menghitung tahanan total dan propulsi kapal

Data KapalDATA KAPAL

A. Data Utama KapalTipe KapalContainer CarrierCm0.9877Panjang (Lpp)135mCb0.6716Lebar (B)22.6mCp0.6837Tinggi geladak (H)10.8mDiperoleh berdasarkan Speed Length Ratio menurut NSPSarat air (T)8.123mKecepatan dinas (Vs)16.4knotB. Perhitungan Awal1. MENENTUKAN Lwl4. MENENTUKAN AmLwl =(1 + 3%) LppAm =Cm x B x T = (1 + 3%) 135 =181.32176846 =139.05meter

2. MENENTUKAN Ldisplacement5. MENENTUKAN VdispLwl =139.05Vdisp =Cb x Lwl x B x TL disp =1/2*(Lpp+Lwl) =16894.112839002meter3 =137.025meter =449.55162feet 3. MENENTUKAN Speed Length Ratio6. MENENTUKAN Berat Displasmen ()Speed Length Ratio =Vs/Ldisp =x air laut =0.7734888623=17316.465659977ton

7. MENENTUKAN Luas Permukaan Basah (S)S =1.025*Lpp((CbxB)+(1.7*T))=4011.1121025m2

Data Kapal Lengkap

Length Between PerpendicularLpp135meter=442.9134feetLength on The WaterlineLwl139.05meter=456.200802feetLebarB22.6meter=74.146984feetSarat AirT8.123meter=26.65026332feetShip Service SpeedVs16.4Knots=8.4296m/sVolume Displacement16894.112839002m3Mass Displacement17316.465659977TonBlock CoefficientCb0.6716Midship CoefficientCm0.9877Prismatic CoefficientCp0.6837Tinggi GeladakH10.8Tahanan TotalRt125050.627740841N=125.0506277408KNTahanan Total ServiceRt service145058.728179375N=145.06KNBreak Horse PowerBHPmcr6960kW=9462.9503738953HPBreak Horse PowerBHPscr5916.00kW=8043.507817811HPShaft Horse PowerSHP5797.68kW=7882.6HPDelivery Horse PowerDHP5681.73kW=7724.9849082257HPEffective Horse PowerEHP3642.65kW=4952.6180093714HPThrust Horse PowerTHP4079.95kW=5547.18HPAdvance VelocityVa11.71288Knots=6.02042032m/sEngine Rotationn600rpm=10rpsWake Frictionw0.2858Thrust Deduction Factort0.200

Rute KapalSurabaya-Jakarta-SingaporeJarak antar pelabuhanSurabaya-Jakarta719.07km =388.2667386609Nautical MilesJakarta-Singapore941.09km =508.1479481641Nautical MilesTotal JarakSUB-JKT-SIN1660.16km =896.4146868251Nautical Miles

Tabel Konversi1 km =1.852Nautical Mile1 m =3.28084feet1 Knots =0.514m/s1 HP =0.7355kW1 kW =1.3596193066HP 1 m3 =1000LitersWaktu ke PelabuhanSurabaya-Jakarta22.8392199212Hour0.9516341634Jakarta-Singapore29.8910557744Hour1.2454606573Total TimeSUB-JKT-SIN52.7302756956Hour2.1970948206Vs =30.34656km/h

Metode Guldhammer dan HarvaldNamaAditya Adi PrabowoNRP.4213100107Tahanan Propulsi Kapal Kelas B/DPERHITUNGAN TAHANAN KAPAL

(METODE GULDHAMMER & HARVALD)A. Data Utama KapalTipe KapalCement CarrierCm0.979Panjang (Lpp)101mCb0.647Lebar (B)16.5mCp0.66Tinggi geladak (H)8.4mDiperoleh berdasarkan Speed Length Ratio menurut NSPSarat air (T)6.61mKecepatan dinas (Vs)15knotB. Perhitungan Awal1. MENENTUKAN Lwl4. MENENTUKAN AmLwl =(1 + 3%) LppAm =Cm x B x T = (1 + 3%) 135 =106.774635 =104.03meter

