09/24/2013 Liquid Analysis Introduction Jeff Low Slide 1 Memosens Technology
09/24/2013
Conventional or AnalogIntroduction to Liquid Analysis
Jeff LowSlide 2
Sensor/Cableconnection
Cableproperties
Cable/transmitterconnection
Sensorsensitivity
Ground potentialdifference offset
Highimpedanceinput board
Analog - The analoguesignal loop stretches fromthe sensing element tothe transmitterelectronics
MoistureCorrosionSalt bridges
09/24/2013
Memosens Technology ‒ Inductive and DigitalIntroduction to Liquid Analysis
Jeff LowSlide 3
Measuringelectrode
3 mol KCl+
Internal buffer3 mol
KCl
Referenceelectrode
Sensor HeadA
D
pH TransmitterWith digital input
boardInductive digitaldata transfer
Cable head
Conductive digitaldata transfer
No metal connectionNo moistureNo corrosion
09/24/2013
Introduction to Liquid Analysis
Jeff LowSlide 4
Memosens Technology
• The electric connection between cable and sensor is Inductive
• No Metal Connection ‒ no chance for corrosion or moisture
• Built-in Memory chip in each memosens sensor
• Hot Plug and Play feature, even possible to be Connected Under Water
induktive Signalübertragung
induktive Energieübertragunginductive energy transmission
inductive signal transmission
09/24/2013
Memosens Technology ‒ Key FeaturesPure water / Water for injection
Easy Maintenance
AdvancedDiagnostics
PredictiveMaintenance
Slide 5 Jeff Low
Safety
09/24/2013
Liquid Analysis Measurement in Oil and Gas
1. Safety
JeloSlide 6
• Maximum Process SafetyCable pinched off ? Cable defect ? Cable disconnected from sensor ?• Conventional sensor No Alarm
• Digital sensorAlarm
• No communication between sensor and transmitter
Alarm automatically
• Hot Plug and Play system
• EMC compliance
• Hazardous Area Approval
09/24/2013
Memobase Plus: less hardware, more functionalityMemobase Plus
PC
USB cable
MemoLink box
Memosens cable
Sensor
Data + energy transfer
All in one: Measure • Calibrate • Document
Slide 9 Launchteam
09/24/2013
Introduction to Liquid Analysis
3. Advanced Diagnostics
Jeff LowSlide 12
• Diagnostic message classified according to NAMUR NE107• NE107 is essential to distinguish between messages for maintenance and
operational staff
Failure(F)
A malfunction has been detected, find out theerror, inform maintenance
Functional Check(C)
Observe process, device is under maintenance
Out of Specification(S)
Less accuracy, operated outside specification
Maintenance required(M)
Device still measure correctly, however propermaintenance required
09/24/2013
4. Predictive Maintenance
• Manufacturing data• Serial number
• Order code
• Date of manufacture
• Calibration data• Calibration date
• Calibrated slope, zero point
• Number of calibrations
• Temperature offset
• Application data• Temperature application range
• pH application range
• Date of first commissioning
• Maximum temperature value
• Operating hours at temperature above80°C and 100°C
• Operating hours at very low and veryhigh pH values
• Number of sterilization
• Glass membrane impedance
Liquid Analysis Measurement in Oil and Gas
JeloSlide 13
09/24/2013
Predictive MaintenanceCalibration Timer
• The date of the last calibration is stored in theMemosens sensor
• A warning and alarm can be set for the expiry ofthat date
Liquid Analysis Measurement in Oil and Gas
JeloSlide 14
Prediction of sensor life span
• Approaching the end of an sensor life span thecalibration values zero and slope degrease faster.
• Delta zero and delta slope increase faster.
