MENTAL AND EMOTIONAL HEALTH Communication COMMUNICATION SKILLS I-message: expresses your feelings or thoughts on a subject. You-message is a statement.

MENTAL AND EMOTIONAL HEALTH

Communication

COMMUNICATION SKILLS

I-message: expresses your feelings or thoughts on a subject.

You-message is a statement that blames or shames another person.

LISTENING SKILLSActive listening is the way you respond

in conversation to show that you hear and understand what the speaker is saying.

Active listening includes clarifying, restating, summarizing, or affirming what was said.

ENVIRONMENT

• Positive Social-Emotional exists when you receive plenty of social-emotional boosters.

• Negative Social-Emotional Environment exists when you experience too many social-emotional pollutants.

• Resiliency: Able to bounce back

The traits that describe you.

WHAT TO KNOW ABOUT GOOD CHARACTER….

– Self-control is the degree to which a person regulates his or her own behavior.

– A person has good character when they use self-control to act on responsible values.

– Delayed gratification is voluntarily postponing an immediate reward in order to complete a task before enjoying a reward.

• Compassion You demonstrate compassion when you are sensitive to the needs, wants, and emotions of others, and you are forgiving.• Good citizenship You demonstrate good citizenship by obeying laws and rules, showing respect for authority, and protecting the

environment.• Fairness You are fair when you abide by the rules and are a good sport, and do not take advantage of others.• Respect You show respect when you treat others as you want to be treated and refrain from violence.

WHAT TO KNOW ABOUT GOOD CHARACTER

• Responsibility You show responsibility when you

do what you promise and are accountable for your decisions.

WHAT TO KNOW ABOUT GOOD CHARACTER..

• Trustworthiness You are trustworthy when you are dependable, loyal, and honest.

• Honesty You are honest when you refuse to lie, steal, or mislead anyone.

WHAT DETERMINES YOUR PERSONALITY?

Personality is determined by……

Heredity Your heredity helps determine your intellectual abilities, temperament, and talents.

Environment  Where you live and the people with whom you have contact influence your personality and the opportunities you have.

Attitudes  is the feeling or emotion a person has toward something or someone.

Behaviors  Your behavior is what you do.

TYPE A….• The Type A personality generally

lives at a higher stress level. • They enjoy achievement of goals.• They feel the pressure of time• They are highly competitive and will,

if necessary create competition. • They hate failure and will work hard

to avoid it. • They are generally pretty fit and

often well-educated (a result of their anxiety).

TYPE B…..• The Type B personality generally

lives at a lower stress level.• They work steadily, enjoying

achievements but not becoming stressed

• When faced with competition, they do not mind losing.

• They may be creative and enjoy exploring ideas and concepts.

• They are often reflective, thinking about the outer and inner worlds.

HOW YOU FOCUS YOUR ENERGY

Extroverted: You are energized by people and things.

Introverted: You are energized by ideas and images.

A mental disorder is a behavioral or psychological syndrome or pattern that occurs in an individual and that is associated with distress or disability or with significantly increased risk of suffering, death, pain, disability, or an important loss of freedom.

Codependency – Tries to fix the problem, an enabler

Enabler – Supports harmful behavior

Biological influences include genetics, physical injuries, and illnesses that affect the brain.

Psychological influences include stress, traumatic experiences, and poor coping skills.

A GUIDE TO MENTAL DISORDERS

Anxiety disorders a disorder in which real or imagined threats prevent a person from enjoying life.

– General anxiety disorder (GAD) is a chronic or long-lasting state of anxiety, fear, and tenseness.

– Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a disorder in which a person has persistent, unwelcome thoughts or images, called obsessions, and engages in certain rituals, called compulsions, to try to prevent them

Panic disorder is a disorder in which feelings of terror strike suddenly and repeatedly with no warning.

– Social anxiety disorder, or social phobia, is a disorder in which a person is overly anxious and self-conscious in everyday social situations.

– Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a disorder in which after-effects of a terrifying event keep a person from living in a normal way.

Schizophrenia A disorder in which there is a breakdown in logical thought processes

Somatoform disorders  A disorder in which a person has symptoms of disease but no physical cause

Hypochondria is a disorder in which a person is constantly worried about illness.

Personality disorders A disorder in which a person’s patterns of thinking, feeling, and acting interfere with daily living

Antisocial personality disorder is a disorder in which a person’s patterns of behavior are in conflict with society.

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a disorder in which a person has sudden changes in mood, relationships, and behaviors.

Mood disorders– Bipolar disorder is a disorder in

which a person’s moods vary from extreme happiness to extreme depression.

– Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is a type of depression that occurs when a person has reduced exposure to sunlight.

