Method Stament PDA Test

8/11/2019 Method Stament PDA Test

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METHOD StatementDynamic Testing usingPile Driving Analyzer (PDA)

Submitted to:

THE VALUES CUSTOMER

Submitted by:

PT Multi AGEOTESCONKompleks Perkantoran Vila Delima No. 7

Jl. Karang Tengah Raya Kav. 9Lebak Bulus, Jakarta 12440

T. 7698069,7698070, F. 7691866


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To:THE VALUES CUSTOMER

Subject: Pile Dynamic Testing usingPile Driving Analyzer (PDA)

Dear Sir/Madam,

I am pleased to submit the Proposal of Dynamic Testing using Pile Driving Analyzer(PDA) manufactured by Pile Dynamics Inc. Ohio, USA.

In 1973, Prof. G. G. Goble, the principal investigator of the original research whichstarted 1964 at Case Institute of Technology, USA, founded Pile Dynamics Inc. whichmanufactures and developers hardware and software to improve pile design, installationand construction control methods. Dynamic testing of pile recently has been recognizedby the American Society for Testing and Materials in ASTM D-4945.

Dr. Zacheus Indrawan and Ir. Ben Usagani, the founder of PT Multi AGEOTESCONintroduced dynamic testing in Indonesia in 1990. We are specialist and independentlycompany, with a highly ethical corporate culture.

Until 1990, we have tested more than 8400 piles at more than 2800 projectthroughout Indonesia.

Please do not hesitate to contact us if you or your client requires furtherexplanation about this proposal.

Finally, we would like express our gratitude for opportunity gave us offer ourservice to you in this project.

Sincerely yours,

Edy SuyonoOperational Director


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I. PURPOSE OF TESTING

The purpose of pile dynamic testing usingPile Driving Analyzer (PDA) is to obtaindata about:

1. Axial pile capacity.2. Pile integrity.3. Driving energy transferred efficiency.

The type of pile foundation that can betested dynamically using PDA is notlimited to driven-pile only. PDA is equally

applicable to cast-in-situ pile such as boredpiles, franki piles and other type of piledfoundation (see Appendix A).

I.1. Axial Pile Capacity

Determination of axial pile capacity isbased on characteristics of reflection wavegiven by the soil reaction (shaft friction andend-bearing).

The correlation between the pile capacityestimated from PDA result andconventional static is well recognized whichleads to its acceptance as an approvedmethod of pile testing in ASTM D-4945.

It should be noted, however, that thecorrelation shown in graph are based ontest results when the ultimate pile capacity

are reached by both PDA test and byconventional static load test.

I.2. Pile Integrity

Damages on pile foundation are due toseveral factors, e.g. during lifting of thepiles or during driving for driven pile. Forbored pile, 'necking' and soil inclusion arethe most commonly encountered defects.These damages can be

I. TUJUAN PENGUJIAN

Tujuan pengujian tiang dengan Pile DrivingAnalyzer (PDA) adalah untuk mendapatkandata tentang:

1. Daya dukung aksial tiang.2. Keutuhan/intigritas tiang.3. Efisiensi enerji yang ditransfer.

Jenis fondasi tiang yang dapat diuji denganPDA tidak terbatas pada tiang pancangsaja. PDA juga dapat digunakan untuk

tiang yang dicor di tempat seperti tiang bor,tiang franki dan jenis fondasi tiang lainnya(lihat Lampiran A).

I.1. Daya Dukung Aksial Tiang

Penentuan daya dukung aksial tiangdidasarkan pada karakteristik dari pantulangelombang yang diberikan oleh reaksitanah (lengketan dan tahanan ujung).

Korelasi yang baik antara daya dukungtiang yang diberikan dari hasil PDA dengancara statis yang konvensional telah diakui,yang membawa pada pengakuan PDAsebagai metode yang sah dalam ASTMD-4945.

Meski demikian, harus dicatat korelasi yangditunjukkan dalam grafik didasarkan pada

hasil pengujian jika daya dukung batas(ultimate) dicapai baik dengan PDAmaupun dengan pengujian statis yangkonvensional.

I.2. Keutuhan Tiang

Kerusakan pada fondasi tiang dapat terjadikarena beberapa hal antara lain pada saatpengangkatan tiang atau selamapemancangan tiang. Untuk tiang bor,pengecilan penampang dan longsornyatanah adalah kerusakan yang paling umum


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These damages can be detected usingPDA.

Based on the recorded F (force) and V(velocity) of the waves during itspropagation along the pile, the location ofdamage can be detected and remainingcross sectional area of the pile can beestimated.