• Diagnosis message can be set if exceed certainlimits
09/24/2013
Predictive MaintenanceOperation hour counter
• The overall operating hours, temperature above80°C and 100°C and extreme measuring values arebeing counted
• The warning and alarm limits can be set
Liquid Analysis Measurement in Oil and Gas
JeloSlide 15
Sterilisation Counter• In the regulated industry the sensors are
evaluated by the amount of sterilisation cycles• Memosens sensors recognise a sterilisation cycle
and store the amount of cycles• If the counter exceed the limits set in the
transmitter they lead to a diagnosis message
09/24/2013
Memosens is an open standard, not a proprietary system!Introduction to Liquid Analysis
Jeff LowSlide 16
• Up to now, three companies are working togetherconcerning Memosens
09/24/2013
Introduction to Liquid Analysis
www.memosens.org
Jeff LowSlide 17
Memosens standard now with its own homepage
09/24/2013
Transmitter PortfolioLiquid Analysis Measurement
Liquisys CxM253/223Liquiline CM42Liquiline CM44x
Slide 18 Dr.Yongbo Liu
• Memosens• Multi-parameter• Hot Plug & Play• Modular ‒ expandable• Max 8 Channels• 4-20mA, HART• Relays• Modbus• Profibus
• Memosens or analog• 1 channel• SIL 2• Hot Plug & Play• Loop-powered• 4-20mA, HART• Profibus• Foundation Fieldbus
• Memosens or analog• 1 channel• Field or panel mount• 4-20mA, HART• Relays• Profibus
09/24/2013
Introduction to Liquid Analysis
Jeff LowSlide 19
Memosens Sensors ‒ with Liquiline platformDigital fixed-cable sensorswith Memosens protocol• Nitrate, SAC• Turbidity• ISE• DO optical• Conductivity toroidial• sludge level
Memosens sensors withinductive plug-in head• pH glass• pH ISFET• pH enamel• ORP and pH/ORP• Conductivity cond.• DO amp.• Chlorine
Easy handling
• Memosens technology• Hot Plug & Play for all sensors• modular extendable• identical HMI and hardware for
1-8 channels
High Flexibility• 8 Memosens• 4-20 mA analog in• 1-4 relays out• 1-8 x 0/4...20mA
out
• Ethernet configuration viaweb browser
• Bus connections
CM44X
09/24/2013
Liquid Analysis Measurement
Conducta MarketingSlide 20
Memosens sensors Portfolio
CPS441DCPS491DCPS471DCPS11D
CPS41D CPS91DCPS71D CPF81D
pH/glass ORP
CPS12DCPS42D
CPS72D CPF82DCPS92D
COS22DCOS51D
Dissolved oxygen
COS61DCLS15DCLS21D
CLS16D
Conductivity
CLS50D
CAS40D
Nitrate/SAC/COD/TOC
CAS51DUV/optical
Turbidity
CUS51Doptical
Chlorine
CCS142D
CUS71D
pH/ISFET ISE Sludge
09/24/2013
Assembly (holder) PortfolioIm
mer
sion
Flow
-thr
ough
Pipe
orta
nkCPA 111 CYA 112 CPA 140
PVDF
Stainless steel
CPA 510 CPA 530 CYH 112
PVDF Stainless steel
CPA 240 CPA 250 CPA 640
CPA 450 CPA 471 CPA 472 CPA 472DCPA 442 CPA 473 CPA 475 CPA 477
16/03/2013
What’s pH good for ?
Slide 3
• pH measurement is an important measurementand touches us all the time in our daily life
• Cleaning solutions: soap, bleacher, etc.
• Food products: yogurt, cheese, coke, beer,water etc.
• Wastewater: industrial, municipal
• Chemical production: Pesticide, TiO2, synthetic dye, epoxy resin
• Plastic production: PVC, PP, etc.
• Pharmaceutical: insulin, penicillin, anti bodies, etc.
• Pulp & Paper: inlet of paper machine, reject water, etc.
Without pH measurement it would be impossible for theindustry to deliver the life style we take for granted
16/03/2013
Definition of pH (“potentia Hydrogenii”)
Dr. M. FreudenbergerSlide 4
• Pure water dissociates into ions (charged particles)
H2O H+ + OH-
• Dissociation of a H2O molecule to each one H+ and OH- ion
c(H+) = c(OH-) = 10-7 mol/l
• 1 mol/l
• pH is defined as the negative decadal logarithm of the hydrogen ion activity(but mostly used instead is concentration):
pH = - lg c(H+)
• Result when calculating the pH value of pure water:pH = - lg (10-7) = 7
= 1 g/l of hydrogen ions (H+)
= 17 g/l of hydroxide ions (OH-)
16/03/2013
Definition of pH
• The pH value is measured on a scale of 0 to 14
• pH value under 7: liquid is acidic• pH value of 7: liquid is neutral• pH value over 7: liquid is alkaline
• Acid means: Excess of H+ ions• Neutral means: Equilibrium of H+ and OH- ions• Base means: Excess of OH- ions
Slide 5 Dr. M. Freudenberger
16/03/2013
The logarithmic pH scale
pH
01234567891011121314
Range
100
10-1
10-2
.
.
.
