Mendel’s Genetics

Mendel’s Genetics

Group 1Period 1

Griffin McComb, Lizzy, Alina, Hannah, Suhani

Vocab

• Genetics – the scientific study of hereditary• Fertilization – joining of male and female

reproductive cells• True Breeding – organisms that produce offspring

identical to themselves if allowed to self pollinate• Trait – a specific characteristic• Hybrid – offspring of crosses between parents of

different traits.

Vocab

• Genes – chemical factors that determine traits• Alleles – the different form of a gene• Segregation – the separation of alleles• Gametes – specialized cells involved in

reproduction (sex cells)

Meiosis Vocab• Homologous – chromosomes that each have a

corresponding chromosome from the opposite sex parent• Diploid – a cell that contains both sets of homologous

chromosomes• Haploid – a cell that contains only a single set of

chromosomes and therefore only a single set of genes.• Meiosis – process by which the number of chromosomes

per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell.

Meiosis Vocab

Tetrad - structure containing four chromatids that form during meiosis. Crossing over- process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis.

Key concepts

• The principal of dominance states that some alleles are dominant and others are recessive.

• During gamete formation, alleles segregate from each other so that each gamete carries only a single copy of each gene.

Interphase I

• Cells undergo a round of DNA replication forming duplicate chromosomes.

Prophase I

• Each chromosome pairs with its corresponding homologous chromosomes to form a tetrad.

Metaphase I

• Spindle fibers attach to the chromosomes.

Anaphase I

• The fibers pull the homologous chromosomes toward opposite ends of the cell.

Telophase I and Cytokinesis

• Nuclear membranes form. • The cell separates into two cells

Prophase II

• Meiosis I results in two haploid daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes as the original cell.

Metaphase II

• The chromosomes line up in a similar way to the metaphase stage of meiosis.

Anaphase II

• The sister chromatids separate and move toward the opposite ends of the cell.

Telophase II and Cytokinesis

• Meiosis II results in four haploid daughter cells.

Quiz!

• In which phase of meiosis does the cell separate into two cells?

A. MetaphaseB. TelophaseC. AnaphaseD. Interphase

Quiz!

• What is the first stage of meiosis?A. MetaphaseB. ProphaseC. InterphaseD. Telophase

Quiz!

• A cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes is a…?

A. DiploidB. HaploidC. TetradD. Polygenic

Quiz!

• What is the first stage of mitosis?A. MetaphaseB. ProphaseC. AnaphaseD. Telophase

Quiz!

• Two identical chromosomes are also known as…?

A. CentrosomesB. ChromatidsC. Centrioles D. Brother cells

Quiz!

• What is the correct definition of homologous?A. Process of cell divisionB. Chromosomes that can have corresponding

chromosomes from the opposite sex parent.C. Chromosomes that have different gene

sequenceD. The process which cells undergo to

reproduce DNA

Quiz!

• What is Meiosis?A. Process of reproduction division in which the

number of is a process of reduction division in which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half

B. Cell divisionC. Cell reproductionD. Haploid gamete cell

Quiz!

• Which is the correct order of meiosis?A. Telophase 1, telophase 2, metaphase1,

anaphase1B. Anaphase2, telophase2, metaphase2, prophase2C. Interphase1, prophase1, metaphase1,

anaphase1, telophase1, cytokinesis. D. Prophase, interphase1, anaphase1, metaphase1,

telophase1

Quiz!

• What is the difference between mitosis and meiosis?

A. Mitosis: production of 2 genetically indentical diploid cells. Meiosis: 4 genetically different haploid cells.

B. Mitosis: cell reproduction. Meiosis: sex cell reproduction

C. Mitosis: happens in females only, Meiosis: happens in males only

Quiz!

• How many cells does mitosis produce?A. 5B. 2C. 4D. 12

Answers.

1.B 8.C2.C 9.A3.A 10.C4.B5.B6.B7.A