Metode Air

7/28/2019 Metode Air

1/20

Metode Pengumpulan Datadan

Analisis Kualitas AirOleh

Eko Sugiharto

Koordinator PenelitianPSLH UGM


2/20

Mengapa Perlu ?

Lima alasan utama keperluan pemantauan:1. mengetahui karakter air dan identifikasi

kualitas air dari waktu ke waktu;2. mengidentifikasi problem spesifik air (bila

ada);3. memberikan informasi terjadinya pencemaran

4. mengevaluasi ketaatan terhadap peraturanperundang-undangan5. mengevaluasi effisiensi pengelolaan air yang

telah dilakukan (RKL-RPL , UKL-UPL)


3/20

STRATEGI PENENTUAN

LOKASI PENGAMBILAN

Tergantung pada:

Jenis perairan

Tujuan Pemantauan

Ketelitian yang diinginkan

Karakter parameter yang dipantau


4/20

JENIS PENGAMBILANSAMPEL

Grab

Composite

Integrated

Continous


5/20

IDENTITAS SAMPEL

Data Minimal yang diperlukan untuk identitas

sampel:

1. Nomor / Kode sampel2. Tanggal dan Jam Pengambilan

3. Lokasi

4. Cuaca saat pengambilan

5. Suhu air, suhu udara

6. Nama pengambil sampel

7. Bahan yang ditambahkan (bila ada)


6/20

IDENTITAS SAMPEL

For each visit to an individual station where field and/or

samples are collected record the following:

1. Station ID

2. Sampling Date

3. Location

4. Sampling Depth (if other than surface)

5. Sampling Time

6. Sample Collector's Initials (if several persons in theregion collect this data)

7. Record of all measured field parameters and their

respective values.


7/20

In-situ Measurement

1. Temperature (0C)2. pH

3. Dissolved Oxygen (mg/L)4. Conductivity (mhos/cm , mS/cm)5. Salinity (ppt)6. Chlorine Residual (mg/L)7. Secchi Disc Transparency (meters)

8. Significant Precipitation9. Flow (ft3/s)10.Turbidity (NTU , JTU)


8/20

pHA scale that denotes how acidic or basic a substance is. Pure water has a pH of 7.0 and is

neither acidic nor basic.


9/20

PARAMETERPENCEMAR UTAMA

B O D

C O D

T S S TSS

Turbiditas

Minyak

Radio aktif Mikro organisme


10/20

Mikro organisme

What is E. col iand where does it

come from?

E. coli is a type of fecal coliform

bacteria commonly found in theintestines of animals and

humans. E. coli is short for

Escherichia coli. The presence of

E. coli in water is a strong

indication of recent sewage or

animal waste contamination.

Sewage may contain many types of

disease-causing organisms.


11/20

REAKSI BOD

The Reaction Expression -

Which can be expressed analytically as:

CnHaObNc + (n + a/4 - b/2 - 3c/4) O2 ----> n CO2 + (a/2 -3c/2)

H2

O + cNH3


12/20

BOD520


13/20


14/20

Biochemical Oxygen Demand

Referred to as a standardized laboratory procedureused to determine the relativeoxygen requirementsof wastewaters, effluents and polluted water -Standard Methods (1998)

widest application in management of waste loadings tosewage treatment facilities

measures the molecular oxygen utilized during aspecific incubation period for the biochemical

degradation of organic material andoxygen used tooxidize reduced forms of nitrogen (nitrogenousdemand)

works best at pH 6.5 - 7.5 (mariculture????)


15/20

BOD

Bacteria and other microorganisms

use organic substances for food as they metabolize organic material,

the consume oxygen organics are broken down into simpler

compounds such as CO2 and H2O energy released is used for growth

and reproduction


16/20

BOD

When this process occurs in water, theoxygen consumed is dissolved oxygen

if oxygen is not continuously replaced, the

D.O. level will decrease as the organics aredecomposed by microbes

rate of decline approximates 0.20 mgO2/L/hr (Boyd, 1990) in ponds

the need for oxygen is referred to asbiochemical oxygen demand

not: biological oxygen demand


17/20

BOD

Organic waste in sewage is is one of themajor types of water pollutants

impractical to isolate and identify each

specific organic chemical and determine itsconcentration

BOD is an indirect measure of the totalamount of biodegradable organics in the

water more organics = more BOD exerted


18/20

BOD

Complete decomposition of organic material bymicroorganisms takes time: (approx. 20 daysunder normal conditions)

the total amount of oxygen required tostabilize all biodegradable organic compoundsis the UBOD or BOD

L

amount expressed in mg/L of oxygen levels sometimes in excess of 1,500 mg/L normal sewage levels = 200 mg/L


19/20

PENGUKURAN BOD

5 days a 20oC 300 mL glass BOD bottles two D.O. readings: initial and after 5

days incubation in dark at 20oC BOD = D.O.Day 0 - D.O.5days very clean waters = BOD5 of 1.0 mg/L sewage level = BOD5 greater than 10

mg/L


20/20

COD This refers to chemicals present in the water

that are not biodegradable by microbes or areat least slowly degraded

measures all organics, including thebiodegradable (BOD) fraction) it is the amount of a specific oxidant

(potassium dichromate) that reacts with the

sample under controlled conditions So? Chemicalnot biological reaction

Metode Air

Documents