Jan 03, 2016
Merrill HoltDirectorParallel Server Product ManagementOracle Corporation
Oracle Parallel Server Cache Fusion Delivers ScalabilityOracle9i
Oracle9i Parallel Server
Oracle9i Parallel Server is designed for today’s most demanding deployments
– Server consolidation means very large user populations
– Critical e-business requires full time service
– Rapid growth shortens capacity planning
Oracle9i Parallel Server
Major changes in Oracle9i– Scalability with full Cache Fusion
architecture– Improved availability– Improved manageability
Oracle Parallel Server Architecture
ClusteredDatabase Servers
Mirrored Disk Subsystem
High Speed Switch or Interconnect
Hub or Switch Fabric
NetworkCentralized Management Console
Storage Area Network
Low Latency InterconnectVIA or Proprietary
Drive and Exploit Industry Advances in Clustering
Users
No SinglePoint Of Failure
Oracle Parallel Server
Database Challenges: Scalability
Scale to Millions of Users– Transparently– All types of
applications
Scale workloads without limits
Grow storage easily
Scale to Millions of Users– Transparently– All types of
applications
Scale workloads without limits
Grow storage easily
Scalability Overview
Transparent application scalability Enhanced IPC (Inter-Process
Communication) Simplification of lock configuration Tuning flexibility Tuning automation
Out-of-the-Box Transparent Application Scalability In the past clustered databases scaled
well for specific types of applications– Data Warehouse– Parallel-enabled OLTP
Oracle Parallel Server with Cache Fusion is a breakthrough in parallel database technology delivering transparent scalability to all types of applications
Cache Fusion Architecture Full Cache Fusion
– Cache-to-cache data shipping
– Shared cache eliminates slow I/O
– Enhanced IPC
Allows Flexibleand Transparent Deployment
Users
Shared CacheShared Cache
Cache FusionCache Fusion
Full Cache Fusion
DatabaseDatabase
Node A
Database buffers
Node B
Database buffers
RequestRequestData TransferData Transfer
Oracle9i Cache Fusion increases performance and scalability by reducing communication latency
– Data is shipped directly over high speed interconnect
– Minimize disk I/O
Cache Fusion ManagesInter Instance Requests Readers and writers
accessing instance A gain access to blocks in instance B’s buffer cache
Four types of block contention
Coordination by Distributed Lock Manager
ReadReadReadRead
RequestRequest for Block for BlockCache ACache A
RequestRequest for Block for BlockCache ACache A
ReadReadReadReadWriteWriteWriteWrite
WriteWriteWriteWrite
Lock StatusLock StatusBlock inBlock inCache BCache B
ReadReadReadRead
ReadReadReadReadWriteWriteWriteWriteWriteWriteWriteWrite
Transparent Scaling
Scalable Instance Coordination– Multiple LMDs (Lock Manager Daemon)– Intelligent message batching– Enhanced flow control and buffer handling– Faster, concurrent cross instance calls
using IPC instead of multiple DLM operations
– Enhanced asynchronous IPC
Distributed Lock Manager
LMDLMD
LMONLMON
LCKLCK
DLMDLM
LockDatabase
Shared Pool
SGAInter-instance lock processing
Processes in a Parallel Server Instance
Fulfills lock manager service for PCM locks Handles CacheFusion Processing
Provides Cluster Monitoring
HandlesNon-PCMLocks
LMON
LMD
LCK
Other Processes- PMON- SM ON- DBWR- LGWR- CKPT
Foreground Processes (Oracle Shadow Processes)
Enhanced IPC
Global IPC service layer– Each requesting server process handles
asynch IPC– Efficient I/O implementation
Remote memory operations for direct DMA
– Exploit modern low latency interfaces
New V$ tables for IPC statistics
Lock Simplification and Automation Automatic DLM configuration
– Automatic derivation of DLM configuration– No INIT.ORA lock parameters required– Improved lock efficiency and memory
management
Dynamic lock affinity– DLM locks dynamically remastered reducing
locking overhead– Cache layer determines policy for
remastering
Tuning Flexibility
Improved insert concurrency Flexibility in free-list group
mangement– Add free-list groups to existing
database objects– Altering free-list groups of existing
database objects
Database Challenges:Availability
Oracle Parallel Server
Be available all the time– design for fault tolerance– provide fast and
reliable fault recovery– eliminate maintenance
downtime Support mission-critical
business operations
Be available all the time– design for fault tolerance– provide fast and
reliable fault recovery– eliminate maintenance
downtime Support mission-critical
business operations
No Single Point of Failure
Parallel Server– Exploits clusters for very high availability– Overcomes the limitations of traditional
failover solutions by providing: Concurrent processing Load Balancing Fast time to recovery
No single point of failure– Network, Storage– CPU, OS
NEW in Oracle9i: Availability Features Reduced time to recovery
– Concurrent lock reconfiguration and instance (cache) recovery Lock replay only for dead masters/locks Deferred/lazy lock remastering Batching of reconfiguration messages Parallel replay processing by multiple LMDs Optimal lock invalidation Optimized special reconfiguration case (e.g. 2->1)
Fast/reliable detection of node/network failure
Database Challenges:Manageability
Oracle Parallel Server
Create one virtual system to configure and manage
Single system image for the database integrated with the cluster
Create one virtual system to configure and manage
Single system image for the database integrated with the cluster
Oracle Parallel Server Manageability Single system Image
– Single Oracle Database – One virtual system to configure and
manage– Single management console
Cluster-wide Monitoring & Diagnostics
NEW in Oracle9i: Parallel Server Manageability Features Improved Single System Image Exploit cluster file systems Improved tools infrastructure for
management– Oracle Universal Installer (OUI)– Enterprise Manager (EM)– Database Configuration Assistant (DBCA)– Net8 Assistant (Net8CA)– Recovery Manager (RMAN)
First pass diagnostics
Improved Configuration
Centralized, persistent configuration storage
– Eliminates consistency problems with the per node text file based Parallel Server configuration in prior versions.
– Utilities to migrate previous Parallel Server configurations
Enhanced DBCA & Net8CA functionality– Robustness– Capability to add and delete instances
Improved Administration
Dynamic node addition to cluster – Add a node in both the system and Parallel
Server
Better integration with Oracle Enterprise Manager
– View and update server side initialization parameter file (SPFILE)
– Assign private rollback segments to Parallel Server instances
Improved Administration
Better integration with OEM (Contd.)– Enhanced monitoring capability and events
available with OEM and performance packs Cache Fusion statistics Statistics for interconnect block traffic Statistics for the entire database or per
instance New EM events associated with new
statistics
Improved Diagnosibility
Server side capability– First pass analysis on problems
Reduces the turnaround time to resolve bugs
Enables analysis of intermittent, hard to reproduce problems
– Reduces need for diagnostic patches
Microsoft Windows Platform Integration Integration with Microsoft Cluster Server Cluster Pre-install Tool
– Disk diagnostics– Extensive consistency checks across nodes
Multi-Instance Capability– Enable multiple instances on a single node
Multi-Database Capability– Support multiple databases on the same
cluster
Oracle9i Delivers Performance and Scalability In today’s rapidly changing environment:
– Internet users and transaction volumes grow extremely rapidly
– Data warehouse systems must support very large data volumes
– Server consolidation drives the need for large scale systems
Oracle9i provides the ability to deploy as you grow
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