2. MENENTUKAN Ldisplacement5. MENENTUKAN VdispLwl =104.03Vdisp =Cb x Lwl x B x TL disp =1/2*(Lpp+Lwl) =7233.976613325meter3 =102.515meter =336.331212feet6. MENENTUKAN Berat Displasmen () =x air laut3. MENENTUKAN Speed Length Ratio=7414.8260286581tonSpeed Length Ratio =Vs/Ldisp =0.81791405837. MENENTUKAN Luas Permukaan Basah (S)

S =1.025*Lpp((CbxB)+(1.7*T))=2268.4915625m2

C. Menghitung Froude Number (Fn)Rumus :Fn =Sumber :(Edward V. Lewis. Principles of Naval Architecture. Hal 57)

Froud Number (Fn) berhubungan dengan kecepatan kapal. Jika Froud Numbernya (Fn) semakin tinggi maka Kapal dikatakan cepat dan begitu juga sebaliknya sebaliknya, kapal dikatakan lambat apabila memiliki Froud Number yang kecil

Vs (knot)Vs (m/s)Fn157.710.2413462611g =9.81m/s214.57.4530.2333013857Percepatan Gravitasi Standar13.56.9390.21721163512.56.4250.201121884211.55.9110.185032133510.55.3970.16894238279.54.8830.152852632

D. Mengitung Reynold Number (Rn)Rumus :Rn =Sumber :(Edwar V. Lewis. Principles of Naval Architecture. Hal 57)

Rn =7.71 x 104.03 / 0.8847x10^-6m2/sViskositas air laut dalam suhu 28 derajat =906602577.144795Vk = 0.8847x10^-6Vs (knot)Vs (m/s)Rn157.719.07E+08Sumber :14.57.4538.76E+08Edward V. Lewis. Principles of Naval Architecture, hal 5713.56.9398.16E+0812.56.4257.56E+0811.55.9116.95E+0810.55.3976.35E+089.54.8835.74E+08

E. Menghitung Koefisien Tahanan Gesek (Cf)Rumus : Cf =Sumber :Harvald, Tahanan dan Propulsi Kapal, hal 118

Vs (knot)RnCfRf159.07E+080.000934750564.60044017414.58.76E+080.000937830960.564457730913.58.16E+080.000944374252.865082169912.57.56E+080.000951498145.665185288511.56.95E+080.000959307738.96824863510.56.35E+080.000967938432.77808605649.55.74E+080.000977568827.0989091545

F. Menghitung Koefisien Tahanan Sisa (Cr)Perhitungan CrF1.Tentukan nilai dari =5.3789754857Fn = 0.241Fn = 0.201Kecepatan 15Kecepatan 15Kecepatan 12.5Kecepatan 12.5F2.Tentukan Cp, diperoleh dari NSP =Cp =0.66Grafik 5.0Grafik 5.5Grafik 5.0Grafik 5.5F3.Cr dapat ditentukan melalui diagram Guldhammer-Harvald hal 120- 1280.24080.07770.20190.05380.56050.55790.56050.557910CrDiagram yang digunakan adalah antara 5.0 dan 5.5 disebabkan karena nilai rasio panjang displasmen bernilai 5.3789754860.42961641390.42960.1392722710.27850.36021409460.72040.09643305250.19291.42960.27850.72040.19295.001.03Fn = 0.233Fn = 0.1855.370.912Kecepatan 14.5Kecepatan 14.5Kecepatan 11.5Kecepatan 11.55.500.87InterpolasiGrafik 5.0Grafik 5.5Grafik 5.0Grafik 5.5103 CR =0.9120.22830.07810.16710.0317CR1 =0.912 x 10-30.56050.55790.56050.5579CR1 =0.0009120.40731489740.40730.13998924540.28000.29812667260.59630.05682021870.11361.40730.28000.59630.1136Grafik Halvard 5.0Fn = 0.217Fn = 0.168Kecepatan 13.5Kecepatan 13.5Kecepatan 10.5Kecepatan 10.5Grafik 5.0Grafik 5.5Grafik 5.0Grafik 5.50.21060.0640.13650.02670.56050.55790.56050.55790.375735950.75150.11471589890.22940.24353256020.48710.04785803910.09570.75150.22940.48710.0957

