingardens,includingoutreachmaterialsandhowtoguides.http://www.raingardens.org/Index.phpSoutheasternMichiganCouncilofGovernments(SEMCOG)SEMCOGsupportslocalgovernmentplanningonregionalissuesintheareasoftransportation,environment,communityandeconomicdevelopment,andeducation.MembersincludeLivingston,Macomb,Monroe,Oakland,St.Clair,Washtenaw,andWayneCounties.http://www.semcog.org/WashtenawWaterQualityProgramstheWashtenawCountyWaterResourcesCommissionerisresponsibleforthedesign,construction,andoperationandmaintenanceofover500stormwatermanagementandfloodcontrolsystems(CountyDrains).TheWaterQualityProgramspageprovidesinformationononprogramsforthecommunity,businessesandhomeowners.http://www.ewashtenaw.org/government/drain_commissioner/dc_webWaterQuality/index_htmlWaterwaysatRisk:HowLowImpactDevelopmentCanReduceRunoffPollutioninMichiganThePublicResearchGroupinMichigan(PIRGIM),incoordinationwithAmericanRivers,releasedareportdocumentingtherisksthatdevelopmentposestoMichiganswaterquality.ThereportdiscussedhowLIDcanmitigatetheserisks.http://www.americanrivers.org/library/reportspublications/waterwaysatriskhow.html
32 37. Appendix B. Stormwater Resources for the PublicAfter the
Storm- Brochure developed by EPA provides a broad overview of
stormwater pollution, including runofffrom residential and
commercial properties, farms, construction sites, automotive
facilities, forestry operations,
andothers.http://www.epa.gov/npdes/pubs/after_the_storm.pdfClinton
River Watershed Council- Stormwater page educates public about
issues surrounding stormwater andsteps they can take to reduce
impacts.http://www.crwc.org/programs/stormwater_ed/index.htmlGirl
Scout Water Drop Patch- The Girl Scouts and EPA have developed this
patch for girl scouts to learn all aboutwatersheds and water
pollution and to take action to protect water
resources.http://www.epa.gov/adopt/patch/GLRC Resources for
Educators- links to curriculum, materials in print and online,
events, and other informationregarding stormwater
education.http://www.mywatersheds.org/for_educators.htmlLincoln
Park, MI Stormwater Pollution Prevention Tips- Tips to reduce
stormwater pollution, including de-icingin the
winter.http://www.lincolnpark.govoffice.com/index.asp?Type=B_BASIC&SEC={3620FC9F-5A9D-4D7E-8A70-9B78D2165337}&DE={4C2D44F7-0126-42B9-8192-FB5CEF39A6E7}Make
Your Home the Solution to Stormwater Pollution Brochure - This
short EPA brochure is targeted directlyto homeowners and provides
tips on a wide variety of simple things that homeowners can do to
prevent
stormwaterpollution.http://www.epa.gov/npdes/pubs/solution_to_pollution.pdfNorth
Carolina Stormwater Workbook- Covers stormwater basics, what you
can do, and pollution
solutions.http://www.ncstormwater.org/pages/workbook_main.htmlProtecting
Water Quality from Urban Runoff - This EPA fact sheet explains how
urbanized areas affect waterquality through increased runoff and
pollutant loads and what homeowners can do to prevent stormwater
pollution.http://www.epa.gov/npdes/pubs/nps_urban-facts_final.pdfRain
Gardens of West Michigan- Learn how to create a rain garden and
other information about
stormwaterhttp://www.raingardens.org/Index.phpStormwater
Activities- Games for kids from Kane County,
Illinoishttp://www.co.kane.il.us/kcstorm/education/kids/activities.aspStormwater
Management for
Homeownershttp://www.soil.ncsu.edu/assist/homeassist/stormwater/Stormwater
Resources for Homeowners (also have resources for officials &
real estate
pros)http://www.bae.ncsu.edu/topic/resources-stormwater/homeowners.htmlUrban
Slobber- North Carolina Clean Water Education Partnerships page for
kids. Includes projects andexperiments for kids to learn about
stormwater.http://www.nccwep.org/involvement/kids/slobber.php33 38.
Water Efficient Landscaping - This EPA booklet describes the
benefits of water-efficient, low-impact landscaping.It includes
examples of successful projects, programs, and
contactshttp://cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/stormwatermonth.cfmWhere You
Live- Outreach materials, searchable by state. Includes fact
sheets, radio ads, and other
educationalmaterials.http://www.epa.gov/nps/toolbox/whereyoulive.htm34