10-14
alkaline
acid
neutral
H+ concentration[mol/l]
10,10,010,0010,00010,000010,0000010,00000010,000000010,0000000010,00000000010,000000000010,0000000000010,00000000000010,00000000000001
Slide 6 Dr. M. Freudenberger
16/03/2013
Typical examples of pH values
Coca Cola 2,5 Fanta 3,0Apple juice 3,5
Beer 4,1 - 4,6Butter 4,8 - 4,9
Human skin 4,8 - 5,8
Fresh milk 6,7 - 7,1Human blood 7,4
Albumen 7,6 - 8,0
Soap 9 - 10
Drain pipe cleaner 11-12
Sodium hydroxide 14(1 mol/l)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
Gastric acid 1,7
16/03/2013
Working Principle
Potentiometric
• pH-sensitive glass membrane
• Measuring electrode
• Reference electrode made ofsilver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCl)
• Reference Junction
Internal Training
Jeff LowSlide 8
1
2
3
4
1
3
2
4
16/03/2013
Working principle of glass membrane
If “inside” pH = “outside” pHno potential difference = 0 mV (= pH 7)
with excess of H+-ions = positive charge “outside”with lack of H+-ions = negative charge “outside”
potential difference
+++ +
--
--
Internalbuffer
AcidsolutionpH < 7
AlkalinesolutionpH > 7
Gel layer:0,0001 mm
Glass membranethickness:0.2-0.5 mm
pH 7H+H+
Slide 11 Dr. M. Freudenberger
16/03/2013
Ceramicdiaphragm
Ring-shapedPTFE diaphragm
Openaperture
Slide 12 Dr. M. Freudenberger
Very robust Slow response Dirt repellent
Fast response Soiling sensitive Biocompatible
Very fast response Soiling sensitive Danger of poisoning
16/03/2013
The degree of the acidic or alkaline character of anaqueous solution is related to the activity of hydrogen ions.
U ... Sensor voltageUo ... Voltage at pH=7.00R ... Gas constantT ... Temperature in KelvinF ... Faraday constantH+ ... Activity of H+-ionsn ... Load of the ion (H+=1)
Nernst Formula
Generation of an electrical potential according to pH
Slope59,16 mV at 25 °C
Slide 13 Dr. M. Freudenberger
16/03/2013
8
• The voltage of a pH sensor respects the “Nernst´s law”
Slope:58,16 mV/pH (20°C)59,16 mV/pH (25°C)60,15 mV/pH (30°C)61,14 mV/pH (35°C)74,04 mV/pH (100°C)
Slide 14
Characteristic curve of a pH sensor
pH < 7: Positive voltage
pH > 7: Negative voltage
Slope 59,16 mV/pHat 25°C
400
300
200
0
-100
-200
-300
-400
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 13 14
mV
pH
100
25°C
Exercise:What is the output voltage in Coca-Cola @ 25°C ?Solution:Coca-Cola = pH 2,5 4,5 x 59,16 mV = +266 mV
3 x 59,16 mV = 177,48 mV
4
2 x 59,16 mV = 118,32 mV
51 x 59,16 mV = 59,16 mV
6
16/03/2013
Influence of temperature on pH value
What´s the pH of water at 0°C ??7,47
What´s the pH of water at 100°C ??6,13
Each measuring solution has a characteristic temperature and pHbehaviour (temperature coefficient).
Reason: Dissociation which causes a change in the H+concentration is temperature dependent.
Slide 15 Pechstein/Freudenberger
16/03/2013
Influence of temperature on pH Slope
Slide 16
Slope of the pH electrode:54,20 mV/pH at 0 °C59,16 mV/pH at 25 °C74,04 mV/pH at 100 °C
pH 1 pH 7 pH 130 °C - 0,4 0 - 0,4
20 °C 0 0 040 °C + 0,4 0 + 0,460 °C + 0,81 0 + 0,8180 °C + 1,23 0 + 1,23
16/03/2013
Non-glass pH : Ion-selective
• Ion-selective field effect transistor
(ISFET)
• Unbreakable PEEK body
• Reduce acid and alkaline errors in
extreme pH range.
• Measurement stability and stable
response time
Reference Junction
Gate insulator
Internal Training
Jeff LowSlide 18
1
2
1
2
16/03/2013
How it works
IsFET
H+H+
H+
- - -
Gate insulator
Thickness : about 0,1 µmMaterial : Ta2O5 (tantalum oxide)
the insulator is an amphoteric material(acting as acid or base), thus surfacecharges are occurring by the reversiblereaction with H+ resp. OH- -ions
important: in contrary to the glass electrode no charges are transportedthrough the insulator the effect is produced purely electrostatically
Slide 20 Dr. M. Freudenberger
16/03/2013
pH Technology
Any additonal charge will affect the IsFET.Therefore a reference electrode for compensating is needed.
Reference systemISFET
How it works !
