menuju sistem perekonomian yang tahan krisis dan berbasis syariah

5/12/2018 menuju sistem perekonomian yang tahan krisis dan berbasis syariah - slidepdf.com

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1

OJMZNZ TCT[JO YJWJH@M@OCAM SAMB [AEAM HWCTCT

GJWGATCT TSAWCAEOzeaooak Aehgaw

Oaeatcta FJG ZMEAT

Ozeaooak-aehgawIboacl-dò

Agt{wad{

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fzmd{c`m `f cm{jwojkca{c`m- Gamhcmb cm o`kjwm {cojt c{ e`lkt {ej

tst{jo `f cm{jwjt{, recde cm {ej jmk {ej tst{jo `f cm{jwjt{ rcll coyad{

mjba{cvjls m`{ `mls `m {ej gamhcmb tst{jo c{tjlf gz{ alt` `m {ej

jd`mòs `f {ej ma{c`m- Cm {ej ockt{ `f jd`mòcd {zwo`cl cm {ej lzmbj

t{`wo tst{jo dwctct, Ctlaocd gamhcmb tst{jo ct ywjtjm{ cm {ej ockt{ `f

{ej gamhcmb r`wlk- Amk c{ eat gjjm yw`vjk {ea{ {ej gamhcmb tst{jo

dam tzwvcvj kjtyc{j teawcmb {ej juyl`c{t `f {ej t{`wo dwctct- Tst{jo f`w

{ej wjtzl{t {` gj ayylcjk cm Ctlaocd gamhcmb at rjll at a kcffjwjm{ca{`w

rc{e {ej d`mvjm{c`mal gamhcmb tst{jo ct m`{ mjr gz{ eat gjjm hm`rm

cm jawlcjw {cojt-

Agt{wad{

Gamh ojojbamb yjwamam yjm{cmb kalao yjogambzmam gambta,ljogaba yjwgamham ojwzyaham talae ta{z {zlamb yzmbbzmb

yjwjh`mòcam tza{z mjbawa, hawjma ojoclchc fzmbtc cm{jwojkcatc-

Yjwgamham yaka oata o`kjwm cmc ojojbamb tct{jo gzmba, samb yaka

ahecwmsa tct{jo gzmba aham gjwkaoyah mjba{cvj gzham eamsa yaka

yjwgamham c{z tjmkcwc {j{ayc nzba {jweakay yjwjh`mòcam gambta- Kc

{jmbae hjhadazam tct{jo yjwjh`mòcam kc {jwnamb gakac hwctct,

yjwgamham kjmbam tct{jo tsawcae eakcw kc {jmbae/{jmbae kzmca

yjwgamham- Kam {jlae ojogzh{cham gaera yjwgamham kjmbam tct{jo

gabc eatcl kaya{ gjw{aeam ralazyzm kc {jwnamb gakac hwctct- Tct{jo gabc

eatcl samb kc {jwayham yaka yjwgambham tsawcae nzba tjgabac yjogjka

kjmbam yjwgamham h`mvjmtc`mal gzhamlae tct{jo gawz {ayc {jlae kchjmal yaka naoam kzlz-

Ha{a hzmdc> Gzmba, Gabc Eatcl, Hwctct, Gamh Tsawcae



7

YJMKAEZLZAM

Lanz yjw{zogzeam tjw{a yjogambzmam jh`mòc tza{z mjbawa {ckah ljyat

kawc yjwamam tjh{`w yjwgamhham kc mjbawa {jwtjgz{- Gamh ojwzyaham talae ta{z

ljogaba hjzambam samb ojoyzmsac yjwamam yjm{cmb kalao ojmdcy{aham

yjwjh`mòcam tza{z mjbawa- Ljogaba yjwgamham ojwzyaham talae ta{z {zlamb

yzmbbzmb yjwjh`mòcam tza{z mjbawa, hawjma ojoclchc fzmbtc Cm{jwojkcatc a{az

tjgabac yjwam{awa am{awa yjoclch o`kal %fzmk tzyylcjw# kjmbam yjmbbzma kama

%fzmk ztjw#- Gamh yaka katawmsa akalae ljogaba cm{jwojkcatc samb ojmbecoyzm

kama kawc oatsawaha{ kam ojmsalzwham hjogalc hjyaka oatsawaha{- Oatsawaha{

samb ojoyzmsac tzwylzt yjmkaya{am lalz ojmscoyam zambmsa kc gamh oaha gamh

aham ojmnakc yceah yjwam{awa kc kalao ojmsalzwham kama {jwtjgz{ hjyaka

oatsawaha{ samb ojogz{zeham- Kc Cmk`mjtca yjwgamham kc gjkaham gjwkatawham

yjogasawam gzmba a{az gabc eatcl ztaeamsa sahmc gamh samb ojlahzham ztaea

tjdawa h`mvjtc`mal a{az kc tjgz{ nzba Gamh H`mvjmtc`mal kam gamh samb

ojlahzham ztaea tjdawa tsawcae a{az Gamh Tsawcae

Hjgjweatclam yjwgamham kalao ojlahtamaham fzmbtcmsa tjgabac

cm{jwojkcatc aham ojogjwcham yjmbawze samb hza{ {jweakay yjogambzmam

jh`mòc tza{z mjbawa, {j{ayc kalao hjakaam hwctct ojwzyaham taa{ kcoama

yjwgamham ojmbalaoc {am{ambam kalao ojlahtamaham fzmbtcmsa, tjyjw{c hwctct

samb kc ozlac yaka {aezm 1335, samb yaka rah{z c{z kcmaoaham hwctct o`mj{jw, kc

hawjmaham {jwnakc yjmzwzmam samb tamba{ {anao mclac wzycae {jweakay k`law, wzycae

