x DAFTAR ISI hal Halaman Judul .................................................................................. i Halaman Persetujuan Pembimbing .................................................. ii Halaman Pengesahan ....................................................................... iii Halaman Pernyataan ......................................................................... iv Halaman Motto ................................................................................. v Halaman Persembahan ..................................................................... vi Halaman Kata Pengantar .................................................................. vii Abstrak ............................................................................................. ix Daftar Isi ........................................................................................... x BAB I : PENDAHULUAN A. Latar Belakang Masalah ................................................ 1 B. Fokus Penelitian ............................................................ 5 C. Rumusan Masalah ......................................................... 5 D. Tujuan Penelitian .......................................................... 6 E. Manfaat Penelitian ........................................................ 6 F. Sistematika Penulisan Skripsi ....................................... 6 BAB II : KAJIAN PUSTAKA A. Tinjauan Umum Arah Kiblat ......................................... 8 1. Definisi Kiblat .......................................................... 8 2. Dasar Hukum Menghadap Kiblat ............................. 9 3. Sejarah Kiblat ........................................................... 13 4. Menghadap Kiblat Menurut Ulama’ Fiqih ............... 16 5. Meluruskan Arah Kiblat Menurut Ilmu Falak ......... 17 B. Metode Penentuan Arah Kiblat ...................................... 19 1. Metode Hisab Arah Kiblat ...................................... 20 a. Azimuth Qiblat ................................................... 20 b. Rashd Al Qiblah ................................................. 24 c. Qiblat Tiap Saat .................................................. 28 2. Metode Alternatif penentuan Arah Kiblat ............... 29 a. Theodolite ........................................................... 29 b. Kompas ............................................................... 30 c. Astrolabe atau Rubu’ Mujayyab ......................... 31 d. Segitiga Siku ....................................................... 32 3. Software Arah Kiblat ............................................... 32 a. Google Earth ....................................................... 33 b. Qibla Locator ...................................................... 34 c. Program Mawaqit ............................................... 34