Fn = 0.152Kecepatan 9.5Kecepatan 9.5Grafik 5.0Grafik 5.50.11630.02580.56050.55790.20749330950.41500.04624484670.09250.41500.0925Grafik Halvard 5.5VsVs (m/s)Fn10^3Cr Diagram 5.010^3Cr Diagram 5.510^3Cr Diagram 5.3789710^3Cr1Cr1157.710.24134626111.42960.27850.5571352660.5571352660.000557135314.57.4530.23330138571.40730.280.5528742380.5528742380.000552874213.56.9390.2172116350.75150.22940.3557795260.3557795260.000355779512.56.4250.20112188420.72040.19290.320586650.320586650.000320586611.55.9110.18503213350.59630.11360.2304423620.2304423620.000230442410.55.3970.16894238270.48710.09570.1904422840.1904422840.00019044239.54.8830.1528526320.4150.09250.170564350.170564350.0001705644

Menghitung Koreksi B/TB/T =2.4962178517Koreksi B/TCr2 =0.16*((B/T)-2.5)=-0.0006051437Menghitung Koreksi LCBLCB pada tugas Rencana Garis (Desain 1) adalahLCB =1 =4230.9692 =-6.08346=-0.012077863m (dibelakang midship)h =8.4mLCB Lppe=LCB/Lppe=-0.0120%Penentuan LCB normal dengan grafik LCB Standart yang ada di Buku TAHANAN DAN PROPULSI KAPAL hal. 130, gambar 5.5.15

%LCBstandar =0.0344%

LCB =LCB - LCBstandart=0.0464%Grafik untuk mencari LCB Standart

dimana faktor (d103Cr/dLCB) didapat dari diagram 5.5.16(HARVALD)

10^3 C_R/LCB" "

Cr3 =(d103Cr/dLCB) * LCB=0.0001550914Crtotal =(Cr1+Cr2+Cr3)*10^(-3)=0.0000004571Grafik untuk mencari faktor (d103Cr/dLCB)

Mencari LCB StandartVsVs (m/s)Fn LCBLCBstd(d103Cr/dLCB)10^3Cr3 Hasil Grafik LCB Standar Hasil Grafik LCB Standar Hasil Grafik LCB Standar Hasil Grafik LCB Standar 157.710.2413462611-0.3379%0.3259%0.16720.000564870814.57.4530.2333013857-0.2518%0.2399%11.9925%0.0003019831Kecepatan 15Kecepatan 14.5Kecepatan 13.5Kecepatan 12.513.56.9390.217211635-0.0880%0.0761%3.8032%0.00003347655.4013.97441.2604012.56.4250.2011218842-0.0120%0.0000%0.0000%016.570316.570316.570316.570311.55.9110.1850321335-0.0120%0.0000%0.0000%00.32594461170.97780.23985081740.71960.07606380090.228200.000010.55.3970.1689423827-0.0120%0.0000%0.0000%00.97780.71960.22820.00009.54.8830.152852632-0.0120%0.0000%0.0000%0Hasil Grafik LCB Standar Hasil Grafik LCB Standar Hasil Grafik LCB Standar VsVs (m/s)10^3xCr110^3xCr210^3xCr3Cr KoreksiCr Total157.710.557135266-0.00060514370.00056487080.55709499310.000557095Kecepatan 11.5Kecepatan 10.5Kecepatan 9.514.57.4530.552874238-0.00060514370.00030198310.55257107740.000552571100013.56.9390.355779526-0.00060514370.00003347650.35520785870.000355207916.570316.570316.570312.56.4250.32058665-0.000605143700.31998150630.000319981500.000000.000000.000011.55.9110.230442362-0.000605143700.22983721830.00022983720.00000.00000.000010.55.3970.190442284-0.000605143700.18983714030.00018983719.54.8830.17056435-0.000605143700.16995920630.0001699592Koreksi Anggota Badan KapalDalam hal ini adalah Bos baling-baling, sehingga untuk kapal penuh Cr dinaikan sebesar 3-5% (HARVALD hal. 132) dalam hal ini diambil 4%VsVs (m/s)CrCr koreksi157.710.0005570950.000579378814.57.4530.00055257110.000574673913.56.9390.00035520790.000369416212.56.4250.00031998150.000332780811.55.9110.00022983720.000239030710.55.3970.00018983710.00019743069.54.8830.00016995920.0001767576

