MERCANTILISM, ENLIGHTENMENT, AND GROWING REBELLIOUSNESS Chapter 1 - Section 2
MERCANTILISM, ENLIGHTENMENT, AND GROWING REBELLIOUSNESSChapter 1 - Section 2
OVERVIEW
Frustrated by British policies and limited rights, American colonists began demanding greater freedom. Fueled by the Enlightenment and the Great Awakening, many colonists protested the English Monarch’s policies. Angered by protests, Britain increased its control over the colonies. Many colonists responded by declaring independence, while others remained loyal to Britain. The Americans won the Revolutionary War and Britain recognized the United States of America as an independent nation.
MERCANTILISM
Triangular trade allowed the colonies to expand their trade and colonies, how ever, England enacted laws to limit the colonial trade and further England’s economic interest
Mercantilism = Set of ideas about the worlds economy
Belief = To become wealthy, you must accumulate as much silver and gold by selling more goods to other countries than it bought from them & have a surplus of raw materials
CHARLES II
Assumed the throne in 1660, and determined to use the colonies for wealth!
Passed the Navigation Act of 1660 = Requiring all goods going to and from the colonies to be shipped on English ships
1663, England passed the Staple Act, requiring all items going to the colonies MUST go to England first to be taxed
FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR 1754 - 1759
GREAT BRITAIN BECAMEINTERESTED IN THE OHIO RIVERVALLEY AREA(SO DID THE FRENCH)
FRENCH AND INDIANS (ALLIES)FOUGHT THE BRITISH ALSO KNOWNAS THE 7 YEARS WAR
BRITAIN WON, BECAME MOSTPOWERFUL IN N.A. & GAINED ALL OFLOUISIANA EAST OF MISSISSIPPI,AND FLORIDA
PROCLAMATION ACT OF 1763
Halt Colonial expansion west of Appalachian Mountains into Native Am. Lands
King George III didn’t want to risk war with Native Americans & additional money
BRITAIN IN DEBT
Heavily in debt from war & a lot of new territory to defend
Felt colonies should help pay for the cost of the war
Colonists continued to boycott British goods and black market continued
Britain implemented new taxes on the colonists
NEW REGULATIONS AND TAXES
Sugar Act of 1764:
Sugar, molasses, silk, wine, coffee & Indigo
Stamp Act of 1765:
Req. Stamps on all printed material = Playing cards, contracts, newspapers, diplomas & Documents
Quartering Act 1765 -
Required colonists to provide shelter to British troops
SONS OF LIBERTY
Organized protests of stamp act (Stamp Act Congress)
Boycotted all British products
Wrote “Declaration of Rights and Grievances”
“No taxation w/o representation!!!”
Ignored tax /boycotted Brit. goods
Tax Stamp repealed
TOWNSHEND ACTS
Britain needed more money
Tax lead, paper, paint, glass
Officers can arrest smugglers
Sam Adams, George Washington,Thomas Jefferson led Protest
TOWNSHEND ACT - BOSTON MASSACRE
Taunting British Soldiers guarding customs house
Colonists threw snowballs
British Fired
5 dead
tension so high, Britain repealed all taxes except tea
COLONISTS DEFY BRITAIN
May 1773 - Tea Act
New Tea shipments blocked in harbor
Sons of Liberty dressed as Indians and headed to Boston Harbor
150 men dumped 342 chests of tea into harbor
COERCIVE ACTS
Britain passed the Coercive Act
Punishment for Tea Party
Closed Boston Port until dumped tea was paid for
New laws banned town meetings
King stationed 2000 troops to keep order in Mass.
Colonists called the “Acts” became known as the “Intolerable Acts”
QUESTIONS?
IN REVIEW
1. Britain and France fought over this area of land -
Ohio River Valley - with N.A. help
2. Act placing taxes on lead, paper & paint was called _________ act
Townshend Acts
3. Act requiring taxes on paper, documents, diplomas etc. was called __________ act?
Stamp Act
What “ACT” was placed on the Boston colonists as punishment of the “Boston Tea Party”?
Coercive Acts