1 ETH Zurich Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand Metrology, Instruments, Sensors, Beaconing, Signalisation Metrology, Instruments, Sensors, Beaconing, Signalisation ETH Zurich Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand The Variety of Sensors,Instruments and Methods in EG ETH Zurich Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand Monitoring projects Sensors Measuring Methods Experts Accuracy Connection Calibration Logistics Civil engineer Mechanical engineer Geologist Metrology specialist Period Permanent Filtering Marginal Check Zero measuring 1. Measuring i. Measuring Analysis of deformation Visualisation Adjustment Adjustment Adjustment The Environment: Sensors The Environment: Sensors – Measuring Methods Measuring Methods – Expert Expert ETH Zurich Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand Monitoring Sensors, Instruments: Overview Monitoring Sensors, Instruments: Overview Pressure sensors Hydrostatic systems Displacement transducers (extensometers, crack- and jointmeters, etc.) Strain gauges (tension gauges) Tiltmeters, including vibrating wire Load cells (force measurement) Fixed removable micrometers (FIM) Optical fiber Optical positioning sensors Motorized total stations GPS Digital levels, including those with automated positioning Meteorological sensors Temperature sensors pH and conductivity meters Gas sensors GEOPHYSICS GEODESY PHYSICS CHEMISTRY Geotechnics ETH Zurich Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand Methods:Accuracy Methods:Accuracy versus Range versus Range ETH Zurich Engineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand Referenzpunkt Standpunkt GPS T_MOT DIGNIV_MOT Referenzpunkt Referenzpunkt Reflektor Geodetic Measurement Scenario for Slope Movements Geodetic Measurement Scenario for Slope Movements
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ETH ZurichEngineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
ETH ZurichEngineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
Alignment PrincipleAlignment Principle
Principle of optical alignment:Between two permanently installed points (alignment instrument and Mire) a vertical layer is set. Measured are the shortest horizontal distances between the alignment points (marked with alignment target signs) and the vertical layer.
ETH ZurichEngineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
ETH ZurichEngineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
EinflEinflüüsse auf die mechanische Lotungsse auf die mechanische Lotung
DrehschwingungenSchwingungen durch spiralförmige Verwirbelungen im Schacht Tropfwasser-EinflüsseLotverschiebungen wegen Ausweichen aus der SchachtachseLotabweichung durch inhomogene Schwereverteilung
ETH ZurichEngineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
Auswertung der SchwingungenAuswertung der Schwingungen
U [m]
t [s]
U1
U2
U3
U4
U5
m u u uii i
i= ⋅+
+⎛⎝⎜
⎞⎠⎟
++
12 2
21
[ ]xmn
i=
9
ETH ZurichEngineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
Ideen zur Lotbeobachtung mit LPSIdeen zur Lotbeobachtung mit LPS
ETH ZurichEngineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
Die MehrgewichtlotungDie Mehrgewichtlotung
Das Lot pendelt um eine Ruhelage. Die Abweichung der Ruhelage von der Lotrechten ist durch Mehrgewichtslotung unter der Annahme, dass ein doppelt schweres Lot halb so weit ausgelenkt wird, erfassbar [SCHULTE, LÖHR, VOSEN, 1968; SCHULER, 1954; EMSCHERMANN 1938].
Dabei wird bei gleicher Lotlänge nacheinander mit verschiedenen Gewichten gelotet. Aus den unterschiedlichen Ruhelagen lässt sich dann die lotrechte Lage berechnen. Die 2-Gewichtslotung hat sich im Fall der Mehrgewichtslotung durchgesetzt.
