MESOPOTAMIA.docx

MESOPOTAMIA1 The potter's wheel: 3000 BC: Apotter's wheelis a machine used in the shaping of round ceramic ware. The wheel may also be used during the process of trimming the excess body from dried ware and for applying incised decoration or rings of colour.2 The wheel: 3000 BC: Awheelis a circular component that is intended to rotate on an axialbearing. The wheel is one of the main components of thewheel and axlewhich is one of thesix simple machines.3 The Egyptian papyrus: 3000 BC: It is a thick paper-like material produced from the pith of thepapyrusplant, Cyperuspapyrus4 The plough and draught animals: from 3000 BC: Theploughorplow is atoolused in farming for initialcultivationofsoilin preparation for sowing seed or planting to loosen or turn the soil.5 Silk: c.2850 BC: Silkis a naturalproteinfibre, some forms of which can bewovenintotextiles. The protein fibre of silk is composed mainly offibroinand produced by certain insect larvae to form cocoons6 Glass: c.1500 BC: Glassis anamorphoussolid material that exhibits aglass transition, which is the reversible transition in amorphous material from a hard and relatively brittle state into a molten or rubber-like state.7 Sundial and water clock: from the 2nd millennium BC: Asundialis a device that tells the time of day by theposition of the Sun.Awater clockorclepsydrais anytimepiecein which time is measured by the regulated flow of liquid into or out from a vessel where the amount is then measured.8 Navigation by Polaris: from c.1100 BC: Polaris is the brightest star in theconstellationUrsa Minor.9 Glazed ceramics: 9th - 1st century BC: Glazeis a layer or coating of avitreoussubstance which has been fused to aceramicobject through firing. Glaze can serve to color, decorate, strengthen or waterproof an item.10 Lock and key: c.710 BC: Alockis amechanicalorelectronicfastening device that is released by a physical object such as akey,keycard,fingerprint,RFIDcard, orsecurity token, by supplying secret information (such as a keycode or password), or by a combination thereof.

Indus valley1 Button, ornamental: Buttonsmade fromseashellwere used in theIndus Valley Civilizationfor ornamental purposes by 2000 BCE.[1]Some buttons were carved into geometric shapes and had holes pierced into them so that they could be attached to clothing by using a2 Ruler: The oldest preserved measuring rod is acopper-alloybar which was found by theGermanAssyriologistEckhard Ungerwhile excavating atNippur(pictured below). The bar dates from c. 2650 BC. and Unger claimed it was used as a measurement standard.3 Stepwell: Earliest clear evidence of the origins of the stepwell is found in the Indus Valley Civilization's archaeological site atMohenjodaroin Pakistan[6]and Dholavira, India.[7]The three features of stepwells in the subcontinent are evident from one particular site, abandoned by 2500 BCE, which combines a bathing pool, steps leading down to water, and figures of some religious importance into one structure

Egyptian1 Written Language

2 Eye Makeup3 Papyrus Sheets

4 The Calendar5 The Plow6 Breath Mints7 Bowling8 Shave and a Haircut9 The Door Lock10 Toothpaste11 Linen12 Irigation13 Maths14 Medicine