G. Menghitung Koefisien Tahanan TambahanInterpolasi CaNoabL10^3xCa11000.42104.03Ca31500.2

Dengan interpolasi, maka diperoleh nilai Ca : 10^3Ca =(((104.03-100)*(0.2-0.4))/(150-100))+0.410^3Ca =0.38388Ca=0.00038388

H. Menghitung Koefisien Tahanan UdaraKarena data mengenai angin dalam perancangan kapal tidak diketahui maka disarankan untuk mengoreksi koefisien tahanan udara (HARVALD 5.5.26 hal 132)

Caa =0.00007

I. Menghitung Koefisien Tahanan KemudiBerdasarkan HARVALD 5.5.27 hal. 132 koreksi untuk tahanan kemudi mungkin sekitar :Cas =0.00004

J. Menghitung Tahanan Total KapalKoefisien tahanan total kapal atau Ct, dapat ditentukan dengan menjumlahkan seluruh koefisien - koefisien tahanan kapal yang ada :

Ctair =Cf + Cr + Ca + Caa + CasMaka Koefisien Tahanan Total adalah :KecepatanCrCfCaCaaCasKoefisien Tahanan Total (Ct)Fn

(Knot)(m/s)157.710.00057937880.00093475050.000383880.000070.000040.00200800920.23914.57.4530.00057467390.00093783090.000383880.000070.000040.00200638490.23113.56.9390.00036941620.00094437420.000383880.000070.000040.00180767030.21512.56.4250.00033278080.00095149810.000383880.000070.000040.00177815890.19911.55.9110.00023903070.00095930770.000383880.000070.000040.00169221840.18310.55.3970.00019743060.00096793840.000383880.000070.000040.0016592490.1679.54.8830.00017675760.00097756880.000383880.000070.000040.00164820640.151

Tahanan AirVs (knot)Vs (m/s)CfCrCaCasCtRtair157.710.00093475050.0005790.000383880.000040.0019380092133.935479912914.57.4530.00093783090.0005750.000383880.000040.0019363849125.050363093113.56.9390.00094437420.0003690.000383880.000040.001737670397.272975611312.56.4250.00095149810.0003330.000383880.000040.001708158981.979555609611.55.9110.00095930770.0002390.000383880.000040.001622218465.896489934410.55.3970.00096793840.0001970.000383880.000040.00158924953.81803372459.54.8830.00097756880.0001770.000383880.000040.001578206443.7490144281

Tahanan UdaraVs (knot)Vs (m/s)CaaRaa157.710.000070.00028321414.57.4530.000070.000264647713.56.9390.000070.000229403312.56.4250.000070.000196676411.55.9110.000070.000166466910.55.3970.000070.00013877499.54.8830.000070.0001136003

Tahanan TotalVs (knot)Vs (m/s)RtCtCtsm157.71133.93576312690.00193801330.002248095514.57.453125.05062774080.0019363890.002246211213.56.93997.27320501460.00173767440.002015702312.56.42581.9797522860.0017081630.00198146911.55.91165.89665640130.00162222250.001881778110.55.39753.81817249940.00158925310.00184353369.54.88343.74912802840.00157821050.0018307241Tahanan Total (Sea Margin)Tahanan total disamping merupakan data yang masih dalam pelayaran percobaan. Pada kondisi rata-rata pelayaran dinas harus diberikan kelonggaran tambahan pada tahanan dan daya efektif yang disebut sea margin. Untuk rute pelayaran yaitu Surabaya - Jakarta yang marginnya adalah sebesar 15 - 30 %. Di antara range tersebut, diambil 16%.Vs (knot)Vs (m/s)Rtsm(1+16%)Rt157.71155.365485227214.57.453145.058728179413.56.939112.83691781712.56.42595.096512651811.55.91176.440121425510.55.39762.42908009939.54.88350.748988513

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Metode HoltropNama:Miftah Irfan FirdausiNRP.:4213100029

PERHITUNGAN TAHANAN KAPAL (Metode Holtrop)

