Mercury: Mean Distance from Sun 57,909,175 km (35,983.1 miles) or 0.387 astronomical units Diameter 4,879.4 km (3,031.92 miles) Volume (Earth = 1) 0.054 Mass 3.3 x 10 23 kg (0.012 x 10 27 ounces) or 0.055 (Earth = 1) Density 5.43 gm/cm 3 Surface gravity 0.376 (Earth = 1) Rotation period (length of day in Earth days) 58.65 Revolution period (length of year in Earth days) 87.97 Mean surface temperature 116.86 C (332.33° F) Natural satellites None
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Mercury: Mean Distance from Sun 57,909,175 km (35,983.1 miles) or 0.387 astronomical units Diameter 4,879.4 km (3,031.92 miles) Volume (Earth = 1) 0.054.
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Mercury:
Mean Distance from Sun
57,909,175 km (35,983.1 miles) or 0.387 astronomical units
Diameter 4,879.4 km (3,031.92 miles) Volume (Earth = 1)
0.054
Mass 3.3 x 1023 kg (0.012 x 1027
ounces) or 0.055 (Earth = 1) Density 5.43 gm/cm3
Surface gravity 0.376 (Earth = 1) Rotation period (length of day in Earth days)
58.65
Revolution period (length of year in Earth days)
87.97
Mean surface temperature
116.86 C (332.33° F)
Natural satellites
None
Venus:
Mean Distance from Sun
108,208,930 km. (6.72 x 107 miles) or 0.723 astronomical units
Diameter 12,103.6 km (7,520.83) miles
Volume (Earth = 1) 0.88
Mass 4.87 x 1024 kg (0.17 x 1027
ounces) or 0.814 (Earth = 1) Density 5.24 gm/cm3
Surface gravity 0.903 (Earth = 1)
Rotation period (length of day in Earth days)
243 Earth days (spins backwards compared to most other planets)
Europa has almost a complete absence of craters as well as almost no vertical relief.
Major Atmospheric Constituent: Oxygen
A warm, convecting ice layer, located several kilometers below a cold, brittle surface ice crust (top model),
or
a layer of liquid water with a possible depth of more than 100 kilometers (bottom model).
These artist's drawings depict two proposed models of the subsurface structure of Europa,
If a 100 kilometer (60 mile) deep ocean existed below a 15 kilometer (10 mile) thick Europan ice crust, it would be 10 times deeper than any ocean on Earth and would contain twice as much water as Earth's oceans and rivers combined.
Major salt would be magnesium sulfate while the Earth's oceans are salty due to sodium chloride (common salt).
Europa has an atmosphere
From Plasma Sputtering
Distance from Jupiter: 1,070,000 km 14.95 RJ
Radius: 2,634 km
Ganymede
Ganymede is most likely composed of a rocky core with a water/ice mantle and a crust of rock and ice.
Major Atmospheric Constituent: Oxygen
It is heavily cratered, especially in the dark regions, implying ancient origin.
Ganymede: Plasma Wind Erosion/ Mid-Latitude Projection via Global Magnetic Field
Distance from Jupiter: 1,883,000 km 26.3 RJ
Radius: 2,403 km
Callisto
It orbits just beyond Jupiter's main radiation belt.
Major Atmospheric Constituent: Carbon Dioxide
Callisto is the most heavily cratered satellite in the solar system. Its crust is very ancient and dates back 4 billion years, just shortly after the solar system was formed.
Callisto’s Interior : a relatively uniform mixture of comparable amounts of ice and rock.
Mean Distance from Sun
1,426,725,400 km (8.87 x 108 miles) or 9.54 astronomical units
Diameter 120,536 km (74,897.6 miles) Volume (Earth = 1) 755
Mass 5.69 x 1026 kg (2.01 x 1028 ounces)
or 95.2 (Earth = 1) Density 0.70 gm/cm3
Surface gravity (896 cm/s (2))
1.16 (Earth = 1)
Rotation period (length of day in Earth days)
0.44 (10.2 Earth hours)
Revolution period (length of year)
29.46 Earth years
Mean surface temperature
-139.15 C (-218.47° F)
Natural satellites Titan is the largest, and the next
six in size are Rhea, Iapetus, Dione, Tethys, Enceladus, Mimas. Twenty-three others had been discovered before 2001.
Saturn
Like Jupiter, Saturn is about 75% hydrogen and 25% helium with traces of water, methane, ammonia and "rock", similar to the composition of the primordial solar system
Both planets also generate more energy than they absorb from the Sun – Brown Dwarfs
The rings are actually composed of innumerable small particles, ranging in size from a centimeter or so to several meters.
A few kilometer-sized objects are also likely.
Saturn's rings are extraordinarily thin: though they're 250,000 km or more in diameter they're less than one kilometer thick.
Titan
Distance from Saturn: 1,221,830 km, 10 RS
Radius: 2,575 km
An impenetrable layer of atmosphere and clouds.
Liquid seas or pools of methane or ethane; water would be frozen due to Titan's low surface temperature.
Kuiper Belt is a disk-shaped region past the orbit of Neptune roughly 30 to 100 AU from the Sun containing many small icy bodies.
It is now considered to be the source of the short-period comets.
Mean Distance from Sun
2,870,972,200 km (1.78 x 109 miles) or 19.19 astronomical units
Diameter 51,118 km (31,763.3 miles)
Volume (Earth = 1) 52
Mass 8.68 x 1025 kg (3.06 x 1027 ounces)
or 14.48 (Earth = 1) Density 1.30 gm/cm3
Surface gravity 1.15 (Earth = 1)
Rotation period (length of day in Earth hours)
0.72 or 17.9 Earth hours (spins backwards compared to most other planets)
Revolution period (length of year in Earth years)
83.75
Mean surface temperature
-197.15 C (-322.87° F)
Natural satellites Five of largest are Miranda, Titania,
Oberon, Umbriel, Ariel. Sixteen others had been discovered before 2001.
Uranus
Mean Distance from Sun
4,498,252,900 km (2.80 x 109 miles) or 30.07 astronomical units
Diameter 55,528 km (34,503.5 miles) Volume (Earth = 1) 44