Methods used to control the spread of infection

2.02 Understand infection control 2.02 Understand infection control proceduresprocedures 11

Methods used to control the spread of infectionMethods used to control the spread of infection

PrecautionsPrecautions

AKA: “Universal” precautionsUsed to break the chain of infection

2.02 Understand infection control 2.02 Understand infection control proceduresprocedures

Standard PrecautionsStandard Precautions

Used on ALL patientsUsed on ALL patients

22

PPEPPE

Use when there is risk of contact with Use when there is risk of contact with any blood or body fluid any blood or body fluid – SecretionSecretion– ExcretionExcretion– Mucous membraneMucous membrane– Non-intact skinNon-intact skin– Tissue specimenTissue specimen

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2.02 Understand infection control 2.02 Understand infection control proceduresprocedures

Standard PrecautionsStandard Precautions

Hand washingHand washing

44

2.02 Understand infection control 2.02 Understand infection control proceduresprocedures

Standard PrecautionsStandard Precautions

Personal protection equipment (PPE)Personal protection equipment (PPE)

55

2.02 Understand infection control 2.02 Understand infection control proceduresprocedures

Methods used to control the spread of infectionMethods used to control the spread of infection

Standard PrecautionsStandard Precautions

GlovesGloves

66

2.02 Understand infection control 2.02 Understand infection control proceduresprocedures

Standard PrecautionsStandard Precautions

GownsGowns

77

2.02 Understand infection control 2.02 Understand infection control proceduresprocedures

Standard PrecautionsStandard Precautions

Masks and eye protectionMasks and eye protection

88

2.02 Understand infection control 2.02 Understand infection control proceduresprocedures

Standard PrecautionsStandard Precautions

Needlestick safetyNeedlestick safety

99

2.02 Understand infection control 2.02 Understand infection control proceduresprocedures

Standard PrecautionsStandard Precautions

SharpsSharps

1010

2.02 Understand infection control 2.02 Understand infection control proceduresprocedures

Standard PrecautionsStandard Precautions

Spills and splashesSpills and splashes

1111

2.02 Understand infection control 2.02 Understand infection control proceduresprocedures

Standard PrecautionsStandard Precautions

Resuscitation devicesResuscitation devices

1212

2.02 Understand infection control 2.02 Understand infection control proceduresprocedures

Standard PrecautionsStandard Precautions

Waste and linen disposalWaste and linen disposal

1313

2.02 Understand infection control 2.02 Understand infection control proceduresprocedures

Standard PrecautionsStandard Precautions

InjuriesInjuries

1414

2.02 Understand infection control 2.02 Understand infection control proceduresprocedures

Bloodborne Pathogen StandardBloodborne Pathogen Standard

Blood = human blood, blood Blood = human blood, blood components, blood productscomponents, blood products

Bloodborne pathogens = disease Bloodborne pathogens = disease causing organisms in bloodcausing organisms in blood

Examples:Examples:– (Hep. B, Hep. C, HIV)(Hep. B, Hep. C, HIV)

1515

2.02 Understand infection control 2.02 Understand infection control proceduresprocedures

Bloodborne Pathogen StandardBloodborne Pathogen Standard

In an emergency, you may not be able to identify body fluids or tell whether they contain blood, treat all body fluids as potentially infectious.

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Bloodborne Pathogen StandardBloodborne Pathogen Standard

Applies to all occupational exposure Applies to all occupational exposure of blood or other potentially of blood or other potentially infectious material.infectious material.

Always remember safety when using Always remember safety when using equipment/suppliesequipment/supplies

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Be AwareBe Aware

Never re-cap needlesNever re-cap needles Use sharp containersUse sharp containers Use resuscitation devicesUse resuscitation devices Reduce exposure to BBP by using Reduce exposure to BBP by using

PPEPPE

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Methods used to control the spread of infectionMethods used to control the spread of infection

Tuberculosis StandardTuberculosis Standard

OSHA Standard to reduce OSHA Standard to reduce occupationally transmitted/acquired TBoccupationally transmitted/acquired TB

Requires FIT tested and training in the Requires FIT tested and training in the use of specific respiratory PPEuse of specific respiratory PPE

