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Linda Chamberlain, PhD MPH

IPV and Sexually Transmitted Infections/HIV

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Overview

Regional and Local Data

The Impact of IPV on Women’s Health

IPV and Behavioral Health

IPV and Perinatal Programs

IPV, Breastfeeding, and Nutritional Supplement Programs

IPV and Child and Adolescent Health

ACE Study: Leading Determinants of Health

IPV and Injury Prevention

Medical Cost Burden and Health Care Utilization for IPV

SELECT FROM THE TOPICS BELOW

IPV and Family Planning, Birth Control Sabotage Pregnancy Pressure, and Unintended Pregnancy

Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) and Injury Prevention

DISCOVERING THE CONNECTIONS

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INJURY PREVENTION-unintentional injury

FAMILY VIOLENCE-intentional injury

NEUROSCIENCE- traumatic brain

development- unhealthy coping

behaviors- adolescent risk

behaviors

IPV & INJURY PREVENTION

IPV is a leading cause:• Injuries to women • Female homicides • Female suicide attempts

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Abbott et al, 1995; Coker et al, 2002; Frye et al, 2001; Goldberg et al, 1984; Golding et al, 1999; McLeer et al, 1989; Stark et al, 1979; Stark & Flitcraft, 1995

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IPV annual death and injury toll for women:

CDC, 2003

~1300 deaths 2 million injuries

CO-OCCURRING HOMICIDE & SUICIDE

• Over half (58%) of the victims in homicide/suicide incidents are a current or former intimate partner of the perpetrator

• A substantial proportion (13.7%) of the victims were children of the perpetrator

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Bossarte et al, 2006

PATTERNS OF INJURIES ASSOCIATED WITH IPV:

• Injuries to the head, neck, and face• Strangulation• Bites• Burns and scalding• Knife wounds• Injuries from physical restraints

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Chirsler & Ferguson, 2006; Grisso et al, 1999; Hawley et al, 2001; Lee et al, 2007; Marchbanks et al, 1990; Smith et al, 2001

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Among women reporting injuries resulting from their most recent physical IPV assault:• 8.5% brain or spinal cord injuries• 11.2% broken bones, burns, or chipped or

knocked out teeth• 6.7% lacerations, knife wounds, or cuts• 73.7% scratches, bruises, welts, swelling,

sore muscles, or sprainsArias & Corso, 2005

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Chrisler & Ferguson, 2006

More than

of IPV victims are strangled at least once

{ the average is 5.3 times per victim }

two-thirds

IPV & HEAD INJURIES

Among women who visit the ER after IPV:• 67% have symptoms of a head

injury• 30% have suffered loss of

consciousness at least once

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Chrisler & Ferguson, 2006

IPV IN THE PEDIATRIC EMERGENCY CARE SETTING

26% of parents who brought non-emergent children

to the pediatric ED disclosed current IPV

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Rhodes et al, 2007

IPV IS ASSOCIATED WITH UNSAFE HOME ENVIRONMENTS

Children exposed to IPV were more likely to live in a home with:

–Gun ownership– No smoke detectors– Unsecured poisons– Inconsistent seatbelt

use

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Rhodes et al, 2007

DATING VIOLENCE

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Ackard et al, 2003

High school students disclosing physical and/or sexual violence from dating partners:

17% females

9% males

DATING VIOLENCE AND INJURY-RELATED RISK BEHAVIORS

Male and female victims of physical dating violence are more likely to:– Have their first drink at less than 15

y.o.– Ride with a drinking driver– Threaten or hurt someone with a

weapon14

Champion et al, 2008

IMPLICATIONS FOR INJURY PREVENTION

• Many injury prevention programs do not address IPV as the leading cause of injuries for women• Data on IPV as a cause or contributing factor may be overlooked• First responders may be the only service providers to observe the scene and interpersonal dynamics of an IPV incident

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STRATEGIES FOR INJURY PREVENTION

• Work with trauma registries and other injury data sources to capture information on IPV• Integrate information on IPV and violence prevention into childhood injury prevention initiatives

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INJURY PREVENTION: SYSTEM LEVEL RESPONSE

MORE

Partner with an advocacy

organization

Educational materials,

ongoing training

Reimbursement strategies

Integrate into standardized

forms

Establish policies and

protocols

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INJURY PREVENTION: SYSTEM LEVEL RESPONSE

Sponsor conferences,

education campaigns

Promote cross-training

Facilitate research

Quality assurance & compliance measures

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PROMISING PRACTICES:ASSESSMENT

• Questionnaire completed by mothers• Wide range of questions on child safety including 4 questions on IPV

• Odds of detecting current IPV increased by 3.6X

Wahl et al, 2004

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PROMISING PRACTICES:IOWA DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC HEALTH

• Staff position to provide training and technical assistance on IPV to public health staff• Mandates local health boards to include IPV in their needs assessment and planning• Added questions on abuse to the BRFSS• Members of the Iowa Domestic Abuse Death Review Team• Sponsors train-the-trainer initiative with public health clinics

DEFINING SUCCESS

Safe environment for disclosure Supportive messages Educate about the health effects of

IPV Offer strategies to promote safety Inform about community resources Create a system-wide response

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DEFINING SUCCESS

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Family Violence Prevention Fund“ Success is measured by our

efforts to reduce isolation and to improve options for safety.

“