yjwmae ojmdayac Wy 13-999,99 yjw k`law aojwcha- Hwctct o`mj{jw akalae tjnawae

hjlao gabc yjwjh`mòcam `wkj gawz kam taa{/taa{ samb gjwa{ gabc yjojwcm{aeam

kam wahsa{ Cmk`mjtca-



4

Hwctct samb gjwozla kawc [eaclamk, hjozkcam Cmk`mjtca, Fclcycma kam

tjlamnz{msa gjwcogat hj H`wja Tjla{am- COF kam Hjlòy`h B/2 gjwyjmkaya{

gaera hwctct samb {jwnakc {jwtjgz{ ljgce kctjgagham `lje gjwgabac “Yjmsahc{‟

kòjt{ch samb aka kc Mjbawa/mjbawa atca {cozw c{z tjmkcwc- “Yjmsahc{‟ {jwtjgz{

am{awa lacm gjwzya wjm{ammsa tct{jo yjwgamham kam cmkzt{ws hjzambam, {jwnakcmsa

`vjw tyjhzlatc kc gckamb yw`yjw{c kam yataw taeao, akamsa h`lztc am{awa

yjojwcm{ae kam halambam gctmct- %T`jhw`, 7995>;1#

Oatalae hwctct jh`mòc {jwtjgz{ ojogara oatalae gawz samb ljgce

gjwgaeasa gabc yjwgamham sahmc hwctct hjyjwdasaam oatsawaha{ yaka gamh,

{jwgzh{c yaka oata hwctct gamsah oatsawaha{ samb ojmbaogcl zambmsa kalao

nzolae gamsah kam tjwjm{ah- Gamh kjmbam attj{ {wclczmam {ckah aham ojmnaocm

gaera gamh {jwtjgz{ tjea{ kam ywjh`mòcam aham hjogalc ojogach, gzh{c gaera

gamh/gamh h`mvjmtc`mal yaka taa{ tjgjlzo hwctct ojmdayac 499 gamh, tj{jlae

hwctct samb gjw{aeam eamsa tjhc{aw 27 gamh- Tjkambham Gamh Tsawcae samb yaka

taa{ hwctct eamsa aka ta{z kc Cmk`mjtca kaya{ gjw{aeam kc {joya bjlògamb hwctct

{jwtjgz{- Ralazyzm gamh tsawcae yaka taa{ c{z eamsa ojoclchc attj{ gjgjwaya

oclcaw -

Hzmdc hjgjweatclam Gamh Tsawcae kalao ojmbeakayc hwctct akalae

{wamtahtcmsa wcll, {ckah g`lje gjwtyjhzlatc kam gjwyceah hjyaka tcayayzm,

tjkambham yjwgamham h`mvjmtc`mal samb ojmbalaoc hjeamdzwam tjyjw{c hc{a

hj{aezc ojmjwayham tct{jo gzmba {ckah akcl, {jwlalz tjwcmb gjwtyjhzla{cf kam

{jwlalz gjwyceah hjyaka yawa yjmbztaea gjtaw kjmbam ojogjwcham hwjkc{ samb

gjtaw hjyaka ojwjha-



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Eal samb tjmaka kjmbam yjmkaya{ yawa yjmbaoa{ yjwjh`mòcam samb

ojmsa{aham gaera “yjwgamham akalae yjmbbjwah yjwjh`mòcam matc`mal, oaha

gcla gamh ojmbalaoc bjn`lah tjlamnz{msa gjwkaoyah yaka hjbca{am jh`mòc samb

t{abmatc gaeham gaeham ojmzwzm-

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jh`mòc yaka {aezm 1332 gzhamlae ojwzyaham hjnz{am, hawjma hwctct {jwtjgz{

akalae ojwzyaham eal samb gcata {jwnakc g`ò amk gzt{ dsdlj- %T`jhw`,7995>;7#-

Kalao yjwjh`mòcam h`mvjmtc`mal hwctct ojwzyaham eal samb gcata, ojthcyzm

kjochcam gzham gjwaw{c kjmbam akamsa yjmkaya{ cmc aham kaya{ kc ywjkchtc hayam

{jwnakcmsa hwctct samb aham ka{amb- Tct{jo gzmba samb kc {jwayham `lje yjwgamham

h`mvjmtc`mal tjdawa {ckah lambtzmb ojoamdcmb hwctct samb yaka ahecwmsa

ojoyjmbawzec hjakaam yjwjh`mòcam tza{z mjbawa-

Tjlaoa tct{jo yjwjh`mòcam kc Cmk`mjtca samb tamba{ ojljha{ akalae

tct{jo gzmba, kam eaoycw tjoza gckamb jh`mòc kchac{ham kjmbam gzmba- Oaha

yjw{zogzeam jh`mòc nzba tjlalz kchac{ham kjmbam tct{jo gzmba aham gjwahcga{

akamsa hjtjmnambam t`tcal kcoama tjnzolae hjdcl `wamb tjoahcm gjw{aogae hasa

hawjma ojmbzatac gawamb kam o`kal, tjkambham kctaa{ samb taoa gamsah

oatsawaha{ samb eckzy kcgarae bawct hjocthcmam-

Tjnawae Yjwgamham Kalao Ctlao

Yecl`t`fc kam ywcmtcy yjwgamham tsawcae gzhamlae ojwzyaham tjtza{z

samb gawz, Ywah{jh/ywah{jh tjyjw{c ojmjwcoa {c{cyam eaw{a, ojmcmnaoham zamb

zm{zh hjyjwlzam h`mtzotc kam zm{zh hjyjwlzam gctmct, tjw{a ojlahzham

yjmbcwcoam zamb, {jlae la~co kclahzham tjnah ~aoam Watzlzllae- Eamsa tana yaka



:

~aoam W`tzlzllae ywah{jh {jwtjgz{ kc lahzham eamsa `lje cmkcvckz kam cmkcvckz

{jwtjgz{ eamsa ojlahzham ta{z fzmbtc tana- Tjecmbba fzmbtc/fzmbtc z{aoa

yjwgamham o`kjwm sac{z ojmjwcoa kjy`tc{, ojmsalzwham kama, kam ojlahzham

{wamtfjw kama {jlae ojmnakc gabcam samb {ckah {jwyctaeham kawc hjeckzyam zoa{

Ctlao, gaeham tjnah ~aoam Watzlzllae-%Hawco,799:>12#

baogaw- 1 Gamh fzmd{c`m cm {ej jwa `f {ej ywèj{–t coojkca{j dòyamc`mt

Tzogjw> Hawco> 799:

