Methods of Translation, bound and open translation

7/29/2019 Methods of Translation, bound and open translation

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||Methods of

translation||


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Introduction |L|||

What is the meaning of method oftranslation?

We can defined it as the way we

translate, whether we translate literallyor freely, the words or the meaning , theform or content , the letter or the spirit, the manner or the matter, the direct

meaning or the implied meaning, and soon.

Do you||get that?!

LETS CONTINUE


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Introduction |L|||

Writer on translation have suggesteddifferent methods based two major old-

new methods of translation, LITERALand FREE.

Do you||get that?!LETS CONTINUE


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1-literal translation |L|||

literaltranslation is understood andapplied in three different ways:

1. Word-for-word translation:Each English Word is translated intoequivalent word in Arabic which iskept the same as, and in line with thatof English: e.g.


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1- e.g. Word-for-wordtranslation:

That child is intelligent

How can we translate this sentence by using

this method ?

That child is intelligent

()Do you||get that?!

LETS CONTINUE


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Disadvan tages of this

method

This method is risky as it may disruptmeaning and, hence, translation, for anumber of reasons, some of which are:


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Disadvantages o f th is

method

1. It ignores the target languagecompletely, making it subject to thesource language wholly and entirely

For example:

()intelligentThat child is

But the correct is:

LETS CONTINUE


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method

1. It disregards the grammaticaldifferences between two language

For example:Mary wanted to take tea

wrong

(())correct

LETS CONTINUE


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method

3.It transfers the SLgrammar and wordorder. It does not acknowledge thedifferent word order (s) of twolanguage.

For example:

He is living from hand to mouth

) )wrong

Correct


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method

4. It has no respect for the context of thewords in language and allows for words to beunderstood in isolation, not in combination

with other surrounding words.For example:

please stay with me on the campus

wrongcorrect

LETS CONTINUE


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Disadvan tages fo r this

method

5.It transfers the primary (or common)meaning of words. By this, it dismissesthe possibility of any polysemous, specialindirect or metaphorical use of words.

For example:

stop beating about the bush

wrong

correct /


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method

It cannot deal with SL words that haveno equivalents in the TL

For example:

This man is a big shot

wrong

correct /


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method

7- It views meanings as the product of words

only, which is not acceptable.

For example:

I know this information

wrong

correct


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2-One to-one literal translation

One to-one literal translation is toNewmark

a boarder form of translation, each SLwords has a corresponding TL word

He also addsOne to-one translation ismore common than word-for-wordtranslation


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this method of translation means totranslate each SL word or phrase intoan identical word or phrase in the TL,with the same number, grammatical classand type of language.

noun is translated into a noun

two noun into two nouns

One adjectives into one

Idioms into idioms and so on


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For example:

My neighbors are good


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This method of literal translation issimilar to the first one in tworespects:

1. It retains the SL word order in the TL

2. It insists on having the same type andnumber of words


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It is different from it in two respectstoo:

1. It take context into consideration

2. It translate collocational meaning,special and metaphoricalSL words andphrase into their TL equivalents, if and

when available.Therefore, it is acceptable and betterthan word-for-word translation


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Disadvantages o f

th is method

1. It transfers the SL grammar andword order, regardless of the TLgrammar and word order:

(a)- starting all the Arabic versions with asubject then a verb each, ignoringsentences( (

And the start with the verb in verbalsentences ( (


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method

B-Insisting on translating verb be into and have into only in allexamples.

_______________

C- translating all personal pronouns.


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3-lieral translation of meaning:Direct translation

It is the translation of meaning in context; ittakes into account the TL grammar and wordorder.

It can be described as:1. full translation of meaning.2. the best method of literal translation.For example:

To run in the raceTo run a companyIn the long run


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Ok we finished the literaltranslation lets continue to

second method

||Free translation||


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||Free translation||

It means to translate withoutconstraints.

The translators is not strictly

constraints by the type of the text orcontext, or the direct and availablemeaning of words and phrases, lookingperhaps for the spirit, or the message.He can translate something the way heunderstands it.


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||Free translation|| All other terms pointed out above and

used nowadays to substitute for free,such as communicative, dynamic,

pragmatic, creative and idiomaticcoincide with many of theseimplications.


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Bound Free Translation

This type of free translation is derivedfrom the context in a direct way,though it may go out of it in some way

or another , in the form of exaggeration,expressivity , and effective, rhetoricalor formal language . It is the type we

usually understand by the term freetranslation .


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Examples:-

-He got nothing at the end

(/)

She was sad deep down

(/)


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Common among these translation is theirexpressive ,effective ,rhetorical and very

formal Arabic , by means of using:

A- Expression from the Holy Quran (10);

B- a prophetic Tradition (i.g.Sunnah)(4);

C- popular religious expression (9);D- proverbs(1);

+E- collocation(2,3)


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F- Poetry (5&6);

G- pompous , exaggerated expressions(7)

All these free translation are derived inone way or another from the original .


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B-Loose Free Translation :

This free translation method goes far

away from the direct linguistic contextto inferences. It is based on thetranslator's conclusions about what the

speak-writer want to say .


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Example:

* Thank you , Mr. Wilson . Next please .

(.)

The speaker says thank you to a guest orcustomer at the end of their meeting , asan indirect way to ask him-her to leave.so ,instead of asking him-her directly toleave he goes for thank you which isunderstood as will you leave, theinterview is over


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THE END OF PRESENTATON

Students :

1. Ashwag Al-mazamomy2.Sara Mohammed

Thank u Ashwag and SaraDr Amira

Methods of Translation, bound and open translation

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