METR 125 Physical Meteorology: Radiation and Cloud Physics Lecture 1: Green-sheet and Introduction Professor Menglin Susan Jin n Jose State University, Department of Meteorology and Climate Scien
Dec 20, 2015
METR 125 Physical Meteorology:Radiation and Cloud Physics
Lecture 1: Green-sheet and Introduction
Professor Menglin Susan JinSan Jose State University, Department of Meteorology and Climate Science
Outline of today’s lecture
1. Introduction and Welcome2. Discussion on the “greensheet”3. Learning Contract4. First glance on class roadmap5. Survey
For greensheet, class ppt notes, homework, reading materials
http://www.met.sjsu.edu/~jin/METR125.htm
About Professor
1.
2. to be an effective teacher
3.
www.met.sjsu.edu/~jin
Research projects: funded by NASA, NSF, Department of DefenseOn land surface climate change, urbanization, remote sensing
20 leading author papers on top journals
Goal of METR125METR125 discusses the fundamentals of
Solar RadiationRadiation Transfer Basics
Cloud and Rainfall FormationAerosol-Cloud interaction
Atmospheric ElectricitySatellite Observations
Broaden knowledge with Important papers
Enhance student self study and team-study skills
Content (see greensheet schedule)Part 1: Atmospheric Optics and Radiative Transfer
Part 2: CLOUD Macrophysics and MicrophysicsClouds FormationWarm CloudCold Cloud Aerosol-cloud-rainfall interaction
Part 3. Lightning and Atmospheric Electricity
Book and Reading:
•A First Course in Atmospheric Radiation by Grant W. Petty (Required) •2006 Wallace and Hobbs Atmospheric Science (Required)
• more materials will be assigned on webpage/homework/class
Lecture Hour:
MW 10:30 AM - 11:45 AM Place: DH615
Office Hour: 9:30 PM‐10:30 PM, Wednesday12:00-13:00 Tuesday
Place: MSJ’s Office (DH621)
METR215
•I will meet with you for extra office hour whenever you need. •send email for appointment.
TA
• Henry Bartholomew <[email protected]>
Extra Help
• Dr. Martin leach – guest lecture on optics and aerosols
• Departmental Seminars
Homework: 20%Midterm Exam 1: 15%Midterm Exam 2: 15%
Midterm 3: 15%Class Participation 5%Research Project: 15%
Final Exam: 15%Scale: 90+ A, 80’s B, 70’s C, 60’s D, <60 F
Homework will be assigned on Tuesdays in class collected in discussions on two weeks later.
Learning Contract
• Instructor– On time and prepared.– Answers questions.– Approachable and friendly.– Fair with assignments and grades.– Genuinely concerned about your learning and
intellectual development.
Learning Contract• Students
– Make every effort to arrive on time; and if late, enter class quietly.
– Preserve a good classroom learning environment by a) refraining from talking when other people
are talking b) turning off cell phones.
– Be courteous to other students and the instructor.– Aware that learning is primarily their responsibility.– Aware of universities policy on academic integrity
and pledge to abide by them at all times. – Have read and understand what plagiarism is and
know how to cite sources properly.
Academic Integrity• Integrity of university, its courses and
degrees relies on academic standards.• Cheating:
– Copying from another’s test, cheatsheet etc.– Sitting an exam by, or as, a surrogate.– Submitting work for another
• Plagiarism:– Representing the work of another as one’s own
(without giving appropriate credit)
Plagiarism• Judicial Affairs
http://sa.sjsu.edu/judicial_affairs/index.html
• Look at the Student Code of Conduct
• Read through SJSU library site on Plagiarism
http://www.sjlibrary.org/services/literacy/info_comp/plagiarism.htm
• http://turnitin.com/
GreenSheet (see handout)
• Homework turn-in on time, will be stated in the homework, in general, 1 week after the assignment
• Class Participation
• Research Project
• Final grade
Let’s see where this class stands in the big picture….
.
