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Menstruation is a normal periodicflow of blood from the uterus.
It is sometimes called the period. The periodic cycle is a succession
of changes going on in the femalebody that involves menstruation.
Each cycle starts at the beginning
of a menstrual period. Ordinarily each cycle takes about
28 days.
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Amenorrhea - absence of flow Oligomenorrhea- cyclic bleeding at
abnormally long intervals
Hypomenorrhea- reduced amount andduration of the monthly flow
Menorrhagia- profuse or prolonged bleedingwhich appears cyclically at intervals ofapproximately 28 days
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Polymenorrhea-normal orrefuse bleeding at regular
intervals of 21 days or less
Dysmennorhea- cases whereabdominal pain is experiencesjust before or during flow; It isalso is the so-called painfulmenstruation.
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1. Cessation of menstruation
2. Nausea, vomiting withgeneral malaise in themorning
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Changes in the breast,such as tenderness andcongestio
n
likefeeling withoutapparent increase insize, blue discoloration
of the skin, darkerareola and him waterysecretion
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Frequent duration Perversion of taste, unusual
craving for certain foods ornon-edible articles likechalk, clay etc.
Change in disposition,usually more irritable andtemperamental
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Gradual increase in sizeof abdomen
Palpable uterus Movement of fetus )
quickening during thefourth month )
Fetus heartbeat heard bymeans of stethoscope Clinical tests
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Morning sickness in the form
of nausea accompanied by
vomiting, general malaise,dizziness and headache is adisturbance of the digestivesystems.
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Beriberi is a deficiencydisease caused by eating
few varieties of foodswhich are non vitamincontaining, speciallyvitamin B (thiaminehydrochloride)
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Vaginal Bleeding duringconception is a serious indicationof premature termination of
pregnancy. Abortion is the expulsion of the fetus
during the first three months ofpregnancy
Miscarriage is the expulsion of thefetus during the next three months
Premature delivery is the expulsion ofthe fetus during the seventh & eight
moths
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Toxemia of Pregnancy is one of the most importantcomplications of pregnancy.
It may cause stillbirth or premature birth, or renderthe baby feeble and poorly developed after birth.
It is most prevalent during the late months of
pregnancy and apparently caused by poison whichaccumulates in the blood.
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Toxemia cause: high blood pressure
Headache blurred vision
Vomiting
presence of albumin in the urine
swelling due to water in the tissue andother symptoms.
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Convulsion ofpregnancy this isalso knownmedically aseclampsia.
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Constipation is boundto be prevalent due to
the pressure of the fetuson the alimentary tract,thus preventing theeasy and unmolesteddischarge of fecalmatter.
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Varicose veins areenlarged and nutty veinson the thighs and lowerof legs due to thepressure of the enlargedfetus whereby the return
flow of blood up isimpeded.
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Hemorrhoids or pill aredilated and distended
portion of the veins ofthe rectum whichappear in the latermonths of pregnancywhen the uterus isinterfering with properlocal blood circulation.
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Cramps are characterizedby painful contraction of
the muscles around theleg area which isgenerally felt at night orearly in the morning.
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Rhythmic contractions of theuterus which are regular andfrequent in intervals, say every
three or five minutes, usuallyaccompanied by pain at thelower portion of the abdomen
and across the back, and by thecontraction of abdominalmuscles.
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Thick mucoid vaginal discharge which lateris tinted or mixed with fresh blood
Rupture of the Bag of water as manifested byvaginal flow of thin watery fluid in quite agood amount