Slide 21 Dr. M. Freudenberger
16/03/2013
pH Technology
Schematic view
1 gate insulator with semiconductor phase
2 ceramic board
3 special flat sealing
4 temperature sensor
5 diaphragm
6 reference part
7 elastic fixing
8 PEEK body
1
2
3 4
56
78
Slide 22 Dr. M. Freudenberger
16/03/2013
pH Technology
Slide 23
Slope of ISFET
-500
mV
0m
V+5
00m
V
0 7 pH 14
- 55,8 mV / pH at 8°C- 61.5 mV / pH at 37°C- 66.3 mV / pH at 61°C
- 59,1 mV / pH at 25°C
IsFETs are following the NERNSTs law
16/03/2013
ORP : Potentiometric
• Oxidation Reduction Potential or Redox
• The ORP value is an indicator of the Oxidizing orReducing properties of a process medium
• Theory of ORP measurement very close to theoryof pH measurement• pH measure activity of H+ ions• ORP measure activity of electrons
• pH deliver mV signal, convert to pH• ORP measure mV signal.
• Noble metal electrode ‒ platinum, gold or silver
Internal Training
Jeff LowSlide 25
16/03/2013
ORP measurement
Jeff LowSlide 26
• the measuring range isbetween -1 500 mV and+1 500 mV
- mV+ mV
Reduction
Oxidation
16/03/2013
Gold, silver or platinum
Dr. M. FreudenbergerSlide 27
• Platinum is the most universal noble metal which can be used in ORPmeasurements.
• The limits are ozone (O3) or peroxide (H2O2). Platinum shows here theeffect of a catalyst.
• Platinum is oxidized in air and strong oxidizing reagents. That caused amemory effect and a slow response time.
• Don’t use platinum in ozone and peroxide applications !
• Gold has a higher electrochemical potential than platinum, is more noble.You can use it in ozone and peroxide and it is also the best for detoxificationof cyanide waste water,
• Don’t use gold in strong acids with high concentration of chlorine. Gold andchlorine are forming a complex, you will find a wrong result !
Internal Training
16/03/2013
Transmitter Portfolio ‒ pH/ORP TransmitterPure water / Water for injection
Liquisys CPM253/223Liquiline CM42Liquiline CM44x
Slide 29 Dr.Yongbo Liu
• Memosens• Multi-parameter• Hot Plug & Play• Modular ‒ expandable• 8 Channels• 4-20mA, HART• Relays• Modbus
• Memosens or analog• SIL 2• Hot Plug & Play• Loop-powered• 4-20mA, HART
• Memosens or analog• Field or panel mount• 4-20mA, HART• Relays
16/03/2013
Liquiline CM44 and its Memosens
Conducta MarketingSlide 30
Liquiline CM44 platform ‒ OverviewDigital fixed-cable sensorswith Memosens protocol• Nitrate, SAC• Turbidity• ISE• DO opt.• Conductivity tor.
Memosens sensors withinductive plug-in head• pH• ORP• Conductivity cond.• DO amp.• Chlorine
Product strategy
Memosens technology
Hot Plug & Play for all sensors
modular extendable
identical HMI for 1..8 channels
identical hardware for 1..8 channels
Product properties
Backlit display
CDI-interface
1..4 relays
1..8 x 0/4..20mAanalog output,HART
Profibus DP,Modbus TCP,Modbus RS485 (RTU)
Ethernet configurationvia web browser
4..20mA analog input
16/03/2013
Liquiline CM44 and its Memosens
Conducta MarketingSlide 31
Digital sensors for liquid analysis by Endress+Hauser
CPS441DCPS491DCPS471DCPS11D
CPS41D CPS91DCPS71D CPF81D
pH/glass ORP
CPS12DCPS42D
CPS72D CPF82DCPS92D
COS22DCOS51D
Dissolved oxygen
COS61DCLS15DCLS21D
CLS16D
Conductivity
CLS50D
CAS40D
Nitrate/SAC
CAS51DUV/optical
Turbidity
CUS51Doptical
Chlorine
CCS142D
CUS71D
pH/ISFET ISE Sludge
16/03/2013
pH / ORP measurement
Jeff LowSlide 33
Application of pH sensorGlass Orbisint Orbipac Ceragel Orbipore Ceraliquid
Non-glass TophitCPS471D
TophitCPS491D
TophitCPS441D
Technicalcharacteristics
• Teflondiaphragm
• Double gel
• Teflondiaphragm
• Double chamberreference
• Flat membrane(optional)
• Ceramicdiaphragm
• Doublechamberreference
• Opendiaphragm
• Double gel
• Ceramicdiaphragm
• Liquidreference
Preferredapplicationareas
• Long-termcheck ofstableprocesses
• Stableprocesses
• Poisoningmedia
• Abrasivemedia
• Hygienic andsterileapplications
• Poisoningmedia
• Fermentationprocesses
• Media withchangingcomposition
• Intensivelyblockingmedia
• Stronglycontaminatedmedia
• Suspensions