Fzmbtc/fzmbtc yjwgamham samb kclahzham `lje ta{z cmkcvckz, kalao tjnawae

Ctlao {jlae kchjmal tjnah ~aoam Aggatcsae- Yjwgamham ozlac gjwhjogamb yjta{

hj{cha gjwjkaw gamsah njmct oa{a zamb yaka ~aoam c{z tjecmbba yjwlz hjaelcam

heztzt zm{zh ojogjkaham am{awa ta{z oa{a zamb kjmbam oa{a zamb lacmmsa- Cmc

kcyjwlzham hawjma tj{cay oa{a zamb ojoyzmsac hamkzmbam l`bao ozlca samb

gjwlacmam tjecmbba ojoyzmsac mclac samb gjwgjka yzla- @wamb samb ojoyzmsac

hjaelcam heztzt cmc kctjgz{ maqck, tawwaf, kam ncegc~- Eal cmc ojwzyaham dchal

gahal ywah{jh yjmzhawam oa{a zamb %o`mjs deambjw#- %hawco, 799:> 15#

[` addjy{ kjy`tc{t

[` deammjl fcmamdcmb [` {wamtfjw o`mjsGamhcmb fzmd{c`mt

kzwcmb yw`yej{

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6

Baogaw- 7 dòyawct`m gj{rjjm ncegc~ amk gamh

Tzogjw> hawco,799:

Hj{cha gambta Jw`ya ozlac ojmnalamham ywah{jh yjwgamham, yjwtàlam

ozlac {cogzl hawjma {wamtahtc samb kclahzham ojmbbzmaham cmt{wzojm gzmba-

[wamtahtc gjwgatct gzmba cmc tjoahcm ojwjgah hj{cha Wana Ejmws VCCC yaka {aezm

1:;: ojog`ljeham gzmba %cm{jwjt{# kjmbam tsawa{ gzmbamsa {ckah g`lje gjwlcya{

bamka %judjttcvj#- Hj{cha Wana Ejmws VCCC rafa{, ca kcbam{cham `lje Wana Jkrawk

VC samb ojoga{alham hjg`ljeam gzmba zamb- Cmc {ckah gjwlambtzmb laoa- Hj{cha

rafa{, ca kcbam{cham `lje Wa{z Jlc~agj{e C samb hjogalc ojog`ljeham gzmba

zamb %Hawco, 799:> 79#-

Baogaw- 4 jv`lz{c`m `f gamhcmb ad{cvc{cjt cm {ej oztlco dòozmc{s

Tzogjw> hawco> 799:

