MEXICAN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SYSTEM An Overview

Dirección Adjunta de Coordinación de Grupos y Centros de Investigación

MEXICAN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SYSTEM

An Overview

January 17, 2003.


1970Law to Create the National Council of Science andTechnology CONACYT

1985 Law to Coordinate and Promote Scientific and Technological Development

1999Law to Foment Scientific and Technological Research

2002Science and Technology Law

Science and Technology Law


Absence of long term policy and goals;

A weak institutional framework for action;

Uncoordinated budgetary decision making;

Academic research often unrelated to social needs.

Low private investment in R&D

1970 – 2000 Evolution of Mexico’s S&T


Current Situation

• The Mexican Research System is small (0.45% GDP), but Internationally competitive.

• The R&D personnel numbers 25,000;

• Best scientists belong to the National Research System (SNI), with over 8500 members

• Over 100 Universities and R&D Centers of excellence in all research fields;

• 2.8 million enterprises, 99,7% SME, less than 500 invest regularly in R&D


Centers of excellence in key technologies;

Centers of excellence in social sciences;

2.21 million undergraduate students in Mexico. (20% of total population aged between 18 and 25)

0.22 million graduate students in Mexico.

17,000 CONACYT national and overseas scholarships for graduate students in all knowledge areas .

Current Situation


Due to its future demographic structure, Mexico needs to invest in Education and S&T to compete in a knowledge-based economy .

00

20002000

AgeAge

MenMen WomenWomen

20202020

20502050

002020404060608080

10010000

00

Thousand PersonsThousand Persons

002020404060608080

10010000

2020404060608080

1001007,098 60 años y más46,890 20 a 60 años43,493 0 a 20 años




• GOVERNMENT AND

COORDINATION POLITICS

GENERAL COUNCIL

PRESIDENT

INTER-MINISTRY COMMITTEESHCP-CONACYT

FU

NC

TIO

N

OF

ST

AT

E

PARTICIPATION

INTER-SECTOR COMMITTEES

EXECUTIVE SECRETARY

Advisory Forum for Science & Technology

CONACYT GENERAL DIRECTOR

Science and Technology Law


GENERAL COMMITTEE

S&T ADMINISTRATIONS&T ADMINISTRATION

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

GENERAL DIRECTOR

CONACYT FUNDS

GENERAL DIRECTOR = EXECUTIVE SECRETARY

National Net of National Net of ResearchResearch

Groups & CentersGroups & Centers

CONACYT CONACYT CentersCenters

National National Conference for Conference for

Science & Science & TechnologyTechnology

AdvisoryAdvisoryForum for Science Forum for Science

& Technology& Technology

General Council of Scientific General Council of Scientific Research & Technology Research & Technology

DevelopmentDevelopmentEXECUTIVE SECRETARY EXECUTIVE SECRETARY

CONACYT

CONACYT Organic Law


National Conference of Science & Technology

CONACYTCONACYT

NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGYNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

PROMOTE ACTIONS TO SUPPORT S&T PROMOTE ACTIONS TO SUPPORT S&T RESEARCHRESEARCH

LOCAL GOVERNMENTSLOCAL GOVERNMENTS (LOCAL (LOCAL ORGANISMS OF S&T)ORGANISMS OF S&T)


II. INCREASE SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGICAL

CAPABILITIES

III. ENHANCE COMPETITIVENESS AND

INNOVATION

I. LONG TERM POLICY FOR SCIENCE AND

TECHNOLOGY

Special Program on Science and Technology 2001-2006

OBJECTIVES



3.Foster strategic areas of knowledge

2.New legal framework (already in place)

4. Descentralization

1. Establishment of aNational System of

Science & Technology

5.Fostering a Science and Technology culture

I. LONG TERM POLICY FOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY


7.Increase scientific and technological personnel number

6. Increase R+D National Budget to 1% of the GDP in 2006

9.Enhance Science and Technology infrastructure

8.Promote basic, applied & technological Research

10.Focused International Cooperation

II. INCREASE SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL

CAPABILITIES



11.Increase private investment in R&D (40% of national expenditure by 2006).