• Emulsions
• Precipitations
CPS71DCPS76DCPS72D(ORP)
CPS91DCPS96DCPS92D(ORP)
CPS41DCPS42D(ORP)
CPS11DCPS16DCPS12D(ORP)
CPF81DCPF82D(ORP)
16/03/2013
pH
Ong KLSlide 34
Installation of pH sensor
*Sensor must always in wet condition
Ok with upside down versionCPS71/71D - BU
16/03/2013
pH / ORP measurement
Cleaning, Calibration and Storing
Jeff LowSlide 36
Cleaning
• pH sensors are recommended to be cleaned ‒ Weekly
• Poor response time, low slope & unstable readings ‒ perform
cleaning
16/03/2013
pH cleaning and calibration
Bart KüpersSlide 37
Electrode cleaning• Rinse with tap water, if crystallization occurs with hot tap
water (> 70°C)
• Soak in cleaning agent for removal of:
Oil, fat: Alkaline, AlcoholLime: HCL (4%)Metal hydroxide: HCL (4%)Cyanide: HCL (4%)Sulfide: HCL (4%)+ thiourea (sat.)Protein: HCL (4%)+ pepsin (sat.)Heavy biol. deposit: HCL (4%)Silicon: Acetone
• Wipe with paper tissue
• Rinse with tap water
16/03/2013
pH / ORP measurement
Cleaning, Calibration and Storing
Jeff LowSlide 38
Calibration• Calibration corrects the measuring error caused by potential changes.• recommended - 2 to 4 Monthly• Sensor to be replaced; when calibration cannot be done (refer to
sensor data: Slope & Zero Point)• Slope below 55mV ‒> Change new sensor
Storing• Out of operation pH sensors should be stored wet.(horizontally)• Buffer pH 7 or 3 M KCl is the best storage solution.
(Service/Maintenance schedule depends on applications & process conditions)
16/03/2013
Fully automated solutionpH / ORP measurement
Jeff LowSlide 40
Measuring of pH+ cleaning+ calibrationoutside of process
Topclean S - CPC30 Topcal S - CPC310
Measuring of pH+ cleaningoutside of process
16/03/2013
Topcal S CPC310
• Fully automatic measuring, cleaning and calibrating
• suitable for all industries: chemistry, pharmaceuticals,water & waste water, food, power, mining, pulp & paper.
• Benefits :
• Very high degree of process safety
• Securing of product quality
• High availability of plant
• Features
• 7 freely configurable programs for cleaning, calibrationand sterilization
• Industry approved PVDF membrane pumps, allowsusage of aggressive cleaners
• Basic version with controller for two external valves,e.g. for additional cleaners, steam for sterilization, etc…
pH / ORP measurement
Jeff LowSlide 41
CYC310 Plastics
CYC310 Stainless steel
16/03/2013
pH
Ong KLSlide 47
Installation Example (Water)
Customer: Puncak Niaga, SSP2Location: Actiflo Plant
CPS 11
Field mountCPM 253
DipFitCPA 111
16/03/2013
pH
Ong KLSlide 48
Installation Example (Water)
Customer: Puncak Niaga, SSP2Location: Filtration Plant
Field mountCPM 253
CPS 11
CPA 250
16/03/2013
pH
Ong KLSlide 49
Installation Example (Water)
Customer: Kuching Water BoardLocation: Analyzer Rack
Measurement: Raw water pH
CPF 81
Sensor autocleaning system
16/03/2013
pH
Ong KLSlide 50
Installation Example (Power)
Customer: Alstom Power
Panel mountCPM 223
CPS 11D(memosens)
16/03/2013
pH
Ong KL
Slide 51
Installation Example (Wastewater)
Customer: Guinness Anchor BerhadLocation: Effluent Treatment Plant
CPM 253 CPM 153
CPS 11D(memosens)
16/03/2013
pH
Ong KL
Slide 52
Installation Example (Wastewater)
Panel mountCPM 223
CPF 81
Customer: UniqemaLocation: Wastewater Treatment Plant
16/03/2013
pH
Ong KLSlide 53
Installation Example (Scrubber)
CPS 11D(memosens)
Panel mountCPM 223
Customer: Top GloveLocation: Scrubber
(Chlorine gas absorption)
16/03/2013
Topcal S applications
Application: Food Industry, Cheese Production
Process:
- Production of soft cheese
Process conditions:
- pH 6,9, max 1 bar, 8 -9 °C,
- hygienic
- with CPS471, cleaning withOxonia
Solution:
- Topcal S with CPS471
- CPA 475
Slide 54 Dr. M. Freudenberger
16/03/2013
Topcal S applications
Application: Food Industry, Dairy
Process:
- Control of milk processing,
2 measuring points
Process condition:
- pH 6,75-7,00
Solution:
- Topcal with Tophit CPS 471
- Assembly CPA 475
Slide 55 Dr. M. Freudenberger
16/03/2013
Topcal S applications