If only the assessment on the pile integrityis required, a sub-system of PDA called

PIT (Pile Integrity tester) may be usedinstead of PDA.

I.3.Hammer Efficiency

PDA measures the actual driving energytransferred during testing, since ramweight and ram stroke are known, thetransferred efficiency can be calculated.

II. EQUIPMENTS

The equipment for PDA testing consistsof:

1. Pile Driving Analyzer (PDA),PAK/PAL/PAX model.

2. Two (2) strain transducers.3. Two (2) accelerometers.

4. Connection cable.

The equipments are contained in strongtransit cases. Each set of PDA andaccessories requires one or two cases,size:600mmx500mmx400mm; weightapproximately 30kg.

dijumpai. Kerusakan ini dapat dideteksidengan PDA.

Berdasarkan F (gaya) dan V (kecepatan)yang terekam dari gelombang selamaperambatannya sepanjang tiang, lokasidari kerusakan dapat dideteksi dan luaspenampang sisa dari tiang dapatdiperkirakan.

Jika hanya keutuhan tiang saja yangdibutuhkan, sebuah sub-sistem dari PDA

yang disebut Pile Integrity tester lebihekonomis untuk digukan dari pada PDA.

I.3.Efisiensi Palu Pancang

PDA mengukur enerji pemancanganaktual yang ditransfer selama pengujian.Karena berat palu pancang dan tinggi jatuhpalu pancang dapat diketahu, makaefisiensi enerji yang ditransfer dapat

dihitung.

II. PERALATAN

Peralatan untuk pengujian PDA terdiridari:

1. Pile Driving Analyzer (PDA),PAK/PAL/PAX model.

2. Dua (2) strain transducer.

3. Dua (2) accelerometer.4. Kabel penghubung

Peralatan dapat dimasukkan dalam kotakperjalanan yang cukup kuat. Setiap set

PDA dan perlengkapannya membutuhkansatu atau dua kotak yaitu berukuran sekitar600mmx500mmx400mm: dengan beratsekitar 30kg.


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III. TESTING PROCEDURES

III.1.Background

Dynamic testing of pile based on theanalysis of the one dimensional wavesgenerated when the pile was hit by ahammer.

Strain and accelerometer during drivingare measured using strain transducer andaccelerometer. Two strain transducers

and two accelerometers are attached atthe upper part of the tested piles(minimum > diameter from pile top).

Installation of two instruments for eachmeasurement was intended to ensuregood records and as an additionalmeasure in case one of the instruments isnot working properly.

The measurements are recorded by PDAand analyzed with the well known CaseMethod, based on one dimensional wavetheory. Background the theoretical ofdynamic testing, see in Appendix A.

III.2.Installation of Instruments

Dynamic testing was executed to estimatethe axial pile capacity of the piles.

Therefore, the installation of instrumentsis such that the effects of bending duringdriving may be eliminated as much aspossible.

This requires:1. Strain transducers should be installed at

the neutral axis and accelerometers areattached at diametrically oppositelocation.

2. The position of piling crane should beperpendicular to strain transducers line.

III. PROSEDUR PENGUJIAN

III.1.Latar Belakang

Pengujian dinamis tiang didasarkan padaanalisis gelombang satu dimensi yangterjadi ketika tiang dipukul oleh palu.

Regangan dan percepatan selamapemancangan diukur menggunakan straintransducer dan accelerometer. Dua buahstrain transducer dan dua buah

accelerometer dipasang pada bagian atasdari tiang yang diuji (kira-kira > diameterdari kepala tiang).

Pemasangan kedua instrumen pada setiappengukuran dimaksudkan untuk menjaminhasil rekaman yang baik dan pengukurantambahan jika salah satu instrumen tidakbekerja dengan baik.

Pengukuran direkamoleh PDA dandianalisis dengan Case Method yangsudah umum dikenal, berdasarkan teorigelombang satu dimensi. Latar belakangteoritis pengujian dinamis tiang dapatdibaca pada Lampiran A.

III.2.Pemasangan Instrumen

Pengujian dinamis dilaksanakan untuk

memperkirakan daya dukung aksial tiang.

Karena itu, pemasangan instrumendilakukan sedemikian rupa sehinggapengaruh lentur selama pengujian dapatdihilangkan sebanyak mungkin.

Untuk itu harus dilakukan adalah:1. Strain transducer harus dipasang pada

garis netral dan accelerometer padalokasi berlawanan secara diametral.

2. Posisi dari palu pancang harus tegaklurus terhadap garis strain transducer.


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III.3.Testing Preparation

Preparation works before testing consistsof:1. Excavation of the ground surface

around the pile head (on land).2. Drilling small holes on the pile for

bolting the strain transducers andaccelerometers.

