Meteorological data – AWS Changri Nup – on glacier (debris-covered surface) Introduction: Two AWS have been working on Changri Nup Glacier: - AWS_A since October 2010 (approx. 5360 m asl, but regularly moved to a flat area explaining why we have AWS_A1 (October 2010-November 2012), AWS_A2 (November 2012- November 2014) and AWS_A3 (November 2014-November 2015)) - AWS_B since November 2014 (approx. 5470 m asl) Figure 1 gives a general picture of debris-covered Changri Nup Glacier with the approximate locations of the meteorological stations (AWS_A, yellow star and AWS_B, red star). In annex, Figure 8 is a general map of Everest area with the locations of Changri Nup Glacier as well as of the other glaciers monitored in Glacioclim. Figure 1: Picture of Changri Nup Glacier with the approximate location of AWS_A at 5360 m asl (yellow star) and AWS_B at 5470 m asl (red star). Everest and Lhotse are visible in the background.
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Meteorological data – AWS Changri Nup – on glacier (debris-covered surface)
Introduction: Two AWS have been working on Changri Nup Glacier:
- AWS_A since October 2010 (approx. 5360 m asl, but regularly moved to a flat area explaining
why we have AWS_A1 (October 2010-November 2012), AWS_A2 (November 2012-
November 2014) and AWS_A3 (November 2014-November 2015))
- AWS_B since November 2014 (approx. 5470 m asl)
Figure 1 gives a general picture of debris-covered Changri Nup Glacier with the approximate
locations of the meteorological stations (AWS_A, yellow star and AWS_B, red star). In annex, Figure 8
is a general map of Everest area with the locations of Changri Nup Glacier as well as of the other
glaciers monitored in Glacioclim.
Figure 1: Picture of Changri Nup Glacier with the approximate location of AWS_A at 5360 m asl
(yellow star) and AWS_B at 5470 m asl (red star). Everest and Lhotse are visible in the background.
AWS_A (approx. 5360 m asl)
AWS_A Changri Nup n°1: October 2010 to November 2012 (AWS_A1 inserted into the ice)
o Location: 27°59’N; 86°47’E; 5356 m a.s.l. or in WGS84, UTM North, Zone 45: Easting:
478315 m; Northing: 3095379 m
o Data: checked
o Displayed Hour = Local time (= TU+5h45)
o Sensors (Table 1):
Table 1: List of different sensors with their specificity, installed on the weather station at 5356 m on Changri Nup Glacier on 30 October 2010 (AWS_A1)
Quantity Sensor Type Height, cm on 30 Oct. 2010
Accuracy according to the
manufacturer
Air temperature*, °C Vaisala HMP45C 195 ±0.2°C Relative humidity*, % Vaisala HMP45C 195 ±2 % Wind direction, deg and speed, m s-1
Figure 2 : Changri Nup AWS_A1 on October 30, 2011 (Photo P. Wagnon)
AWS_A2 Changri Nup n°2: November 2012 to November 2014 (AWS_A2 inserted into the
ice until 09/04/2014 and after this date, installed on a free-standing tripod except SR50,
inserted in ice)
o Location: 27°59’N; 86°45’E; 5363 m a.s.l. (moved 45 m west of the initial position)
and in WGS84, UTM North, Zone 45: Easting: 478277 m; Northing: 3095365 m in
December 2012
o Data: checked
o Displayed Hour = Local time (= TU+5h45)
o Sensors (Table 2):
Table 2: List of different sensors with their specificity, installed on the weather station at 5363 m on Changri Nup Glacier on December 5, 2012 (AWS_A2)
Quantity Sensor Type Height, cm On 05/12/2012
Accuracy according to the
manufacturer
Air temperature*, °C Vaisala HMP45C 152 ±0.2°C Relative humidity*, % Vaisala HMP45C 152 ±2 % Wind direction, deg and wind speed, m s-1
Figure 3 : Changri Nup AWS_A2 on 8 April 2013 – inserted into the ice (Photo P. Wagnon)
Figure 4 : Changri Nup AWS_A2 on 9 April 2014 – on a tripod except SR50 (Photo P. Wagnon)
AWS_A3 Changri Nup n°3: November 2014 to November 2016 (AWS_A3 installed on a free-
standing tripod except SR50, inserted in ice)
o Location: in WGS84, UTM North, Zone 45: Easting: 478293 m; Northing: 3095381 m;
elevation 5354 m in November 2015 (moved in between the positions of AWS_A1
and AWS_A2). The station has been moved upward on a flatter area on 27 November
2015 (no DGPS at the new location, but approx. 50 m W-SW of the original location,
and 10 m higher close to its 2012 location)
o Data: checked
o Displayed Hour = Local time (= TU+5h45)
o Sensors (Table 3):
Table 3: List of different sensors with their specificity, installed on the weather station at 5360 m on Changri Nup Glacier on November 2014 (AWS_A3).
Quantity Sensor Type Height, cm on 30 Nov 2014 after
moving the AWS
Accuracy according to the
manufacturer
Air temperature*, °C Vaisala HMP45C 165 ±0.2°C Relative humidity*, % Vaisala HMP45C 165 ±2 % Wind speed, m s-1 Young 05103-5 100 and 240 ±0.3 m s-1
Wind direction, deg Young 05103-5 100 and 240 ±3 deg Incident short-wave radiation,W m-2
Heat flux at the ice-debris Hukseflux ice-deb. Interface Ablation/accumulation Campbell SR50A** 88 ±1 cm * artificially aspirated during daytime / ** all sensors are mounted on a tripod except SR50A mounted on an external pole inserted in ice; take care that SR50 is above a surface with 30 cm thick debris
o Photos of AWS_A3
Figure 5: Photo of the AWS_A3, after servicing and moving (30/11/2014, Biron)
Figure 6: Photo of the AWS_A3, after servicing and moving (27/11/2015, Wagnon)
AWS_B (approx. 5470 m asl)
AWS_B Changri Nup: November 2014 to November 2016 (AWS_B installed on a free-
standing tripod except SR50, inserted in ice)
o Location: in WGS84, UTM North, Zone 45: Easting: 478359 m; Northing: 3096394 m;
Elevation: 5472 m on 29 Nov. 2014.
o Data: checked
o Displayed Hour = Local time (= TU+5h45)
o Sensors (Table 4):
Table 4: List of different sensors with their specificity, installed on the weather station at 5470 m (AWS_B) on Changri Nup Glacier on 29 November 2014.
Quantity Sensor Type Height, cm On 29 Nov 2014
Accuracy according to the
manufacturer
Air temperature*, °C Vaisala HMP155A 215 ±0.1°C at 0°C Relative humidity*, % Vaisala HMP155A 215 ±1 % at 15°C Wind speed, m s-1 A100LK Vector 115 and 245 ±0.3 m s-1