Women in Workforce MHR 452 Group #2 Tina Vo, Ting Wang, Samanvita Chakka, Jenny Wang, Takeshi Kuwajima, Alejandra Robles
Women in Workforce
MHR 452Group #2Tina Vo, Ting Wang, Samanvita
Chakka, Jenny Wang, Takeshi Kuwajima,
Alejandra Robles
What is Discrimination against Women?
"... any distinction, exclusion or restriction made on the basis of sex which has the effect or purpose of impairing or nullifying the
recognition, enjoyment or exercise by women, irrespective of their marital status, on a basis of equality of men and women, of human rights and fundamental freedoms in the political, economic, social,
cultural, civil or any other field." The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW), adopted in 1979 by the UN General Assembly
Introduction
Women are still being underrepresented
Gender discrimination is still a major issue in the workforce.
Men are assumed to be independent in their personal and
professional lives
Women are expected to be the primary caretakers in the household
Research Questions
1.How is the work environment in the United States different for men
and women today?
2.What are the causes of the discrimination for women in the
workforce?
3.Comparing the past and the present, how have the work conditions
for women differ and what has remained constant?
How is the work environment in the United States different for men and
women today?
Statistical Overview of Women in WorkforceWomen’s share of the total labor
force is 46.8% in the United States
Women held 51.5% of management, professional and related positions
Currently hold 20 (or 4.0%) CEO positions at S&P 500 companies
61% of all mothers with children under the age of three are in the labor force
Gap in WageStarted up salary of men and women at young age(25-34)
1980
Men $1.00/hr
Women $0.67/hr
2012
Men $1.00/hr
Women $0.93/hr
Overall pay
$0.76 - 0.79/hr
Challenges for women
● Take significant amount of time off work (39%)
● Reduce their hours (42%)
● Quit work to care for a child and their families (27%)
Sexual Harassment2 types of Sexual Harassment in
workforce:1.Quid pro quo: Usually as
supervisor, as a condition of getting or keeping job.
2.Hostile work environment: In general as verbal, physical, or both
● Sexual Harassment in common workplace
★ 1 in 3 women has been sexual harassed at work.
★ 81% of women experience harassment in verbal form
★ 75% women experience harassment by male coworkers ★ 49% by male clients or
customer ★ 38% by male managers
What are the causes of the
discrimination for women in the
workforce?
Conscious & Unconscious presumption
Gender, Race, Religion, Sexual Orientation, Or Age
Auto Gender Stereotyping
Undervaluing of women’s work
Segregation in the labour market
Traditions and Stereotypes
Balancing work and private life
Comparing the past and the present,
how have the work conditions for
women differ and what has remained
constant?
Past Vs.
Present
PastWomen have experienced low
social and economic status because of their unequal access to education
Women are housewivesWomen have no right of speech
PresentWomen have chance to get in
workforce as men do because women have right to get same education level as men.
Husband and wife are more likely to work
Discrepancy in pay gap declined
RecommendationsEmployers should place female employees in more
opportunity-enhancing positions within the
corporations
Utilize social media such as Facebook and Twitter
to acknowledge successful women leaders
Persuade organizations to utilize job rotation and
other training programs to encourage women
to strive for profit-and-loss positions.
Create programs that encourage succession
planning, which reflect gender equity
ConclusionIn conclusion we have discussed the issues
women have faced in the workforce in regards to
the wage gap, sexual harassment, and
undervaluing of women’s work. Though there are
have been improvements in the workforce over
time there is still more that needs to be done.
Simply by acknowledging these problems we can
strive to improve gender discrimination in the
workplace.