www.bef.lv Methodology on Functional Linkage between Marine and Terrestrial Areas prepared within the frame of the project on “Coastal and Maritime Spatial Planning in Pärnu Bay Area and Coastal Municipalities of Latvia” Anda Ruskule, Pärnu, May 2015
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Methodology on Functional Linkage between Marine and Terrestrial Areas
prepared within the frame of the project on “Coastal and Maritime Spatial Planning in Pärnu Bay Area and Coastal
Municipalities of Latvia”
Anda Ruskule, Pärnu, May 2015
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Content
• Background and context of the task • Objectives and approach of the methodology • Pilot testing of applicability of the
methodology • Solutions to ensure functional linkages
between sea and land uses
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SEA
Policy planning spaces/domains/arena
LAND
Marine spatial planning Land-use planning Land-sea
integration
TOURISM
WIND ENERGY PRODUCTION
Sea and land uses and interests
FISHING
SHIPPING
AGRICULTURE
FORESTRY
URBAN DEVELOPMENT
NATURE CULTURAL HERITAGE
LANDSCAPES PORTS
MINING OF MINERAL RESOURCE
CABELS & PIPES
Need for functional coherence
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Need for functional coherence
• EC’s policy on Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM), adopted as Recommendations in 2002 – Highlights an importance of coherence between sea- and land-
based activities • EC Road Map for Maritime Spatial Planning, 2008
– 1 of 10 principles - finding coherence between terrestrial and marine spatial planning, particularly in relation to ICZM
• EC Communication on Maritime spatial planning in the EU—achievements and future development, 2010 – planning from land to sea is crucial in particular for
environmental aspects
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• Directive 2014/89/ of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 July 2014 establishing a framework for maritime spatial planning. – The directive sets the land-sea interaction as one of the minimum
requirements for MSP
article 7 Land-sea interactions - land-sea interactions should not form part of the MSP process as such, MS
may use other formal or informal processes, such as integrated coastal
management. The outcome shall be reflected in the MSP
- MS shall aim through MSP to promote coherence of the resulting maritime
spatial plan or plans with other relevant processes
Need for functional coherence
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Objectives of the work • To promote sustainable coherence between
terrestrial and marine spatial planning domains • To provide with methodological
recommendations for improvements for national spatial planning policy
Methodology is targeted to planning
authorities of all levels; indirectely to
developers of sectoral policies
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Approach • Taking into account linkages between land and sea uses
shall not been considered as a separate planning process but shall be rather treated as a principle to be implemented when developing either marine or land use plans and related sectoral policies.
Substance
Process
Principle
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Main substance related steps in the implementation of the principle
1. Characterise land and sea uses
3. Define functional linkages between uses
2. Identify interactions and impacts between uses, sectors and interests
4. Propose solutions (spatial, legal) for different levels
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Demonstration in the pilot area
• Liepaja city • Grobina county:
– Medze parish
• Pavilosta county: – Vergale county – Saka county – Pavilosta city
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Step 1. Characterise land and sea uses and
interests to be considered in assessment of functional linkages between sea and land
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Urban development and growth tendencies
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Existing economic activities Port activity
Fishing
Tourism
Defence
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Potential interests and sea uses (wind parks, oil extraction, aquaculture) and related coastal infrastructure (electric grid systems)
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Nature values, landscapes, cultural heritage
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Environmental status, loads, erosion risks
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Step 2. Identify interactions and
impacts between land and sea uses, sectors and interests
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Coastal land uses
Coastal sea uses
Bathi
ng w
aters
Unde
rwate
r hab
itats
Bird
migr
ation
s
Resto
ratio
n of fi
sh re
sour
ces
Coas
tal an
gling
Coas
tal fis
hing
Open
sea f
ishing
Poten
tial a
quac
ultur
es
Unde
rwate
r cab
les
Port
aqua
torium
Sh
ipping
route
s and
na
vigati
on
Dred
ging o
f ship
ping r
outes
Anch
orag
e site
s
Sedim
ent d
epos
ition s
ites
Yach
ting t
ouris
m W
ater s
ports
(wind
surfin
g, etc
.) En
gine b
oats,
wate
r bike
s
Divin
g
Unde
rwate
r cult
ural
herita
ge
Milita
ry tra
ining
fields
Mine
sear
ch op
erati
ons
Poten
tial o
il extr
actio
n site
s
Poten
tial w
ind pa
rks
Beach as place for recreation - - - - - -
Nature tourism - - - Cultural and recreational tourism - - - - -
Accommodation for tourists - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Coastal tourism infrastructure - - - - - - - - - - -
Residential areas - - - - - - - - - - - -
Industrial areas - - - - - - - - -
Waste water discharges - - - - - - - - - - -
Electricity cables and grid systems - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Military training fields and activities
Military coastal observation system - - - - - - - - - - - -
Port terrestrial area -
Coastal protection, nourishment - - - - - - -
Fish catch landing sites at the coast - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Angling from the beach - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Coastal nature landscape - - - - - - - - -
Cultural historical monuments and landscape - - - - - - -
Nature protected areas, dune habitats - - - - - - - - - - - -
Interactions between land and sea based economic activities and spatial uses
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Step 3. Define functional linkages and
interdependencies between uses
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Functional linkages between uses in coastal areas Coastal land uses
Coastal sea uses
Bathi
ng w
aters
Unde
rwate
r hab
itats
Bird
migr
ation
s
Resto
ratio
n of fi
sh re
sour
ces
Coas
tal an
gling
Coas
tal fis
hing
Open
sea f
ishing
Poten
tial a
quac
ultur
es
Unde
rwate
r cab
les
Port
aqua
torium
Shipp
ing ro
utes a
nd na
vigati
on
Dred
ging o
f ship
ping r
outes
Anch
orag
e site
s
Sedim
ent d
epos
ition s
ites
Yach
ting t
ouris
m
Wate
r spo
rts (w
indsu
rfing,
etc.)