Cognitive disorder A disorder in which a person’s brain deteriorates in function

Dementia is a disease in which brain deterioration affects memory, language, and reasoning.

DECISIONS! HOW YOU MAKE THEM..

Thinking: You base your decisions on objective principles and facts.

Feeling: You trust your “gut” and weigh decisions against people issues and concerns.

HOW YOU GET WORK DONE

Judging: Your approach to doing things is structured and organized.

Perceiving: Your approach to doing things is flexible . You adapt as you do things and prefer open-ended deadlines.

An individual can achieve a goal by learning how to make informed decisions.

You can analyze your decision-making style and change it if necessary.

Inactive Decision-Making Style  • A person who has an inactive

decision-making style fails to make choices

• Teens who use this style have difficulty gaining the self-confidence that would result if they took responsibility for making decisions when they should

Reactive Decision-Making Style

• Reactive decision-making style is a habit in which a person allows others to make his or her decisions.

• Teens using this style are easily influenced by what others think and give control of the direction of their lives to others.

Proactive decision-making style • The proactive decision-making style when a person

describes the situation that requires a decision, identifies and evaluates possible decisions, makes a decision, and takes responsibility for the outcome.

• Teens who use this style are not driven by circumstances and conditions, have principles, and are empowered.

The Responsible Decision-Making Model is a series of steps to follow to assure that people make good decisions.

HOW TO USE THE RESPONSIBLE

DECISION-MAKING MODEL

Step 1: Describe the situation.

Step 2: List all possible decisions.

Step 3: Share the list of possible decisions with a parent, guardian, or other responsible adult. 

Step 4: Use six questions to evaluate the possible consequences of each decision.

• Will this decision result in actions that promote health?

• Will this decision result in actions that protect safety?

• Will this decision result in actions that follow laws?

Step 4: Continued………• Will this decision result in actions

that show respect for myself and others?

• Will this decision result in actions that follow the guidelines of my parents and of other responsible adults?

• Will this decision result in actions that demonstrate good character?

Step 5: Decide which decision is most responsible and appropriate.

Step 6: Act on your decision and evaluate the results. 

DrugsExerciseGamblingNicotinePerfectionismRelationshipShoppingTV / computerWorkThrills

ADDICTIONS - COMPELLING DESIRE TO ENGAGE IN A SITUATION

• Increase risk of illness

• Increase risk of cancer

• Increase risk of accidents

• Illegal acts• Large amount

of debt

• Harm relationships with family and friends

• Putting oneself in unsafe situations

EFFECTS OF HEALTH

DepressedLow self EsteemFeelings of TensionAnxietyBoredomLonelinessGenetic Vulnerability

CHARACTERISTICS OF ADDICTS

Anger is the feeling of being irritated or annoyed.

• An anger trigger is a thought or event that causes a person to become angry.

• An anger cue is a body change that occurs when a person is angry.

Hidden anger: Not recognized, expressed inappropriate waysHostility: Chronic state of angerProjection: Blaming others for actions

or eventsDisplacement: Release of anger on

someone or something that isn’t cause of anger.

SEROTONINChemical that is involved in controlling states of consciousness and mood.

Lowered brain serotonin levels increases aggressiveness

Stress: Response of the body to the demands of daily living. (physical & mental)

Stressor: Cause or source of stress

Eustress: Good stressDistress: Bad stress

MIND-BODY CONNECTION• The relationship between a

person’s thoughts, emotions, and bodily responses.

• Can trigger psychosomatic diseases

• Psychosomatic diseases - illness or disorder caused by an emotional response.

EMOTIONAL SIGNS OF STRESS

Aggressive BehaviorIrritabilityNervous LaughterTrouble SleepingEating

PHYSICAL SIGNS OF STRESS

Pounding HeartTremblingGrinding TeethDry MouthPerspirationAches in Back/Neck

GENERAL ADAPTATION SYNDROME G.A.S.

Alarm Stage: Body ready for quick action, adrenaline is secreted into bloodstream.

Resistance Stage: Body attempts to regain internal balance

Exhaustion Stage: Wear and tear on the body increase, risk injury, illness

TWO TYPES OF STRESSORS:

• External• Internal

EXTERNAL STRESSORSPhysical EnvironmentSocial InteractionOrganisationalMajor Life EventsDaily Hassles

PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT

NoiseBright LightsHeatConfined Spaces

SOCIAL INTERACTION

RudenessBossinessAggressiveness by OthersBullying

ORGANISATIONAL

RulesRegulations“Red - Tape”Deadlines

MAJOR LIFE EVENTS

BirthDeathLost jobPromotionMarital Status Change

DAILY HASSLES

Commuting to SchoolMisplaced HomeworkMechanical breakdowns

INTERNAL STRESSORS

Lifestyle ChoicesNegative Self - TalkMind TrapsPersonality Traits

LIFESTYLE CHOICES

CaffeineLack of SleepOverloaded ScheduleSportsPartying

NEGATIVE SELF TALK

Pessimistic ThinkingSelf CriticismOver Analysing

MIND TRAPS• Unrealistic Expectations• Taking Things Personally• All or Nothing Thinking• Exaggeration• Rigid Thinking

STUDENT STRESS RATING SCALEThe following are events that occur in the life of a college student. Place a check in the left-hand column for each of those events that has

happened to you during the last 12 months.