tcoclawc{cjt

kcffjwjmdjt

ncegc~

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[` deammjl fcmamdcmb

[` {wamtfjw o`mjs

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[` deammjl fcmamdcmb

[` {wamtfjw o`mjs

Cmkcvckzalls

oamabjk

Cmt{c{z{c`malls

oamabjk

cmkcvckzal ncegc~ gamh

Cmkcvckzalt- Jb

[ej yw`yej{ `w

dòyamc`mt

ywad{cdcmb gz{

`mj fzmd{c`m `f

gamhcmb

Cmkcvckzalt

“yw`fjttc`malt‟

ywad{cdcmb all

{wjj gamhcmb

fzmd{c`mt

Cmt{c{z{c`mt

ywad{cdcmb all

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fzmd{c`mt



2

Tjlamnz{msa, gambta Jw`ya ozlac gambhc{ kawc hj{jwgjlahambammsa-

Yjmnjlanaeam kam yjmnanaeam ozlac kclahzham hj tjlzwze yjmnzwz kzmca, tjecmbba

hjbca{am yjwjh`mòcam kzmca ozlac kckòcmatc `lje gambta/gambta Jw`ya- Yaka

taa{ samb taoa, yjwakagam oztlco ojmbalaoc hjojw`t`{am kam mjbawa/mjbawa

oztlco ta{z yjw ta{z na{ze hj kalao djmbhjwaoam yjmnanaeam gambta/gambta

Jw`ya- Ahcga{msa, cmt{c{ztc/cmt{c{ztc yjwjh`mòcam zoa{ oztlco wzm{ze kam

kcbam{cham `lje cmt{c{ztc jh`mòc gambta Jw`ya samb ojog`ljeham gzmba-

%hawco, 799:> 79#

YJWAM TCT[JO GZMBA GAMH KALAO YJWJH@M@OCAM

Wcga kaya{ {cogzl kawc ycmnaoam %wcga kasm# kam kaya{ yzla {cogzl kawc

yjwkabambam %wcga gac#- Wcga gac– {jwkcwc kawc kza njmct wcga sac{z wcga hawjma

yjw{zhawam gawamb tjnjmct, {j{ayc nzolaemsa {ckah tjcogamb %wcga fakl# kam wcga

hawjma yjw{zhawam gawamb tjnjmct kam nzolaemsa kcljgceham hawjma ojlcga{ham

nambha rah{z %wcga matcae#- Wcga ojoclchc yjwtaoaam oahta kam hjyjm{cmbam

kjmbam gzmba %cm{jwjt{#- %Deaywa, 135:#- Ljgce naze labc, ljogaba/ljogaba ctlao

cm{jwmatc`mal oazyzm ma{c`mal {jlae ojoz{ztham tjnah {aezm 136: gaera gzmba

gamh a{az tjnjmctmsa akalae taoa kjmbam wcga %Atdawsa, 7992> 1;#-

Hjsmjt %1346# ojmkjfcmctcham gzmba tjgabac yjwtjm{atj hjljgceam

tjnzolae zamb yaka yjwnamncam yjmsjwaeam kc oata kjyam- Octalmsa tjtzkae

gjgjwaya rah{z, {jweakay eawba zamb tjdawa {zmac a{az hat kalao nzolae {jwtjgz{-

kjmbam kjochcam, gzmba ojwzyaham {aogaeam samb kc yjw`lje gjwkatawham

yjwtjm{atj yaka nzolae zamb %o`kal# samb kcycmnaoham samb kc {jm{zham tjdawa

{j{ay yaka aral {wamtahtc {amya ojoyjw{cogambham hjakaam yw`sjhtc kc oata

ojmka{amb kawc tctc zm{zmb oazyzm wzbc- Yakaeal kalao kzmca msa{a gjtawmsa



5

hjzm{zmbam {jwbam{zmb kawc njmct ztaea, laoa ztaea, hjakaam yataw tjw{a nawcmbam

yataw, tjw{a t{agclc{at y`lc{ch, kam kcoama c{z kaya{ gjwjtch` hjwzbcam-

Gamh h`mvjmtc`mal ojmnalamham hjbca{ammsa gjwkatawham kjmbam tct{jo

gzmba, gamh h`mvjmtc`mal ojoahtcoalham yjw`ljeam kama kjmbam ojmarawham

{cmbha{ gzmba gzmba tjecmbba oamawch gabc matagae zm{zh yjmscoyamam kama-

Gzmba tcoyamam kcha{aham ojmawch ncha ljgce {cmbbc kawc yaka {cmbha{ cmflatc,

{cmbha{ gzmba kc lzaw mjbjwc, kam {cmbha{ gzmba gamh/gamh kalao mjbjwc

Gamh h`mvjmtc`mal nzba ojmarawham hwjkc{ samb ojmawch gabc kjgc{zw,

sac{z kjmbam gzmba tjwjmkae/wjmkaemsa, gaeham halaz gcta ljgce wjmkae kawc yaka

gzmba tcoyamam- Gzmba hwjkc{ samb wjmkae kaya{ ojogza{ yjmbztaea ojocmnao

zamb yaka gamh tjecmbba gcta ojoyjwbca{ ztaea samb yaka bclcwammsa kaya{

ojoadz yjw{zogzeam jh`mòc, tjgalchmsa {cmbha{ gzmba hwjkc{ samb {cmbbc

ojmsjgagham wjmkaemsa yw`kzh{cvc{at oatsawaha{ hawjma yjmbztaea hjhzwambam

o`kal kalao hjbca{am yw`kzhtcmsa-

Wcga tjdawa jh`mòct ljgce ojwzyaham tjgzae zyasa zm{zh

ojmb`y{coalham alcwam cmvjt{atc kjmbam dawa ojoahtcoalham hjozmbhcmam

cmvjt{atc ojlalzc yjlawambam akamsa yjoat{cam %gzmba#- Tjoahcm {cmbbc {cmbha{

gzmba, tjoahcm gjtaw hjozmbhcmam alcwam cmvjt{atc samb {jwgjmkzmb- Kjmbam

akamsa yjlawambam wcgagzmba, kcmkcmb samb ojoga{atc alcwam cmvjt{atc {ckah aka

tjecmbba alcwam lamdaw {amya ealambam- Eal cmc {jwlcea{ njlat yaka taa{ Cmk`mjtca

kclamka hwctct hjzambam kam yjwgamham yaka {aezm 1332/1335- Yaka taa{ c{z, tzhz

gzmba ojlaogzmb tamba{ {cmbbc ojmdayac 69* kjmbam tzhz gzmba tj{cmbbc c{z

gcta kcha{aam eaoycw {ckah aka `wamb samb gjwamc ojocmnao hj gamh zm{zh

cmvjt{atc %Atdawsa,7992>15#



3

Baogaw ;- Alcwam cmvjt{atc samb {jwgjmkzmb

Tjdawa bwafct kaya{ yzla kc {zmnzhham gaera ojmcmbha{msa tzhz gzmba

kawc S * hj U * {jlae ojmzwzmham nzolae hjozmbhcmam cmvjt{atc kawc Q1 hj Q 7

bwafch- 1 ezgzmbam {cmbha{ gzmba kjmbam cmvjt{atc

Tzogjw> atdawsa , 7992>13

Yjw{zogzeam jh`mòc samb {cmbbc kam t{agcl kctza{z mjbawa ojojwlzham

{cmbha{ gzmba hwjkc{ samb wjmkae- Zm{h ojmdayac {cmbha{ gzmba hwjkc{ samb

wjmkae eawzt kclahzham yjmzwzmam gzmba tcoyamam- [cmbha{ gzmba tcoyamam

samb {cmbbc kctza{z mjbawa tjwcmb ojmdjwocmham {cmbbcmsa {cmbha{ cmflatc,

{cmbbcmsa tzhz gzmba gamh kc lzaw mjbjwc, kam {cmbbcmsa yjwtacmbam am{aw gamh

samb tjozamsa ojmbcmkchatcham {ckah tjea{msa h`mtctc jh`mòc tza{z mjbawa-

Yjmzwzmam {cmbha{ gzmba tcoyamam tzlc{ kclahzham hawjma {cmbha{ gzmba tcoyamam

kalao yataw samb gjgat kc{jm{zham `lje ezhzo yjmarawam kam yjwocm{aam-

laga

wzbc

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19

Gamh samb ojmarawham gzmba tcoyamam samb ljgce wjmkae `{òa{ct aham

kc{cmbbalham `lje matagaemsa- Kclacm yceah, gzmba hwjkc{ samb {cmbbc ncha

kcmachham aham tjoahcm ojmsjmbtawaham oatsawaha{, hawjma yaka ahecwmsa

kjgc{zw tjgabac yw`kztjm aham ojogjgamham gcasa {jwtjgz{ hjyaka oatsawaha{-

Yjmjwayam oj{`kj gzmba tjoadao cmclae samb tjwcmb ojmsjgagham

yjwjh`mòcam ojmkakc {ckah t{agcl ahcga{ cmflatc-

Kalao yjwjh`mòcam h`mvjmtc`mal, tct{jo wcga, Fca{ O`mjs, Dòo`kc{s

O`mjs, Fwad{c`mal Wjtjwvj Tct{jo kalao yjwgamham, kam yjog`ljeam Tyjhzlatc

ojmsjgagham yjmdcy{aam zamb %haw{al kam bcwal# kam {jwtjk`{msa zamb kc tjh{`w

o`mj{jw zm{zh ojmdawc hjzm{zmbam {amya wjtch`, ahcga{msa zamb a{az cmvjt{atc

samb tjeawztmsa {jwtalzw hj tjh{`w wcll zm{zh {znzam yw`kzh{cf tjgabcam gjtaw lawc