3. Installation of instruments.

III.4.Required Information

1. Drawing showing the location andidentification of the pile.

2. Date driven.3. Pile length and cross sectional area.4. Length of penetration.

III.5.Testing Procedures

PDA test is executed according to the

procedure stipulated in ASTM D-4945.

III.6.Time of Testing

PDA test can be carried out during theactual installation of a pile to monitor thedevelopment of pile capacity as the pilepenetrates deeper, the performance of thedriving system or monitoring the extremedriving stresses.

PDA test can also be carried out at a laterdate after the pile was driven. Thepurpose of this test is usually to estimatethe long term pile capacity, after drivingpore pressure is dissipated.

III.3.Persiapan Pengujian

Persiapan pengujian terdiri dari:1. Penggalian tanah permukaan sekeliling

kepala tiang, apabila kepala tiang samarata permukaan tanah (di darat).

2. Pengeboran lubang kecil pada tianguntuk pemasangan strain transducerdan accelerometer.

3. Pemasangan instrumen.

III.4.Informasi yang diperlukan

1. Gambar yang menunjukkan lokasi danindentifikasi tiang.

2. Tanggal pemancangan.3. Panjang tiang dan luas penampang tiang4. Panjang tiang tertanam.

III.5.Prosedur Pengujian

Pengujian PDA dilaksanakan berdasarkan

prosedur yang tercantum dalam ASTMD-4945.

III.6.Waktu Pengujian

Pengujian PDA dapat dilakukan selamapemancangan untuk memonitoriperkembangan daya dukung tiang sejalandengan tiang masuk makin dalam, kenerjadari sistem pemancangan atau memonitor

tegangan pada saat pemancangan yangekstrim.

Tetapi umumnya PDA digunakan untukmenentukan daya dukung jangka panjangtiang fondasi. Untuk tujuan ini, pengujian

PDA sebaiknya dilakukan beberapa harisetelah pemancangan, setelah gayalengketan tanah mulai bekerja.


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III.7.Test Results

Results for each blow are immediatelydisplayed on the monitor at operatingspeeds up to 120 blows per minute. Thedata are automatically stored on hard diskfor subsequent analysis and report qualitypresentation.

IV.CAPWAP ANALYSIS

The PDA result can be further evaluated

with CAPWAP program to producedistribution of soil resistance along thepile, simulated static loading test andsimulated pull-out test.

V. ADVANTAGES OF PDA METHOD

1. PDA provides on-site information tomake the crucial decision, if necessaryduring driving.

2. PDA test checks the pile integrity aswell as its pile capacity. Therefore, itgives an important information on thequality of the pile; an information notavailable from a conventional loadingtest.

3. PDAtesting utilizes the most advancedcomputer technology which enables thetest to be done in a very shorttime. PDA test typically takes 1 hour as

compared 1 to 2 weeks required for aconventional static loading test.Therefore, PDA test is most suitablefor fast track project.

4. The portability of PDA equipmentmade it possible to evaluate the pilecapacity as the driving progresses.

III.7.Hasil Pengujian

Hasil pengujian untuk setiap pukulan dapatsegera ditampilkan pada layar sampai 120pukulan per menit. Data secara otomatisdisimpan pada hard disk untuk analisisselanjutnya dan laporan. Hasil dapat diprintuntuk presentasi dalam laporan.

IV.ANALISIS CAPWAP

Hasil PDA dapat dianalisis lebih lanjut

menggunakan program CAPWAP untukmenghasilkan distribusi daya dukung tanahsepanjang tiang, simulasi pengujianpembebanan statis dan tarik.

V. KELEBIHAN METODE PDA

1. PDA memberikan informasi di lapanganuntuk membuat keputusan yangmendesak, jika diperlukan pada saat

pemancangan.2. Pengujian PDA memeriksa keutuhan

tiang maupun daya dukung. Karena ituPDA memberikan informasi yangpenting mengenai mutu tiang, suatuinformasi yang tidak dapat diperolehdari pengujian pembebanan yangkonvensional.

3. Pengujian PDA menggunakan teknologikomputer yang paling mutahir sehingga

memungkinkan pengujian dapatdilakukan dalam waktu yang sangatsingkat. Pengujian PDA umumnyamemakan waktu 1 jam jikadibandingkan dengan 1 s.d. 2 mingguyang dibutuhkan untuk pengujianpembebanan statis yang konvensional.Karena itu, PDA adalah yang palingcocok untuk proyek-proyek yang cepat.