Application: Food Industry, Soja Products
Process:
- Production of soja yogurt
Process conditions:
- pH 7,4, 1 bar, 40 °C,
- hygienic
Solution:
- Topcal S PROFIBUS
with CPS 11
- CPA 475
Slide 56 Dr. M. Freudenberger
16/03/2013
Topcal S applications
Application: Food Industry
Process:
- Production of marmelade, jam
Process condition:
- pH 1,5-2, T=70°C
- media >50% sugar
Solution:
- Topcal S with Tophit CPS 471
- Assembly CPA 475
Slide 57 Dr. M. Freudenberger
16/03/2013
Topcal S applications
Application: Pharmaceutical Industry
Process:
- Production of drugs against liverdisease, neutralisation processes
- 2 measuring points
Process condition:
- pH 6-7, 3 bar, 70-100°C
- sensor in maintenance positionduring high temperature phases of theprocess
Solution:
- Topcal S with CPS 41
- CPA 475
Slide 58 Dr. M. Freudenberger
16/03/2013
Topcal S applications
Application: Pharmaceutical Industry
Process:
- Blood plasma production(comparison Tophit CPS471 andglass-electrode)
Process condition:
- pH 4-5, low conductivity,water/ethanol mixture
Solution:
- Topcal S with Tophit CPS471
- CPA 475
Slide 59 Dr. M. Freudenberger
16/03/2013
Topcal S applications
Application: Chemical Industry, Neutralisation
Process:
- Silicate Powder Production,preproduction for semiconductor‘smaterial, washing media containsH2, N2 for pneumatic control
Process condition:
- pH 2 - 3, max 1 bar, up to 35°C,abrassive
- outdoor installation
Solution:
- Topcal S
- assembly with ball valve
Slide 60 Dr. M. Freudenberger
16/03/2013
Topcal S applications
Application: Chemical Industry, Resin Production
Process:
- Production of melanin resin
Process condition:
- pH 7,5, 60°C
- neutralization process
- aggressive media (formaldehyd)
- sensor in maintenance position
Solution:
- Topcal S with CPS 41
- Assembly CPA 475
Slide 61 Dr. M. Freudenberger
16/03/2013
Topcal S applications
Application: Industrial Waste Water
Process:
- neutralization in WWTP of a bigpharma plant for production of drugs
- neutralization is done in tank
Process condition:
- 4 - 7 pH, 1 bar, 15 - 30°C
- contents of oils and solvents
Solution:
2 pieces: in tank and outlet
- Topcal S with CPS 11
- CPA 463
Slide 62 Dr. M. Freudenberger
16/03/2013
Topcal S applications
Application: Power plant, Gas Washing
Process:
- gas washing
Process condition:
- pH 0,5-0,6; T=75°C
- continuous measuring
- lifetime electrode > 4 weeks
Solution:
- Topcal S with CPS11
- CPA 463
Slide 63 Dr. M. Freudenberger
16/03/2013
Topcal S applications
Application: Power plant, Gas Washing
Process:
- CaSO4 dispersion
-Process condition:
- pH 7-7,5, T=50°C
- continuous measuring
- lifetime electrode >8 weeks
Solution:
- Topcal S with CPS 11
- CPA 463
Slide 64 Dr. M. Freudenberger
16/03/2013
Topcal S applications
Application: Power plant, Gas Washing
Process: Gas washing
Process condition:
- pH 4,9-5,5; T=49-56°C; flow=50m³/h
- CaSO4-dispersion
- continuous measuring
- 3 measuring points
Solution:
- Topcal S with CPS 11
- CPA 463
Slide 65 Dr. M. Freudenberger
16/03/2013
Topcal S applications
Application: Production of Bleacher
Process:
- Production of domestic bleacher,
- 3 measuring points incl. Redox
Process condition:
- pH 5, max 2 bar, ambient temp.
- pH 5,4, max 2 bar, ambient temp.
Solution:
- Topcal S with CPS 71
- CPA 471
Slide 66 Dr. M. Freudenberger
16/03/2013
Topcal S applications
Application: Pulp and Paper
Process: pulp and paper
- pH control separating agent forpaper nip roll
Process condition:
- Alaun, Al2(SO4)3 for separation
T=36 - 37°C; pH=6.60
Solution:
- Topcal S with CPS 11
- CPA471
- CPR40 for intensive flushing withwater
- CleanC 1 time a day
Slide 67 Dr. M. Freudenberger
16/03/2013
Products Solutions Services
Conductivity measurement
Resistivity (MΩ⋅cm)Total Dissolved Solid (TDS)Concentration (%, ppm, mg/l)
Slide 1 Jeff Low
16/03/2013
Measurement of Conductivity
Dr. Dieter KöngeterSlide 2
Introduction : Current Transport in Liquids
• In solid conductors (wires) the current flow is effected by free electrons.
