MEMSA Presentation June 12, 2014 Managing Power Demand on Excavators Craig V Fredrich– Engineering Technical Steward Caterpillar Global Mining ERS / DGL Product Group
MEMSA Presentation June 12, 2014
Managing Power Demand on Excavators
Craig V Fredrich– Engineering Technical Steward
Caterpillar Global Mining
ERS / DGL Product Group
2 / Caterpillar Confidential: GREEN / WHEREVER THERE’S MINING
Contents
Safety
Introduction
Caterpillar AC History
Robust Power Requirements
Power Demand Management
Summary
Questions
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Safety First, Safety Always
Emergency Phone Numbers
• Fire Emergency:
• Call 911
• Medical Emergency:
• Call 911
• CPR/AED Certified?
• Who will call emergency numbers?
• Room Hazards - Chairs
• Location of Exits
• Nearest Fire Extinguisher
• Nearest AED
• Evacuation Point
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Craig Fredrich
• Electrical engineer
• 28+ Years Mining experience
• Started in field service working on SCR based analog
machines
• Have been with the progression of the drive systems to the
present IGBT digital controls
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Bucyrus forms alliance with Siemens.
Bucyrus introduces “Analog SCR” AC Drives
Electric Rope Shovels Small Draglines
Bucyrus introduces “GTO” AC Drives
Electric Rope Shovels Small Draglines Large Draglines (Swing)
Bucyrus introduces “IGBT/AFE” AC Drives
495BII Large Draglines (Swing)
Bucyrus develops first AC IGBT/AFE Gearless
8750 Zhungeer (CHINA)
Bucyrus AC IGBT/AFE Conventional Geared
8750 Lake Lindsay (AUS) 8750 TAU (CAN)
Bucyrus AC IGBT/AFE Conventional Geared
8200 Reliance (INDIA) 8200 Reliance (INDIA)
1976 1980 1989 1999 2003-04 2006-07 2010-14
37 YEARS CATERPILLAR AC EXPERTISE
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IGBT AC Drive Systems
180 plus machines approaching 8,000,000 operational hours
IGBT powered Electric Rope Shovels operating since 1999
5 machines approaching 200,000 operational hours IGBT powered Draglines operating since 1999
2 new machines IGBT powered 8200 Draglines go to work 2014
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• Electric Rope Shovels have a very high rate of change in
power demand
• To reduce energy costs, rope shovels also regenerate
electricity back onto the line
Robust Power Requirements
• A robust power system is
required to manage both
the regeneration and the
high ramp rates
• These requirements
provide challenges for
Diesel power systems
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Robust Power Requirements
• Rope shovel rate
of change are 2 to
3 times faster than
a typical Diesel
generator can
provide
• To protect the
generator from
regeneration,
resistive load
banks burn off
excess energy
Power Demand Management – How it works
Peak Shaver
Shaves peak demand by using
energy stored in ultra capacitors
Ramp Rate Limiter
Redistribution of power for ideal
genset loading
Power supplied by ultra caps
Power stored in ultra caps
Dig Swing & dump Lower
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Electric Rope Shovel Typical Power Demand
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Power Requirements with Power Management System
Ramp Rate Limiter
Redistribution of power for
ideal genset loading
Peak Shaver
Shaves peak demand by using
energy stored in ultra capacitors
Regeneration
Recharge ultra-capacitors with
energy from stopping motions
Intellectual Property – Power Demand Management
• U.S. Patent No. 4,358,719
• U.S. Patent No. 8,174,225
• U.S. Patent No. 8,536,814
• Future Patents Pending
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8750-81 Dragline 8-8-10 Typical KW vs Time curve
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8750-81 Dragline 8-8-10 Typical KW vs Time curve
Peak Shaver
Shaves peak demand by using
energy stored in ultra capacitors
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Caterpillar Exclusive Technology
Off-Grid Benefits
• Most efficient off-grid power solution available
– Shovel operational on 4MW of genset power for reduced fuel consumption compared to traditional method of operating with 8MW of power or more
• Patented technology manages energy
– Rope shovel regeneration power utilized not wasted
• Sustainable solution
– Reduced greenhouse gas emissions
– Less wasted energy
Additional Benefits after Power Grid is in place
• Trail cable flexibility – longer trail cable runs
• Substation sizing – reduced power infrastructure costs
Cat® Power Demand Management Technology
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Power Demand Management – Trail Cable Sizing
Longer trail cable* allows for more flexibility when placing substations
• Keep substation out of the pit
• Less hassle relocating during laybacks
• Remove the need to run high tension cable in the pit
*Trail cable length is dependent
upon many factors, including
voltage drop of the transformer and
overhead line.