Chapter 1 Petty
One World
PHYS 622 - Clouds, spring ‘04, lect. 1, Platnick
Earth’s Radiation Budget - Schematic
Radiative ComponentsNet short-wave radiation =
short-wave down - short-wave up
Net long-wave radiation =
long-wave down - long-wave upNet radiation (R net) =
net short-wave radiation + net long-wave radiationPositive values represent energy moving towards thesurface, negative values represent energy moving awayfrom the surface.
the latitude (distance from the Equator) what season it is the time of day
cloudiness
How much radiation reaches any given spot depends on
Atmosphere Composition and Structure
Table 1: Composition of the Atmosphere
GasPercentage by Volume
Nitrogen 78.08
Oxygen 20.95
Argon 0.93
Trace GasesCarbon dioxide 0.038Methane 0.00017Ozone 0.000004Chlorofluorocarbons 0.00000002Water vapor Highly variable
(0-4%)
Vertical Layers of the Lower Atmosphere
Pressure in the Atmosphere
•Atmospheric pressure can be imagined as the weight of the overlying column of air. •pressure decreases exponentially with altitude.
•but 80 percent of the atmosphere’s mass is contained within the 18 km closest to the surface.
•measured in millibars (mb)
•At sea level, pressure ranges from about 960 to 1,050 mb, with an average of 1,013 mb.
1. Evaporation, transpiration (plants)
2. Atmospheric transport (vapor)
3. Condensation (liquid water, ice)
4. Precipitation
5. Surface transport (continental rivers, aquifers and ocean currents)
Earth’s Hydrological Cycle - Schematic
PHYS 622 - Clouds, spring ‘04, lect. 1, Platnick
Why Clouds?• Weather
– Dynamics: Latent heat and/or radiative effects impacting atmospheric stability/instability, atmospheric heating/cooling
– Radiation (e.g., surface heating)
• Chemical processes
• Climate– General circulation– Hydrological cycle– Radiation budget
Clouds are a critical component of climate models (for reasons cited above) and therefore also to climate change studies
• Not well-represented in climate models• Climate change: cloud-climate feedback, cloud-aerosol
interactions (to be discussed), etc.
PHYS 622 - Clouds, spring ‘04, lect. 1, Platnick
PHYS 622 - Clouds, spring ‘04, lect. 1, Platnick
PHYS 622 - Clouds, spring ‘04, lect. 1, Platnick
Cold front - steep frontal slopes
Warm front - shallow frontal slopes
Convective development (mesoscale, local)
Synoptic development
PHYS 622 - Clouds, spring ‘04, lect. 1, Platnick
Relevance for Remote Sensing
Absorption (attenuation)
• The process in which incident radiant energy is retained by a substance. – A further process always results from
absorption:• The irreversible conversion of the absorbed
radiation goes into some other form of energy (usually heat) within the absorbing medium.
substance (air, water, ice, smog, etc.)
incidentradiation
absorption
transmittedradiation
Atmospheric Constituents:
empty spacemoleculesdust and pollutantssalt particlesvolcanic materialscloud dropletsrain dropsice crystals
Optical phenomena
process + atmosphericconstituent
opticalphenomena
atmosphericstructure
light
Atmospheric Structure
temperature gradient
humidity gradient
clouds
layers of stuff - pollutants, clouds
Atmosphere Window
GOES-8/10 diagram
Channel 1: 0.52-0.72 m (Visible)
– Clouds– Pollution– Haze– Severe storms
Channel 2: 3.78-4.03m (Shortwave infrared)
– Nighttime fog– Nighttime SSTs– Liquid vs. ice clouds– Fires and volcanoes
Channel 3: 6.47-7.02 m (Upper-level water vapor)
– Standard water vapor
– Mid-level moisture– Mid-level motion
Channel 4: 10.2-11.2 m (Longwave infrared)
– Standard IR channel– Winds– Severe storms– Heavy rainfall
Channel 5: 11.5-12.5 m (Infrared/water vapor)
– Low-level moisture– SSTs– Volcanic dust or ash
Sounder IR bands 2, 3, 4 and 5 (temperature)
Sounder IR bands 8, 10, 11 and 12 (water vapor)
EOS A-train
The Afternoon Train, or "A-Train", for short, is a constellation of satellites that travel one behind the other, along the same track, as they orbit Earth. Four satellites currently fly in the A-Train - Aqua, CloudSat, CALIPSO, and Aura. Glory, GCOM-W1, and OCO-2 are scheduled to join the configuration in 2011, 2012, and 2013, respectively. The A-Train satellites cross the equator within a few minutes of each other at around 1:30 p.m. local time. By combining different sets of nearly simultaneous observations from these satellites, scientists are able to study important parameters related to climate change.