• In liquid conductors (solutions) the current flow is effected by free ions.
• Substances where the current transport is effected by ions are calledelectrolytes.
During molecules dissociation, positive ions (cations, C+) and negative ions(anions, A-) arise.
Cation
Anion
- +
ClNaClNaSalt:
ClHClH
Acid:
OHNaOHNa
Base:
16/03/2013
Measurement of Conductivity
Dr. Dieter KöngeterSlide 3
Dissociation
• Electrolytes in aqueous solution:
• Dissociation: NaCl Na+ + Cl-
H2SO4 + 2 H2O 2 H3O+ + SO42-
NH4OH NH4+ + OH-
• Charge carriers: Cations (Na+, H3O+, NH4+)
Anions (Cl-, OH-, SO42-)
no free electrons exist in liquids
• Strong electrolytes: dissociate nearly completely(in diluted solutions),thus, a lot of charge carriers are available(hydrochloric acid, sulphuric acid, caustic soda)
• Weak electrolytes: dissociate only partiallythus, not so much charge carriers are available(acetic acid, citric acid, ammonium hydroxide)
16/03/2013
Measurement of Conductivity
Dr. Dieter KöngeterSlide 6
Basics of the Measurement
Determination from voltage Uand current I with Ohm’s law:
I = U / R= U * G
U = voltage [V]R = resistance []I = current [A]G = conductance [S = 1/]
d = electrode distanceA = electrode surface
Conductivity (greek: kappa) [mS/cm, µS/cm]:
= G * d/A
is defined as product specific quantityindependent from measuring deviceswith a „geometry factor“:
cell constant k = d/A [cm-1].
Thus:
= G * k
d
16/03/2013
Type of Conductivity measurement
• Conductive • Inductive
Internal Training
Jeff LowSlide 8
16/03/2013
Measurement of Conductivity
Dr. Dieter KöngeterSlide 9
Design of Sensors
Typical conductive conductivitysensor with two electrodes,cylindrical design
16/03/2013
Measurement of Conductivity
Dr. Dieter KöngeterSlide 10
Design of Sensors: Conductive Measurement
k = 0,01 / cm k = 0,1 / cm k = 1 / cm
for low and medium conductivity
Big cell constant:• small electrode surface• big electrode distance• for medium conductivity
Small cell constant:• big electrode surface• small electrode distance• for low conductivity
16/03/2013
Measurement of Conductivity
Dr. Dieter KöngeterSlide 11
Polarisation effect
• Very high ion concentrations
• Very small electrode surfaces
result in carriers clouds at the electrodes
which obstruct the ion current.
Remedy :
• bigger electrode surface
• higher measuring frequency
• use of Inductive sensors
AC I
U
16/03/2013
Conductivity Measurement : Inductive
• Oscillator generates an alternatingmagnetic field in the primary coil whichinduces a current
• This current flow generates anothermagnetic field in the secondary coil andsignal receive as conductivity.
• The strength of Induced Currentproportional to Conductivity and ionConcentration of the medium.
• No electrodes, No Polarization effects• Accurate in high soiling medium.
Measurement of Conductivity
Dr. Dieter KöngeterSlide 12
Oscillator(Sender)
Receiver
Primarycoil
Secondarycoil
Inducedcurrent flow
CLS50D CLS54D
16/03/2013
Pure water / Water for injection
Conductivity scale of different liquids
Ultrapure water
Pure water
Industrial water
Potable water
BeerMilkOrange juiceApple juiceTomato juice
Phosphoric acidSulphoric acidCaustic soda
0,05 µS/cm
1 µS/cm
10 µS/cm
100 µS/cm
1 mS/cm
10 mS/cm
100 mS/cm
1000 mS/cm
Water
Food
Process
conductivesensors inductive
sensors
Slide 13 Dr.Yongbo Liu
16/03/2013
Measurement range E+H conductivity sensorsPure water / Water for injection
0,1 1,0 10 100 1 10 100 1000µS/cm mS/cm
k= 0,1 cm -1 CLS12/CLS13/CLS15/CLS15D/CLS19
k= 0,01 cm -1 CLS12/CLS13/CLS15/CLS15D/CLS19
k= 0,1 cm -1 CLS16/CLS16D
k= 1 cm -1 CLS21/CLS21D
k =1,98 1/cmCLS50, CLS50D
k =5,9 1/cmCLS52
k =6,3 1/cmCLS54, CLS54D
Slide 14 Dr.Yongbo Liu
16/03/2013
Measurement of Conductivity
Dr. Dieter KöngeterSlide 15
Influence of Temperature on Conductivity
Conductivity:
= F (n+ c + µ+ + n- c- µ-)
with = conductivity [S/cm]F = Faraday’s constant = 96 463 As/mol (fundamental constant)n+/- = valence of the ionsc+/- = concentration of the ions [mol/cm]µ+/- = mobility of the ions [cm²/Vs]
Influence of temperature:
• In weak electrolytes (very important in H2O) the degree of dissociationdepends on temperature.