12.Promote technology best management practices

14.Strengthen infrastructure for competitiveness and innovation

13.Promote researchers hiring by private sector

III. ENHANCE COMPETITIVENESS AND INNOVATION



Main Goals of the Special Program of Science and Technology 2001-2006

1. Federal Investment in Science and Technology

2002 2006

1.1 Federal expense in Science and Technology as a % of the Federation Outcomes Budget

1.84

(2.7b USD)*

4.00

(6.5b USD)

1.2 Expenditure in investigation and experimental development (Experimental Research and Development) as a % of the GNP

0.45

(1.7b USD)

1.00

(4.7 b USD)


2000 2006

2.1 Number of Researchers for every 1,000 Economically active people

0.75

(25,000)

2.0

(80,000)

2.2 % of Research personnel in the private sector

20% 40%

2.3 New scholarships for the education of investigators

6,500 12,100

2. Personnel in Science and Technology



3. Research Funds

2002 2006

3.1 Total amount 0.1 b USD 2.5 b USD

3.2 Number of Sectorial Funds 14 20

3.3 Number of Mixed Funds 24 32



Knowledge demand model to:Knowledge demand model to:

•Reinforce Scientific InfrastructureReinforce Scientific Infrastructure•Tackle National problems,Tackle National problems,• Increase competitiveness of industry and Increase competitiveness of industry and • Create High Added Value EnterprisesCreate High Added Value Enterprises

Knowledge supply model1970 - 20001970 - 2000

2000 and

beyond

2000 and

beyond

New Orientation


Germany, Korea, USA, France, Israel, Japan, Sweden, Taiwan

2.00

High

Mexico, Argentina, Chile, Turkey

0.00

Emerging

Brazil, Spain, Italy, Poland, Russia

0.75

Low

Australia, Canada, China, Italy, Norway, United Kingdom, Singapore

1.35

Medium

Level of Science and Tecnology per Country

2001 2006 2012 20252018

0.40% R&D as% GDP

1.00

1.50

2.00

>2.00

Foundations Take off Fast Growth World Class

Vision 2025: A Road Map for Mexico’s S&T Growth (R&D as % of GDP)


Mexico needs to take advantage of public/private Partnerships (PPP) Scheme

•Assimilate best practices in PPPs

• Growth of S&T System through Partnerships between R&D Public centers and Industry

• Leverage Private Investment in R&D through government tax credits and other joint funds

• Foster Public Private consortia in Industrial Clusters

• Strengthen Basic Research through International Partnerships & Cooperation

• Public/Private funding for high tech enterprises

• Public/Private/Partnerships to increase awareness of the importance of Social Sciences to solve complex problems in Economics, Social Change and Sustainable Development


TOTAL PERSONNEL 25 000

NATIONAL RESEARCH SYSTEM 8 000(in the last 30 years 100 000 students have been supported by CONACYT with posgraduate scholarships)

Human Resources for S & T

NGP 0.4% 1 %

PUBLIC/PRIVATE 80/ 20 60/40

PROPORTION SCIENTIFIC ANDTECHNOLOGICAL PERSONNEL 25 000 80 000

RESEARCHERS AT SNI 8 000 24 000

MEXICO CITY/PROVINCESPROPORTION 49/51 30/70

2001 2006

Fuente:Informe general del estado de la ciencia y la tecnología 2002Programa Especial de Ciencia y Tecnología 2001-2006


1. Increase scientific and technological capacity

a) Structure National System of Science and Technology.

b) Increase National Budget for Research and Development.

c) Increase postgraduate degree personnel number .

d) Promote regional development through science and technology.

e) Increase Mexican Society Scientific and Technological Culture.

f) Promote international coooperation in science and technology.

Strategic Objectives


2. Increase competitiveness and innovation in industry

a) Establish some financial support and tax reduction incentives for

companies who invest in R&D.

b) Promote technology as a better path for the progress in the industry.

c) Better expansion of National System of Science and Technology.

d) Take better advantage of National Science and Technology System.



3. Determinate a state policy in Science and Technology

a) The new CONACYT as an efficient instrument for the current

administration

b) Improve the process to allocate the federal government resources



PROMOTION OF THE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LAW

(ACT OF CONGRESS MAY 1999)

ENABLES

CONACYT

TO

ARTICULATE

BUDGET

COORDINATE

ACTIONS

CONCENTRATEEFFORTS

EVALUATE RESULTS


Thank you

www.conacyt.org.mx

MEXICAN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY SYSTEM An Overview

Documents

mexican science

science technology7

national council of

technology lawscience

technology infrastructure8

technology culturei

technology conacyt1985

national research system