hjtjh{`w o`mj{jw kam ojmbeaoga{ yjw{zogzeam gaeham ojmsztz{ham tjh{`w wcll-

Yjmdcy{aam zamb {amya akamsa mclac {aogae aham ojmcogzlham cmflatc yaka

ahecwmsa yjw{zogzeam jh`mòc samb ojmnakc {znzam aham {jweaoga{ %Atdawsa,

7992> 72#-

Baogaw- : Coylchatc Gzmba Yaka Yjwjh`mòcam

Tzogjw> Tah{c> 7992

Tst{jo Wcga

Yjmdcy{aam kam

h`mtjm{watc

Ojmsztz{ham

Tjh{`w Wcll

cmflatc

Ojmbeaoga{ lanz

jh`mòc



11

Yjwjh`mòcam samb {ckah t{agcl aham gjwcoylchatc hjogalc hjyaka gamh,

hawjma gamsah gamh h`mvjmtc`mal samb ojmbalaoc mjba{cf tywjak , eal c{z

kctjgagham {cmbha{ gzmba tcoyamam tamba{ {cmbbc, tjkambham gzmba hwjkc{ eamsa

kaya{ kc{jm{zham kcgarae gzmba tcoyamam hawjma h`mkctc wcll kckzmca ztaea samb

oatce ljoae- [jm{z tana yjmkaya{am gamh ojmnakc mjba{cf hawjma zamb samb eawzt

kchjlzawham tjgabac gzmba tcoyamam hjyaka matagae yjmscoyamam kama ljgce

gjtaw kawcyaka yjmbeatclam gjwzya hwjkc{ kawc kjgc{zw- Gamh aham tjoahcm ojwzbc

ncha ojoclchc gamsah hwjkc{ samb tjozla {ckah gjwoatalae gjwzgae ojmnakc hwjkc{

samb gjwoatalae samb {ckah ojmbeatclham gzmba %m`mfjwf`wocmb làmt#-

Fjmòjma cmc {ckah ojmbbaogawham gaera gzmba {ckah ojogjwcham

hjtjcogambam y`tctc am{awa yjlahz, sac{z “matagae yjmscoyam gzmba, gamh kam

kjgc{zw- Gaeham gamh tjgabac ljogaba cm{jwojkcaws nzt{wz gjwaka yaka yceah samb

kcwzbcham‟

Kclcea{ kawc atyjh t`tcalmsa, yjmjwayam oj{`kj gzmba {jwgzh{c

ojmcogzlham ahcga{ samb hzwamb gach, hawjma gzmba ojmcmbha{ham

hjdjmkjwzmbam kchzatcamsa hjhasaam `lje tjb`l`mba hjdcl `wamb tana,

ojmbeclambham hjyjkzlcam {jweakay tjtaoa,akamsa hj{ckahakclam hawjma wctch`

kc{ambbzmb `lje ta{z yceah tana

Hjgjwakaam gzmba a{at o`kal ojmsjgagham {jwnakcmsa yjmzoyzham

hjhasaam yaka b`l`mbam samb lacm- Eal cmc ojlaecwham hjtjmnambam kct{wcgztc

yjmkaya{am samb tjoahcm laoa tjoahcm ljgaw- Cmt{wzojm gzmba ojmnakc fah{`w

z{aoa samb ojmsjgaghag {jwnakcmsa yjwgzkaham jh`mòc `lje b`l`mbam hasa

{jweakay b`l`mbam octhcm



17

Gzmba samb kc aogcl `lje hwjkc{zw kalao tza{z ezgzmbam ycmnaoam

ojocmnao, {ckah ojoclchc yjmsjcogamb zm{zh kjgc{zw, hjdzalc

rah{zhjtjoya{am- Hj{ckahakclam {jwnakcmsa hawjma kjgc{zw kcrancgham zm{zh

tjlalz, eawzt kam yat{c ojoyjw`lje laga kalao nambha yamnamb rah{z

yjocmnaoam- Yakaeal zamb {ckah aham yw`kzh{cf kjmbam tjmkcwcmsa eamsa kjmbam

fah{`w rah{z {amya aka kjgc{zw samb ojmbztaeahammsa

Gzmba ckjm{ch kjmbam ywcmtcy samb kc bzmaham `lje yjwgamham

h`mvjmtc`mal- yjmjwayammsa kceawayham kaya{ ojmk`w`mb cmvjt{atc samb yaka

ahecwmsa kaya{ ojoyjwdjya{ lanz yjw{zogzeam yjwjh`mòcam- Maozm, yaka

hjmsa{aammsa yjwgamham samb kckatawham yaka oj{`kj gzmba oalae ojogjwcham

kayah mjba{cf gjwzya hj{ckah tj{agclam yjwjh`mòcam, h`mtjm{watc hjhasaam yaka

tjbjlcm{cw b`l`mbam, ojmzoyzhmsa ez{amb mjbawa, jh`mòc gcasa {cmbbc kam

oadj{msa w`ka yjwjh`mòcam matc`mal-

YJWAMAM TCT[JO GABC EATCL KALAO YJOGAMBZMAM

Yjwgjkaam y`h`h am{awa yjwgamham tsawcae kjmbam yjwgamham

h`mvjmtc`mal-

[agjl 1- Yjwgjkaam am{awa gzmba kam gabc eatcl

Gzmba Gabc eatcl

Yjmjm{zam gzmba kcgza{ yaka rah{z ahak

kjmbam atzotc ztaea aham tjlalz ojmbeatclham

hjzm{zmbam

Yjmjm{zam gjtawmsa watc`mctgae gabc eatcl

kctjyaha{c yaka rah{z ahak kjmbam

gjwyjkòam yaka hjozmbhcmam zm{zmb wzbc

Gjtawmsa yjwtjm{atj kctatawham yaka nzolae

kamao`kal samb kcycmnaoham

Gjtawmsa watc` gabc eatcl kckatawham yaka

nzolae hjzm{zmbam samb kcyjw`lje

Gzmba kaya{ ojmbaogambvawcaglj kam

gjtawmsa mach {zwzm tjtzac kjmbam mach {zwzmsa

gzmba ya{`ham a{az h`mkctc jh`mòc

Watc` gabc eatcl {j{ay {ckah gjwzgae tjlaoa