1. Data Utama KapalTipe KapalContainer CarrierCm0.9772Panjang (Lpp)163.9mCb0.6301Lebar (B)30mCp0.6428Tinggi geladak (H)14mDiperoleh berdasarkan Speed Length Ratio menurut NSPSarat air (T)8.1mKecepatan dinas (Vs)20knot2. Perhitungan Awal2A. Menentukan Lwl2D. Menentukan AmLwl = (1 + 3%) LppAm = Cm x B x T = (1 + 3%) 135 237.4596 =168.817meter2E. Menentukan Vdisp2B. Menentukan LdisplacementVdisp = Cb x Ldisp x B x TLwl = 168.817 25471.86527655meter3Ldisp = 1/2*(Lpp+Lwl) =166.3585meter2F. Menentukan Berat Displasmen () =545.7889668feet = x air laut26108.6619084637ton2C. Menentukan Speed Length RatioSpeed Length Ratio = Vs/Ldisp =0.856086443

3. Batasan Metode HoltropCp = 0.6428Cp = 0.55-0.85B/T = 3.7037037037B/T = 2.10-4.00L/B = 5.4633333333L/B = 3.90-14.90Fn = 0.2589252399Fn = 1727L^3/Vdisp = 188.8807879423c15 = -1.69385m2 = -0.1462628565V(knot)V(m/s)Fnm220.510.5370.2590573109-0.15772302142010.280.2527388399-0.1462628565199.7660.2401018979-0.1235045751189.2520.2274649559-0.1013101743178.7380.2148280139-0.0801675881168.2240.2021910719-0.0606309599157.710.1895541299-0.0432841276Rw = 226820.03724164V(knot)V(m/s)FnRw20.510.5370.2590573109286209.3858435242010.280.2527388399226820.03724164199.7660.2401018979158514.761422456189.2520.2274649559130222.13796618178.7380.214828013986363.3599186829168.2240.202191071941400.3547617251157.710.189554129930403.14072384058. Menghitung Tahanan Bulbous BowPb =0Karena ABT bernilai 0Fni =0

Jadi,RB =0kNkarena kapal tidak memiliki bulbous bow9. Menghitung Tahanan TransomFnT =0

Jadi, RTR =0kNKarena Kapal Tidak ada transom10. Menghitung Tahanan KorelasiT/L = 0.0479809498C4 =0.04CA = 0.0004015354Ra = 118520.806682893NV(knot)V(m/s)Ra(N)20.510.537124520.9225212152010.28118520.806682893199.766106965.028031311189.25296001.8534131434178.73885631.2828283903168.22475853.3162770516157.7166667.953759127411. Menghitung Tahanan TotalV(knot)V(m/s)Rf(1+k1)RappRwRbRtrRa(N)Rtotal (N)20.510.537521922.9390400548486.5628514049286209.38584352400124520.922521215941139.8102561982010.28496773.7670815518101.5929638998226820.0372416400118520.806682893850216.203969984199.766448338.32479117356.9155233228158514.76142245600106965.028031311721175.029768189189.252402386.7513360566646.0792789159130222.137966180096001.8534131434635256.821994295178.738358919.0467164215969.284460079686363.35991868290085631.2828283903536882.973923573168.224317935.2109321935326.744685410941400.35476172510075853.3162770516440515.62665638157.71279435.2439833724718.688737817230403.14072384050066667.9537591274381225.027204157

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Contoh HoltropPERHITUNGAN TAHANAN KAPAL (METODE HOLTROP)

A. Data Utama KapalTipe KapalContainer CarrierCm0.9877Panjang (Lpp)135mCb0.6716Lebar (B)22.6mCp0.6837Tinggi geladak (H)10.8mDiperoleh berdasarkan Speed Length Ratio menurut NSPSarat air (T)8.123mKecepatan dinas (Vs)16.4knotB. Perhitungan Awal1. MENENTUKAN Lwl4. MENENTUKAN AmLwl =(1 + 3%) LppAm =Cm x B x T = (1 + 3%) 135 =181.32176846 =139.05meter2. MENENTUKAN Ldisplacement5. MENENTUKAN VdispLwl =139.05Vdisp =Cb x Lwl x B x TL disp =1/2*(Lpp+Lwl) =17143.779531204meter3 =137.025meter =449.55162feet 3. MENENTUKAN Speed Length Ratio6. MENENTUKAN Berat Displasmen ()Speed Length Ratio =Vs/Ldisp =x air laut =0.7734888623=17572.3740194841ton

7. MENENTUKAN Luas Permukaan Basah (S)S =1.025*Lpp((CbxB)+(1.7*T))=4011.1121025m2

C. Batasan pada Metode HoltropFn =