1 1 Methods for Extraction of Nanocellulose from Various Sources Hanieh Kargarzadeh 1 , Michael Ioelovich 2 , Ishak Ahmad 1 , Sabu Thomas 3,4 , and Alain Dufresne 5,6 1 Faculty of Science and Technology, School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Polymer Research Center (PORCE), Universiti Kebangsan Malaysia (UKM), 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia 2 Designer Energy Ltd, 2 Bergman Str., Rehovot, 7670504 Israel 3 Mahatma Gandhi University, International and Inter University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Priyadarshini Hills P.O., Kottayam, Kerala 686560, India 4 Mahatma Gandhi University, School of Chemical Sciences, Priyadarshini Hills P.O., Kottayam, Kerala 686560, India 5 Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP) - The International School of Paper, Print Media and Biomaterials (Pagora), CS10065, 38402 Saint Martin d’Hères Cedex, France 6 CNRS, LGP2, 38000 Grenoble, France Abstract is chapter describes the chemistry and structure of cellulose fibers and the existing extraction methods for various kinds of nanocellulose (NC), such as cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs), cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs), amorphous nanocel- lulose (ANC), and cellulose nanoyarn (CNY). Specific conditions for extraction of NC from various natural sources are discussed in detail. e effects of the extraction methods, pretreatments, and conditions on the structure, morphology, and properties of isolated NC are described. Keywords natural sources; nanocellulose; extraction methods; extraction conditions; structure; properties List of Abbreviations AGU anhydroglucose units Al(NO 3 ) 3 aluminum nitrate AmimCl 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ANC amorphous nanocellulose BC bacterial cellulose BmimCl 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride BmimHSO 4 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate CaCl 2 calcium chloride Handbook of Nanocellulose and Cellulose Nanocomposites, First Edition. Edited by Hanieh Kargarzadeh, Ishak Ahmad, Sabu omas, and Alain Dufresne. © 2017 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. Published 2017 by Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.
Methods for Extraction of Nanocellulose from Various Sources
Jun 17, 2023
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