ahak oatce gjwlahz, hjdzalc kczgae a{at

hjtjyaha{am gjwtaoa

Yjogasawam gzmba {j{ay tjyjw{c kcnamncham,

{amya yjw{cogambam ayahae ztaea samb

kcnalamham yjocmnao zm{zmb a{az wzbc

Gabc eatcl {jwbam{zmb yaka hjzm{zmbam ztaea

samb kcnalamham, gcla ztaea ojwzbc, hjwzbcam

aham kc{ambbzmb gjwtaoa



14

Nzolae yjogasawam gzmba {ckah ojmcmbha{

tjhalcyzm hjzm{zmbam mach gjwlcya{ bamka

Nzolae yjogasawam laga ojmcmbha{ tjtzac

kjmbam yjmcmbha{am hjzm{zmbam

Jhtct{jmtc gzmba kcwabzham%halaz {ckah

kchjdao# `lje abaoa

[ckah aka samb ojwabzham hjagtaeam gabc

ieatcl

Tzogjw> Am{`mc`, 7991> kc`lae hjogalc

Gamh tsawcae ojlahzham tct{jo gabc eatcl %yw`fc{ amk l`tt teawcmb# a{az

cmvjt{atc kjmbam ywcmtcy oztsawahae a{az ozkeawagae- Maozm ayagcla {ckah

cmbcm ojmbaogcl wctch` hawjma gjwoztsawahae a{az gjwozkeawagae- Oaha gcta

ojlahzham q`wk , sac{z ojocmnaoham {amya aka cogalam ayayzm- Tjdawa ochw`

q`wk {ckah ojogjwcham oamfaa{ lambtzmb gabc gamh samb ojocmnaoham- [j{ayc

gabc yjwjh`mòcam matc`mal tjdawa hjtjlzwzeam q`wk ojogjwcham oamfaa{ {ckah

lambtzmb- Eal cmc kchawjmaham yjogjwcam q`wk ojogza{ yjwdjya{am yjwyz{awam

zamb- Tjecmbba yjmkaya{am matc`mal aham ojmcmbha{, tjcwcmb kjmbam yjmcmbha{am

yjmkaya{am matc`mal, oaha tjdawa {ckah lambtzmb gamh aham ojmcmbha{ yzla

yjmkaya{msa ahcga{ ojmcmbha{msa yjoamfaa{am tjh{`w yw`tzhtc-

Kalao tct{jo gamh tsawcae, {cmbha{ tzhz gzmba {ckah kc bzmaham tjgabac

hjgcnaham kalao gjwcmvjt{atc, {j{ayc ojlalzc ojhamctoj {cmbha{ hjzm{zmbam

ah{zal- Ojlalzc hjzm{zmbam ah{zal cmc aham ojmnaocm {jwdcy{amsa tza{z {a{amam

jh`mòc samb akcl kam ojwa{a, hawjma hjzm{zmbam aham kcgabceatclham tjtzac

kjmbam wjalctatc mctgae kawc hjzm{zmbam samb tjgjmawmsa- Cm{c ojhamctoj

cmvjt{atc gabc eatcl yaka katawmsa {jwlj{ah yaka hjwnataoa samb gach am{awa

yjoclch kama kjmbam yjmbbzma kama, ojlalzc hjwna taoa jh`mòc aham {jwgambzm

hjgjwtaoaam, tjecmbba {jwdcy{a {a{amam jh`mòc akcl kam ojwa{a-

Ralazyzm {cmbha{ watc` gabc eatcl nzba kc {j{ayham ljgce kaezlz- Yjwgjkaam

ojmkataw kjmbam tct{jo gzmba akalae {cmbha{ yjmkaya{am ah{zal samb gjwflzh{zatc

kctjtzacham kjmbam {cmbha{ yjmkaya{am samb kc yjw`lje- Akayzm ojhamctoj

gzmba {jlae ojmj{ayham tza{z y`wtc yjogasawam {jw{jm{z, gjwayayzm flzh{zatc kam



1;

ayayzm yjmsjgag {jwnakcmsa- Mctgae gabc eatcl samb kclahzham akalae gjwkatawham

yaka yjmkaya{am wcll samb kc yjw`lje- Kjmbam kjochcam {cmbha{ hjzm{zmbam samb

kceawayham aham ojogam{z ojmzmnzhham tc{zatc yataw samb ljgce tjoyzwma

kalao ojmbal`hatcham tzogjw kama- Akamsa yjogabcam wjtch` am{awa yjoclch

o`kal, gamh kam yjmbztaea ojmzmnzhham gaera tct{jo gabc eatcl ojmj{ayham

h`mtjy hjakclam tjtzac kjmbam yjwam oatcmb/oatcmb

Tjojm{awa c{z, kjmbam tct{jo ~aha{, tct{jo gabc eatcl, kam yjlawambam

tyjhzlatc kalao tsawcae aham ojmk`w`mb chlco cmvjt{atc samb aham {jwtalzwham

kjmbam lamdaw hj tjh{`w wcll zm{zh {znzam samb tjyjmzemsa yw`kzh{cf- Eal cmc aham

ojmnaocm {jwj{wcgztcmsa hjhasaam kam yjmkaya{am tjw{a ojmzogzeham tjh{`w wcll

kjmbam ojmcmbha{ham yw`kzh{cvc{at kam hjtjoya{am hjwna kam gjwztaea, yaka

ahecwmsa yjw{zogzeam jh`mòc aham {jwk`w`mb kam yaka ahecwmsa aham {jwdayac

hjtjnae{jwaam oatsawaha{ %Atdawsa, 7992> 75#-

baogaw-6 Coylchatc Gabc Eatcl Yaka Yjwjh`mòcam

Tzogjw> Tah{c,7992

GAMH TSAWCAE KC CMK@MJTCA

Gamh Ozaoala{ Cmk`mjtca, samb kctcmbha{ kjmbam GOC ojwzyaham gamh

kjmbam tct{jo {amya gzmba a{az gabc eatcl yjw{aoa kc Cmk`mjtca- Yaka taa{

Cmvjt{atc gabc eatcl

Kct{wcgztc hjhasam

kam yjmkaya{am

Ojmzogzeham

Tjh{`w Wcll

Yw`kzh{cvc{at kam

hjtjoya{am

Ojmk`w`mb lanz

jh`mòc



1:

yjw{aoa kckcwcham {jwhzoyzl hòc{ojm yjogjlcam taeao tjgjtaw Wy 5; Ocllcaw

kam yaka {ambbal 4 M`yjogjw 1331 kalao adawa tcla{zwwaeoc ywjtckjm kc Ct{ama

G`b`w, kaya{ kcyjmzec kjmbam {`{al hòc{ojm o`kal kctj{`w aral tjgjtaw Wy

196-176-457-999- Kjmbam o`kal aral {jwtjgz{, yaka {ambbal 91 Ojc 1337, GOC

ozlac gjw`yjwatc, maozm oatce ojmbbzmaham ZZ M`- 2 {aezm 1337-

Yjwgamham Ctlao kc Cmk`mjtca kc {aezm 1335 ozlac ojmbbjlca{ hj{cha

{jwnakc hwctct yjwjh`mòcam kc Atca, samb ojmk`w`mb yjwgamham taa{ c{z

gjw`yjwatc kjmbam mjba{cf tywjak , sac{z gzmba samb kcgasaw hjyaka matagae

ljgce {cmbbc kawcyaka gzmba hwjkc{ samb kc{jwcoa `lje gamh-

Tjgamsah 17 Gamh/gamh gjtaw {jwyzwzh yjwcmbha{msa, tjkambham gamh/

gamh samb {ckah gamsah ojlahzham {wamtahtc valat oalae ojmkzkzhc yjwcmbha{

a{at- Yzglchatc kawc Cmf`gamh yjw Kjtjogjw 1335 kaya{ ojogjwcham baogawam

hjakaam yjwgamham Cmk`mjtca taoyac kjmbam Nzmc 1335 Kawc tjnzolae 795 gamh

samb aka, eamsa ;2 gamh ojoclhc Dayc{al Akjqzds Wa{c` kc a{at 79 * yjw Nzmc

1335- GOC tjgabac ta{z/ta{zmsa gamh samb gjw`yjwatc gjwkatawham ywcmtcy/ywcmtcy

tsawcae samb gawz tjzozw nabzmb gjwaka yaka yjwcmbha{ hj/;4-

YJWGAMHAM TSAWCAE YATHA HWCTCT

Tct{jo tsawcae ojwzyaham tct{jo samb {aeam aham hwctct o`mj{jw {jwgzh{c

taa{ Hwctct jh`mòc kam o`mj{jw samb {jwnakc kc Cmk`mjtca yaka hzwzm rah{z 1332

— 1335 ojwzyaham tza{z yzhzlam samb tamba{ gjwa{ gabc tct{jo yjwjh`mòcam

Cmk`mjtca- Kalao yjwc`kj {jwtjgz{, gamsah ljogaba/ljogaba hjzambam, {jwoatzh

yjwgamham, ojmbalaoc hjtzlc{am hjzambam- [cmbbcmsa {cmbha{ tzhz gzmba {jlae

ojmbahcga{ham {cmbbcmsa gcasa o`kal gabc tjh{`w ztaea samb yaka ahecwmsa



16

ojmbahcga{ham ojw`t`{msa hjoaoyzam ztaea tjh{`w yw`kzhtc- Tjgabac ahcga{msa

hzalc{at atj{ yjwgamham {zwzm tjdawa kwat{ct tjojm{awa tct{jo yjwgamham

kcrancgham zm{zh {jwzt ojogjwcham cogalam hjyaka kjy`tc{`w tjtzac kjmbam

{cmbha{ tzhz gzmba yataw- Wjmkaemsa hjoaoyzam kasa tacmb ztaea yaka tjh{`w

yw`kzhtc {jlae yzla ojmsjgagham gjwhzwambmsa yjwam tct{jo yjwgamham tjdawa

zozo zm{zh ojmnalamham fzmbtcmsa tjgabac cm{jwojkca{`w hjbca{am cmvjt{atc-

Tjlaoa yjwc`kj hwctct jh`mòc {jwtjgz{, gamh tsawcae oatce kaya{

ojmzmnzhham hcmjwna samb wjla{cf ljgce gach kcgamkcmbham kjmbam ljogaba

yjwgamham h`mvjmtc`mal- Eal cmc kaya{ kclcea{ kawc wjla{cf ljgce wjmkaemsa

yjmsalzwam yjogcasaam samb gjwoatalae %m`m yjwf`wocmb làmt# yaka gamh

tsawcae kam {ckah {jwnakcmsa mjba{cvj tywjak kalao hjbca{am `yjwatc`malmsa Eal

{jwtjgz{ kaya{ kcyaeaoc ojmbcmba{ {cmbha{ yjmbjogalcam yaka gamh tsawcae {ckah

ojmbadz yaka {cmbha{ tzhz gzmba kam yaka ahecwmsa kaya{ ojmsjkcaham kama

cmvjt{atc kjmbam gcasa o`kal samb wjla{cf ljgce wjmkae hjyaka oatsawaha{

Baogaw 2- @yjwatc Gamh Tsawcae

Tzogjw > Atdawsa,7992

Gabc eatcl

g`mzt

Kjy`tc{`w

cmvjt{`w

Bcw` kam{agzmbam

Kjy`tc{`

cmvjt{atc

Y`ll kama

[wakj

fcmamdcmb

Fjj gatjk

Cmvjt{ojm{

fcmamdcmb

Hwjkc{`w

yjmbztaea

@yjwatc Gamh tsawcae

yjmkamaam yjogcasaam

Gabc eatcl

Oawbcm oawh zy



12

Gamh tsawcae ojlahzham hjbca{am yjmbzoyzlam kama kawc matagae ojlalzc

kjy`tc{` cmvjt{atc oazyzm {c{cyam bcw` kam {agzmbam- Kama {jwhzoyzl hjozkcam

kccmvjt{atcham yaka kzmca ztaea ojlalzc cmvjt{atc tjmkcwc %m`m gabc eatcl / {wakj

fcmamdcmb# kam cmvjt{atc kjmbam yceah lacm %gabc eatc cmvjt{ojm fcmamdcmb# hj{cha