PPD skin test annuallyPPD skin test annually

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Methods used to control the spread of infectionMethods used to control the spread of infection

Extended Infection Control Extended Infection Control PrecautionsPrecautions

2.02 Understand infection control 2.02 Understand infection control proceduresprocedures

Standard PrecautionsStandard Precautions PLUSPLUSAirborne PrecautionsAirborne Precautions

Contact PrecautionsContact Precautions

Droplet PrecautionsDroplet Precautions

2020

2.02 Understand infection control 2.02 Understand infection control proceduresprocedures

Extended Infection Control Extended Infection Control PrecautionsPrecautions

Transmission based precautionsTransmission based precautions– Additional precautions used with patients Additional precautions used with patients

infected with pathogens that are spread via:infected with pathogens that are spread via: airborne transmissionairborne transmission droplet transmissiondroplet transmission direct contact direct contact

– Requires isolationRequires isolation

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2.02 Understand infection control 2.02 Understand infection control proceduresprocedures

Airborne precautionsAirborne precautions

– Pt’s door must be closePt’s door must be close– pathogens are transmitted by airborne droplets – pathogens are transmitted by airborne droplets –

suspend in air or on dust particlessuspend in air or on dust particles– prevents the spread of illnesses such as measles prevents the spread of illnesses such as measles

(rubella) , chicken pox (varicella), TB (tuberculosis), (rubella) , chicken pox (varicella), TB (tuberculosis), and shingles (Herpes Zoster)and shingles (Herpes Zoster)

– Specific PPEs-Specific PPEs-– HEPA respirators are required for HCPHEPA respirators are required for HCP

HCP must be fit tested for a Hiigh Efficiency Particulate HCP must be fit tested for a Hiigh Efficiency Particulate Respirator (HEPA)Respirator (HEPA)

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2.02 Understand infection control 2.02 Understand infection control proceduresprocedures

Contact precautionsContact precautions

– Anything that comes in contact with pt is Anything that comes in contact with pt is contaminatedcontaminated Indirect/directIndirect/direct

– Pt must be in private roomPt must be in private room– Needed for diseases that can be easily Needed for diseases that can be easily

transmittedtransmitted– Diapered or incontinent pts with intestinal Diapered or incontinent pts with intestinal

infectionsinfections

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Contact precautionsContact precautions

– Helps prevent spread of GI, respiratory, skin, Helps prevent spread of GI, respiratory, skin, or wound infectionsor wound infections

– Specific PPEsSpecific PPEs glovesgloves gownsgowns

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2.02 Understand infection control 2.02 Understand infection control proceduresprocedures

Droplet precautionsDroplet precautions

– Most infection occurs within 3ft of ptMost infection occurs within 3ft of pt– Droplets are heavy and usually fall to floor Droplets are heavy and usually fall to floor

within 3 ft rangewithin 3 ft range– Droplets come from Droplets come from

Coughing, sneezing, talking and laughingCoughing, sneezing, talking and laughing

2525

Droplet precautionsDroplet precautions

– Helps prevent the spread of bacterial and viral Helps prevent the spread of bacterial and viral flu, meningitis, pneumonia, sinsusitis, otitis flu, meningitis, pneumonia, sinsusitis, otitis media, diptheria, pertussis, adenoviruses, media, diptheria, pertussis, adenoviruses, mumpsmumps

– Specific PPEs-Specific PPEs- Mask/face shield if working within Mask/face shield if working within

3 ft of patient3 ft of patient

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2.02 Understand infection control 2.02 Understand infection control proceduresprocedures

Protective or reverse precautions

– Used to protect ptUsed to protect pt– Example:Example:

Compromised immune system Compromised immune system CancerCancer AIDSAIDS

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All PrecautionsAll Precautions Limit use of non-critical care Limit use of non-critical care

equipment to single ptequipment to single pt Wash hands before and after careWash hands before and after care Bag linen to prevent contamination to Bag linen to prevent contamination to

self, environment, or outside of bagself, environment, or outside of bag Double bag and discard infectious Double bag and discard infectious

trashtrash Limit transport of pt Limit transport of pt Follow PPE for pt illnessFollow PPE for pt illness

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