___ Death of a close family member - 100 points

____ Jail term - 80 points

____ Pregnancy (to you or caused by your) - 60 points

____ Severe personal illness or injury - 53 points

____ Marriage - 50 points

____ Any interpersonal problems - 45 points

____ Financial difficulties - 40 points

____ Death of a close friend - 40 points

____ Arguments with your roommate (more than every other day) - 40 points

____ Major disagreements with your family - 40 points’

____ Major change in personal habits - 30 points

____ Change in living environment - 30 points

____ Beginning or ending a job - 30 points

____Problems with your teacher-30

____ OUTSTANDING PERSONAL ACHIEVEMENT - 25 POINTS

____ FAILURE IN SOME COURSE - 25 POINTS

____ FINAL EXAMS - 20 POINTS

____ INCREASED OR DECREASED DATING - 20 POINTS

____ CHANGES IN WORKING CONDITIONS - 20 POINTS

____ CHANGE IN YOUR SLEEPING HABITS - 18 POINTS

____ SEVERAL-DAY VACATION - 15 POINTS

____ CHANGE IN EATING HABITS - 15 POINTS

____ FAMILY REUNION - 15 POINTS

____ CHANGE IN RECREATIONAL ACTIVITIES - 15 POINTS

____ MINOR ILLNESS OR INJURY - 15 POINTS

____ MINOR VIOLATIONS OF THE LAW - 11 POINTS

SCORE: _________________

INTERPRETING YOUR SCORE

Less than 150 points : relatively low stress level in relation to life events

150 - 300 points : borderline range Greater than 300 points : high stress in relation to life

events

• is different from normal sadness in that it engulfs your day-to-day life, interfering with your ability to work, study, eat, sleep, and have fun.

TYPES……

Minor depression is a mood disorder accompanied by feelings of hopelessness, sadness, or helplessness.

• Major depression is a mood disorder accompanied by long-lasting feelings of hopelessness, sadness, or helplessness.

SYMPTOMS USED TO DIAGNOSE DEPRESSIONThe American Psychiatric Association uses these symptoms to diagnose depression:

• deep sadness• apathy• fatigue• agitation• sleep disturbances• weight or appetite

changes

• lack of concentration• feelings of

worthlessness• morbid thoughts

WHAT CAUSES DEPRESSION

Inability to cope with a life crisis Changes in brain structureGenetic predisposition: the inheritance

of genes that increase the likelihood of developing a condition.

Low serotonin levelsTraumatic family eventsPhysical illness and disordersAlcohol and other drug use

COPING WITH DEPRESSIONTalk to SomeoneTreatmentAvoid Drugs/AlcoholStay SocialPractice Self-management

SkillsResiliency is the ability to adjust, recover, bounce

back, and learn from difficult times.

JORDAN BURNHAM STORY / DEPRESSION & SUICIDE

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bfj3Suuk4Tk&safe=active

SUICIDE

Suicide is the intentional taking of one’s own life.

– Parasuicide is a cry for help. – Some teens who make a suicide attempt and do not intend to die are not found in time, and their attempts end in death. – Without help, teens who have attempted suicide once might attempt suicide again.

Para-suicide: is a suicide attempt in which a person does not intend to die.

– If you know someone who has committed suicide, talk to your parents, a guardian, a school counselor, or another trusted adult.

Cluster suicides are a series of suicides occurring within a short period of time and involving people who are connected in some way.

SUICIDAL TENDENCIES

• Abuse of alcohol/drugs• Death of loved one• Feelings of alienation/rejection• Coping with body changes and

sexuality• Depression• Impulsive/Aggressive behavior• Mental disorder

•Direct statements•Indirect statements•Changed personality•Withdrawing•Appearance

•Giving away possessions•Change in schoolwork•Use alcohol/drugs•Preoccupied with death

SIGNS OF SUICIDE

SUICIDE PREVENTION STRATEGIES• Look for warning signs• Listen without giving advice• Take suicide threat seriously

• Ask if have a plan/ follow through

• Do not swear to secrecy• Get an adult involved• Stay with them until help arrives

80% OF ALL MODERN DISEASES HAVE THEIR ORIGINS IN STRESS.