aka hjzm{zmbam, oaha gabcam hjzm{zmbam zm{zh gamh kcgabcham hjogalc am{awa

gamh kam matagae yjmkamaam- Kctaoycmb c{z gamh nzba ojogjwcham nata

yjwgamham yaka matagae-

Kawc tctc atj{, tct{jo yjwgamham tsawcae {jlae ojmbalaoc yjw{zogzeam

samb dzhzy yjta{ sac{z tjgjtaw 2;* yjw{aezm tjlaoa hzwzm rah{z 1335 taoyac

7991 %mòcmal kawc Wy- ;23 oclsaw yaka {aezm 1335 ojmnakc Wy- 7-215 oclsaw

yaka {aezm 7991#- Kama Yceah Hj{cba {jlae ojmcmbha{ kawc Wy- 437 oclsaw

ojmnakc Wy- 1-596 oclsaw- Tct{jo yjwgamham tsawcae {jlae yzla ojmbalaoc

yjw{zogzeam kalao eal hjljogabaam- Nzolae gamh zozo tsawcae {jlae

ojmcmbha{ kawc eamsa ta{z gamh zozo tsawcae kam 25 GYWT yaka {aezm 1335

ojmnakc 7 gamh zozo tsawcae, 4 Zmc{ Ztaea Tsawcae %ZZT# kam 51 GYWT yaka

ahecw {aezm 7991- Nzolae ham{`w dagamb kawc gamh zozo tsawcae kam ZZT kawc 76

{jlae ojmcmbha{ ojmnakc :1 ham{`w-

YJWHJOGAMBAM GAMH GAMH TSAWCAE KC CMK@MJTCA {aezm 7919

Tjyamnamb {aezm 7919 Tjdawa zozo jfjh{cvc{at fzmbtc cm{jwojkcatc

yjwgamham tsawcae {j{ay {jwnaba tjcwcmb yjw{zogzeam kama samb kcecoyzm oazyzm

yjogcasaam samb wjla{cf {cmbbc kcgamkcmbham yjwgamham matc`mal, tjw{a

yjmsjkcaam ahtjt nawcmbam samb ojmcmbha{ kam ojmnambhaz hjgz{zeam

oatsawaha{ tjdawa ljgce lzat tjecmbba oatce ojoclchc fzmkaojm{al samb dzhzy

hza{ zm{zh ojoamfaa{ham y`{jmtc ojogachmsa yjwjh`mòcam matc`mal-



15

H`mkztcfmsa tc{zatc yjwjh`mòcam matc`mal ojmk`w`mb yjwgamham tsawcae

zm{zh ojlahzham jhtyamtc ztaeamsa gach kalao gjm{zh yjmbecoyzmam kama

oatsawaha{ oazyzm yjmsalzwam yjogcasaam- Taoyac kjmbam {wcrzlam CCC 7919,

yjw{zogzeam YSK yjwgamham tsawcae ojmdayac 4;,5:*- Kawc tctc yjmbecoyzmam

kama, yjw{zogzeam KYH yjwgamham tsawcae nzba ojmbalaoc yjmcmbha{am ojmnakc

tjgjtaw 43,16*- Yjmcmbha{am KYH samb {ckah kccogambc yjmsalzwam YSK

gjwkaoyah yaka yjmzwzmam yw`fc{agclc{at gamh tsawcae- Ojthc gjbc{z, jfjh{cvc{at

cm{jwojkcatc gamh tsawcae oatce {j{ay {jwnaba kjmbam fcmamdcmb {` kjy`tc{ wa{c ̀

ojmdayac 3:*- Kawc tctc nambhazam yjlasamam, yjwgamham tsawcae kalao yjwc`kj

lay`wam tjdawa bj`bwafct {jlae ojmnambhaz oatsawaha{ kc ljgce kawc 194

hagzya{jmh`{a kam 44 yw`ycmtc kc Cmk`mjtca- Yjmbjogambam hayatc{at lasamam

{jwtjgz{ {jlae ojmcmbha{ham yaw{ctcyatc oatsawaha{ samb ojmnakc yjmbbzma nata

yjwgamham tjgabacoama kccmkchatcham `lje yjmcmbha{am nzolae wjhjmcmb matagae

yjmkamaam samb ecmbba Tjy{jogjw 7919 {jlae ojmdayac :,26 nz{a wjhjmcmb-

Taoyac kjmbam {wcrzlam CCC 7919 nzolae gamh samb ojlahzham hjbca{am

ztaea tsawcae ojmcmbha{ tjcwcmb kjmbam ozmdzlmsa yjoacm/yjoacm gawz gach

kalao gjm{zh Gamh Zozo Tsawcae %GZT# oazyzm Gamh Yjogcasaam Wahsa{

Tsawcae %GYWT#- Zmc{ Ztaea Tsawcaemsa %ZZT# tjecmbba nzolae ZZT kc {aezm

7919 cmc gjwhzwamb ojmnakc 74 ZZT-



13

Bwafch 7- yjwhjogambam Attj{, KYH, YSK {aezm 7919

Tzogjw> `z{l``h yjwgamham tsawcae 7911

YJWHJOGAMBAM GAMH GAMH TSAWCAE KC CMK@MJTCA {aezm 7911

Bwafch 4- yjwhjogambam Attj{, KYH, YSK {aezm 7911

Tzogjw> Kcwjh{`wa{ Yjwgamham Tsawcae Tjy{jogjw 7911

[aglj 7- yjwhjogambam ham{`w gamh tsawcae

Tzogjw> Kcwjh{`wa{ Yjwgamham Tsawcae Tjy{jogjw 7911



79

HJTCOYZLAM

Ojthcyzm h`ta ha{a fchce Ctlao {ckah ojmbjmal ha{a “Gamh‟, maozm

tjtzmbbzemsa gzh{c/gzh{c tjnawae ojmsa{aham gaera fzmbtc/fzmbtc yjwgamham

o`kjwm {jlae kcywah{jhham `lje zoa{ oztlco, gaeham tjnah ~aoam magc

Ozeaooak tar- Tjecmbba ywcmtcy gabc eatcl samb kclahtamaham `lje yjwgamham

tsawcae tzkae kchjmal tjnah kzlz, tjkambham tct{jo gzmba akalae tct{jo samb

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jh`mòc tza{z Mjbawa-

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hjtjmnambam am{awa samb octhcm kam samb hasa-

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71

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O`kjwm-Nahaw{a > Yawakcboa Kam Aqta Yzglctecmb

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