4. Portabilitas peralatan PDAmemungkinkannya untuk mengevaluasidaya dukung tiang selama prosespemancangan.


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VI.APPLICATION OF DYNAMICTESTING IN INDONESIA

Our company introduced thisstate-of-the-art of pile testing toIndonesia in 1990. Since then we havetested more than 8400 piles at more than2800 project throughout Indonesia. Theexperiences gained in testing so manydifferent types of piles on a completerange of Indonesian soils have given usconfidence to offer our services to

international projects, jetty facilities,bridges, high rise building etc., from Acehto Papua. Our engineers more than 18years experience in this job, makingminimize mistake the data and analysis.

PT Multi AGEOTESCON

Ir. Edy Suyono0811 811 154

VI.PENGGUNAAN PENGUJIANDINAMIS DI INDONESIA

Perusahaan kami telah memperkenalkanpengujian mutahir ini di Indonesia padaawal tahun 1990. Sejak itu telah diuji lebihdari 8400 tiang pada lebih dari 2800 proyekdi seluruh Indonesia. Pengalaman yangdiperoleh dalam pengujian demikianbanyak jenis tiang pada kondisi tanah diIndonesia begitu bervariasi memberikanpada kami keyakinan untuk menawarkan

pelayanan kami pada klien mancanegarayang terlibat dalam proyek fasilitas jetty,

jembatan, gedung pencakar langit dll diIndonesia dari Aceh samapai Papua.Pengalaman engineer kami lebih dari 18tahun, dapat meminimalkan kesalahandalam mengambil data dan menganalisis.


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Figure 1. PDA Instruments and accessories supportGambar 1. PDA instrumen dan asesoris pendukung


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Figure 2. Typical arrangement for attaching instruments to several type of pilesFigure 2. Tipikal persiapan pemasangan instrumenr pada beberapa jenis tiang


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From: F.Rausche, G.G.Goble, G.E.Likins, Dynamic Determination of Pile CapacityJournal of geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 111, No. 3, march, 1985, pp 367-383.

Figure 3. Comparison between PDA Test and Static Load Test resultsGambar 3. Perbandingan antara hasil PDA Test dan Statis Load Test


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CODE

REMARK

#V140-K4

BN Blow number 3

RMX Pile capacity [ton] 227

FMX Maximum compressive force [ton] 338

CTN Maximum tension force [ton] 0

EMX Maximum transferred energy [tonm] 2.93

DMX

Maximum displacement [mm]

13

DFN Permanent displacement [mm] 3

BTA Pile integrity value [%] 100

STK Ram stroke [m] 2

BPM Blow per minute 46.1

LE

Length below instruments [m]

28.5

LP Length of penetration during testing [m] 28

AR

Cross sectional area [cm]

1600

Figure 4. PDA Test resultsGambar 4. Hasil pengujian PDA

PT MULTI AGEOTESCONTANGKI LPG 4X5000 m^3

PDA OP: ES

PILE DRIVING ANALYZER

Version 2002.094

V140-K4SQUARE-400MM;MH-45;22/10/04

BN 312/1/2004 9:21:57 AM

RMX

tn

227

FMX tn

338

CTN

tn

0EMX

tn-m

2.93DMX mm13DFN mm3BTA (%)100.0STK m2.0BPM bpm46.1

LE m28.5

AR

cm^2

1600.00EM t/cm2

306

SP t/m32.45WS m/s3500.0EA/C tn-s/m139.7LP m28.0

16.29 ms

102.4ms

500tn

F

3.58m/s

V

102.4ms

500tn

WD

500tn

WU


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Figure5.CAP

WAPAnalysisresults

Gambar5.H

asilAnalisaCAPWAP

4 74

-250.00

0.00

250.00

500.00

ms

tons

6 L/c

Force Msd

Force Cpt

4

-250.00

0.00

250.00

500.00 tons

0

5

10

15

20

tons/m

70

14 0

21 0

28 0

tons

0.00 70.00 140.00 210.00 280.000.00

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

Load (tons)

Displacement(mm)

Pi le Top

Bottom

Ru = 236.1 tons

Rs = 191.5 tons

Rb = 44.6 tons

Dy = 14.9 m m

Dmx = 15.0 m m

TANGKI LPG 4x5000 m^3; Pile: V140-K4; SQUARE-400MM;MH-45;22/10/04; BN: 3 (Test: 01-Dec-2004)

PT MULTI AGEOTESCON


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APPENDIX A LAMPIRAN A

PDA Testing for Bored piles - Pengujian Tiang Bor dengan PDA

PDA Testing for Steel, Spun Pile at off shore-Pengujian Tiang Baja,Spun di laut dg PDA

PDA Testing for Spun & Square - Pengujian Tiang Spun & Square dengan PDA

Method Stament PDA Test

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