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Demonstrations at Tucson Proving Grounds
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Power Demand Management
Building Blocks
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System Components
Incoming
Power
Transformers AFEs Inverters
Hoist
Propel
Crowd
Swing
Chopper Energy Storage
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MRC Features
Durable / Resilient Cabinets
Durable welded steel construction Designed for ERS shock and vibration
environment
All components in cabinet are accessible for maintenance
Degree of protection
Ventilated section IP21 in acc IEC 529
Non-ventilated section IP54 in acc IEC529
Ambient temperature
Normal Operation -40 °C to + 50 °C
Storage & Transportation -40 °C to +70 °C
Integrated and independent liquid cooling system
Integral propel Transfer Switch
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AC Power Module Building Blocks
Dragline Skid Configuration Space for up to four AFE rectifiers
Common DC bus
Connects AFE with inverters
Space for up to five motor inverters
to power
Maximum one 824AC hoist motor
Maximum one 824AC drag motor
Maximum one 822AC swing motor
Conventional 1370W (4-4-4)
Powered with 4 MRCs
Conventional 8750 (8-8-8)
Powered with 8 MRCs
M
Swing Motor 1
M
Hoist Motor1
M
Drag Motor 1
M
Propel Motor 1
Swing
Inv 1
Hoist
Inv 1A
Drag
Inv 1A
Hoist
Inv 1B
Ground
Fault
ProtectionCrowbar
DC Link Capacitor
Precharge
Transformer
Delta / Wye
Aux Power
AFE 1 AFE 2 AFE 3 AFE 4
T T T T
Drag
Inv 1B
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Power Demand Management
Power Problems / Application
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Genset Challenges
• Regen Absorption
– Avoid engine overspeed
• Peak Power Limiting
– Limit engine sizing
• Rate of Change
– Match engine dynamic response
• Application without Peakshaving can require double the
number of gensets needed with peakshaver
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Mine Power Considerations
• Unstable Power
– Mines experience machine downtime or component failure due
to insufficient or unreliable power infrastructure
• Delayed Power Plan
– Delays in the mine power plan cause delay in machine
production
• Pit Expansion
– Expanding to an area of the mine that does not have electrical
infrastructure
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Mines have limited options for loading tools when opening
a new pit until electrical infrastructure is in place at the pit
Greenfield Mine Application
• Diesel-powered machines are typically employed for initial
overburden removal
• Operating electric rope shovels on
Diesel-generators is generally not
economical due to the machine’s
excessive rate of change in power
demand, unless peak shaving
technology is employed
• Electric rope shovels also regenerate
electricity, which can not be absorbed
by generators and must be absorbed
by PDMS or burned off via load banks
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Pros
+ Flexibility / Utility
+ Lower Initial Capital Cost per machine
Mine Development with Diesel-Powered Machines
Power Grid
Complete
Pre-Stripping Production
Cons
- Higher Cost / ton
- Lower NPV
- Higher Total Cost
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Pros
+ Lower Cost / ton
+ Longer machine life
+ Backup Generators
+ Best TCO
Mine Development with Power Demand Management
Power Grid
Complete
Pre-Stripping Production
Cons
- Higher Initial Capital Cost
- Generator Cost
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Holistic Machine Approach
CAT Total Machine Commitment
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Holistic Approach Examples
• House Ventilation Study
• Propel Study
• Roller Load Study
• Stability Study