Engin
e boa
ts, w
ater b
ikes
Divin
g
Unde
rwate
r cult
ural
herita
ge
Milita
ry tra
ining
fields
Mine
sear
ch op
erati
ons
Poten
tial o
il extr
actio
n site
s
Poten
tial w
ind pa
rks
Beach as place for recreation - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Nature tourism - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Cultural and recreational tourism - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Accommodation for tourists - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Coastal tourism infrastructure - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Residential areas - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Industrial areas - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Waste water discharges - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Electricity cables and grid systems - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Military training fields and activities - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Military coastal observation system - - - - - - - - - - -
Port terrestrial area - - - -
Coastal protection, nourishment - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Fish catch landing sites at the coast - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Angling from the beach - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Coastal nature landscape - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Cultural historical monuments and landscape - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Nature protected areas, dune habitats - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
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• Ports – shipping • Ports – fishing, marine aquaculture – fish processing • Ports – oil extraction – industrial enterprises • Ports – wind parks - cables and grid system • Military observation network – shipping, fishing and yachting.
• Housing areas – coastal infrastructure – – nature areas and coastal landscapes – cultural heritage – – recreational tourism, yachting, water sports – ports
The main linkages between land and sea uses
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Step 4. Propose solutions
(demonstration of cases)
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Solutions for functional linkage between port and recreational uses
Objective: development of city waterfront thus diversifying the business and recreational opportunities
Issues to be addressed: • Public access to the North and the South breakwaters • Public access to waters in the Liepaja port territory of „Laumas” area • Efficient use of the Liepaja port area and establishment of new yacht/water sport centre
Potential solutions and role of municipality: • Organisation of public discussion – municipality • Elaboration of adetailed plan for the port territory with designation of public assess areas and their functions - municipality together with Liepaja port administration • Amendments to the local regulations of the Liepaja City Council on “Liepaja port regulations” – adopted by municipality with counselling of the national government
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Solutions for functional linkage between fishing and transport infrastructure
Potential solutions and role of municipality : • Planning, constructing and maintaining access roads for fish landings - municipality • Amendments in the Law on Protection Belts – initiated by government, adopted by parliament
Issues: • The legislation does not have any provision how to deliver fish catches from a boat to land – the Law on Protection Belts forbids the use of vehicles in the coastal dune area and beaches • Insufficient number of adequate access roads
Objective: • To ensure delivery of coastal fish catches to land in nature friendly way, not disturbing tourism and recreational sites
Access road in Pavilosta
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Solutions for different levels
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Solutions to implement the principle of the sea and land functional linkage
Spatial solutions
Legal solutions
Implementation of the principle
Local regulations
(local)
Legal acts (national)
Land-use plans (local)
Maritime plans
(national)
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Overview on solutions to implement sea and land functional linkage
Spatial solutions
• Maritime Spatial Plan: balanced interests of coastal development, recreation, nature, landscapes and cultural heritage
• Local municipal spatial (land-use) plans: identify access sites to the sea (roads, trails, parking lots), built up areas, port territories
• Thematic plans: beach use zoning and infrastructure; landscape planning • Nature management plans for protected areas: zoning, tourism
development infrastructure • Local/Detail plans: for port areas, for spatial parts of the municipalities
Legal solutions
• Spatial development planning law • Amendments in the Law on Protection Belts • Amendments in the local regulations of the municipalities
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Thank you!
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