ETH ZurichEngineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
MehrgewichtslotungMehrgewichtslotungUnter Berücksichtigung des halben Lotgewichtes und unter der Voraussetzung, dass ein schwereres Gewicht geringer ausgelenkt wird als ein leichteres, können die Abdriften wie folgt berechnet werden:
aa
= PP
1
2
2
1
a =
P1 2− −aa
PP
2
2
1
1
aa
P PP
aP P
P12
2 12
1
1 21 =
a und a =
a12
2−−
⋅−−
⋅
ETH ZurichEngineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
Direction MeasurementTheodolitesPhotogrammetry (One Image Photogrammetry)
ETH ZurichEngineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
ETH ZurichEngineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
Height DeterminationHeight Determination
-- Levelling , Levelling , -- motorised digital levelling for permanent monitoringmotorised digital levelling for permanent monitoring-- hydrostatic systemshydrostatic systems
ETH ZurichEngineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
Permanent Monitoring with Motorised Digital LevelsPermanent Monitoring with Motorised Digital Levels
Solexperts
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ETH ZurichEngineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
Hydrostatic systemsHydrostatic systems
ETH ZurichEngineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
Basic Setup of a Hydrostatic Levelling SystemBasic Setup of a Hydrostatic Levelling Systemp = ρ g h
Height of water column
Glass cylinderwith scale
Metal stand
Valve
ETH ZurichEngineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
Freiberger Schlauchwaage according MeiFreiberger Schlauchwaage according Meißßerer
Air pressure compensation tube
• Height measure range: 100 mm
• Tube length: 30-50 m
• Accuracy: 0,01 mm
(in closed rooms)
±
Variables:circular level
Screw for levelling
Probe tip
mm-scale
Stop Valve
centeringplug gauge
System specific errors:
• Capillary forces
• Vibrations of fluid-column
• Fluid-viscosity
ETH ZurichEngineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
““AachenerAachener SchlauchwaageSchlauchwaage””
ETH ZurichEngineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
ETH ZurichEngineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
Measurement ProcessMeasurement Process
ETH ZurichEngineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
Dam Monitoring Nalps since October 2000Dam Monitoring Nalps since October 2000
ETH ZurichEngineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
MultisensorMultisensor systems with data systems with data aquisitionaquisition, , preprocessingpreprocessing, data, data--transfer,transfer, processing, calculationprocessing, calculation
ETH ZurichEngineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
Requirements for a Surveying System (GeoMonitor)Requirements for a Surveying System (GeoMonitor)
data acquisition data file managementreal-time numeric and graphic data displayinstrument configuration and control, including operation of motion-control motorsfor digital levels and total stationsreal-time compensation and other complex calculationsalarm definition and controlautomatic reports of desired datamonitoring activity logoptional: Remote Control Softwareallows communication and control of the system from an off-site location with these advantages:
convenient access to current and earlier data from any locationenables scheduled automatic transfers of up-to-the-minute data to remote officeseasy remote system control and configurationenables quick reactions to changing site conditionsenables backup of data to remote computers
ETH ZurichEngineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
Components of GeoMonitorComponents of GeoMonitor
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ETH ZurichEngineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
Components of GeoMonitorComponents of GeoMonitor
ETH ZurichEngineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
Geodetic Monitoring System GeoMoS by LeicaGeodetic Monitoring System GeoMoS by Leica
License for support
Installation
Training
Remote configuration for GeoMoS Professional by GeoMoS Server, GeoMoS Analyzer included
Connection to a GeoMoS Professional, data-transfer and saving, support for large databases
Graphic and numeric visualization, editing functionabilities, postprocessing, import/export
Collecting and saving of data, 3D calculations, meteo model, connection of up to three sensors
Collecting and saving of data, basic calculations, connection of up to three sensors
Description
ServicesGeoMoS Remote
GeoMoS Server
GeoMoS Analyzer
GeoMoS Professional
GeoMoS Light
ETH ZurichEngineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
Geodetic Monitoring System GeoMoS by LeicaGeodetic Monitoring System GeoMoS by Leica
ETH ZurichEngineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
Radio antenna
Meteosensor
Ventilation
Photos: Swissphoto
MultisensorsystemsMultisensorsystems in Dam Monitoringin Dam Monitoring
ETH ZurichEngineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
GPSSensor
TPSSensor
Meteo
Extensometer
GeoMoS-ClientNalps, Curneraund Sta. Maria
GeoMoS-ServerDomat/Ems
ISDN
RemoteAccessModem
GSM
6 km Kabelverbindungen16 lokale Datenverbindungen via Datenleitung, Funk oder GSMDatenfernübertragung zum Server nach Domat/Ems via ISDN & GSM
GeoMoS: Das Geodätische Monitoring-System
ETH ZurichEngineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
ETH ZurichEngineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
TU Munich SystemTU Munich System
TS 24 – MeasurementKarl Foppe, Wolf Barth and Sebastian PreisAutonomous Permanent Automatic Monitoring System with Robot-Tacheometers (0415)Shaping the ChangeXXIII FIG CongressMunich, Germany, October 8-13, 2006
ETH ZurichEngineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
GPSSensor
TPSSensor
Meteo
Extensometer
GeoMoS-ClientNalps, Curneraund Sta. Maria
GeoMoS-ServerDomat/Ems
ISDN
RemoteAccessModem
GSM
6 km cable connection16 local data connection via dataline, radio or GSMLong distance transmission (transfer) to server in Domat/Ems via ISDN & GSM
GeoMoS: Geodetic Monitoring System (Leica)GeoMoS: Geodetic Monitoring System (Leica)
ETH ZurichEngineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
SolexpertsSolexperts
ETH ZurichEngineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand
Metrology OverviewMetrology Overview
ETH ZurichEngineering Geodesy - Prof. Dr. H. Ingensand