• The mobility of the ions („tenacity“) depends on temperature.
Temperature compensation:Calculation of the conductivity from the measured “raw” value and display as ifthe liquid had the reference temperature (generally 25 °C).
16/03/2013
Measurement of Conductivity
Dr. Dieter KöngeterSlide 16
Influence of Concentration on Conductivity
Conductivity:
= F (n+ c + µ+ + n- c- µ-)
with = conductivity [S/cm]F = Faraday’s constant = 96 463 As/mol (fundamental constant)n+/- = valence of the ionsc+/- = concentration of the ions [mol/cm]µ+/- = mobility of the ions [cm²/Vs]
Influence of the concentration on the conductivity:• Amount of substance• Degree of dissociation (for weak elektrolytes)• Limitation of the dissociation at strong concentration respective oversaturation• At strong concentrations the ions obstruct themselves the mobility decreases.
Thus: The concentration measurement is non-linear.
16/03/2013
Measurement of Conductivity
Dr. Dieter KöngeterSlide 17
Influence of Concentration on ConductivityConductivity of Strong Electrolytes
• In strong electrolytes theconductivity increased firstwith the concentration.
• The increase of theconcentration leads tointeractions between theionsand thus to an obstruction(hindering) of theirmotion and a decrease ofthe conductivity.
• Thus, the concentrationcurve has a maximum.Behind the maximum, thecurve falls down.
16/03/2013
Measurement of Conductivity
Dr. Dieter KöngeterSlide 18
Influence of Concentration on Conductivity
Concentration Tables
Depending of the respective transmitter, the following functionalitiesare implemented:
• Free programmable tables(value triples: conductivity (uncompensated), concentration, temperature)
• Fixed algorithms for some CIP liquids (CIP = Cleaning in Place):NaOH 0 ... 15 %
H2SO4 0 ... 30 %
H3PO4 0 ... 15 %
HNO3 0 ... 25 %
16/03/2013
Liquiline CM44 and its Memosens
Conducta MarketingSlide 19
Digital sensors for liquid analysis by Endress+Hauser
CPS441DCPS491DCPS471DCPS11D
CPS41D CPS91DCPS71D CPF81D
pH/glass ORP
CPS12DCPS42D
CPS72D CPF82DCPS92D
COS22DCOS51D
Dissolved oxygen
COS61DCLS15DCLS21D
CLS16D
Conductivity
CLS50D
CAS40D
Nitrate/SAC
CAS51DUV/optical
Turbidity
CUS51Doptical
Chlorine
CCS142D
CUS71D
pH/ISFET ISE Sludge
16/03/2013
Launch of the perfect team: Liquiline CM442 and its sensors
Product ManagementConductaSlide 26
Application in WWTP• Industrial and municipal
wastewater
• Inlet to sewage plant
• Sewage plant effluent
• River monitoring
• Product monitoring e.g. HF acid,HCl or lye
• Interface detection in nonhazardous
areas
• Rinsing bath monitoring
Environmental
Chemical industry
Electroplating
16/03/2013
Measurement of Conductivity
Dr. Dieter KöngeterSlide 27
Conductivity Measurement ApplicationsProduct Basket Food / Beverage
Inline measurement:• CIP return control• CIP remaking• Phase separation• Leakage monitoring
CLS 54D
CLD 134
Transmitter
Sensor
MycomCLM 253
Smartec SCLD 134
Inductive sensorInduMax HCLS 54D
Smartec SCLD 134
compact version
-5 ... 125 °Cshort-time 140 °C
LiquisysCLM 223
16/03/2013
Measurement of Conductivity
Dr. Dieter KöngeterSlide 28
Conductivity Measurement Applications
Product Basket Chemistry / Energy
Pure and Ultrapure Water Boiler Feed Water Concentration Measurement
• Ion exchanger
• Reverse osmosis
• Distillation
• Chip cleaning
• Boiler feed water circuit
• Leakage monitoring
• Condenser
• Ion exchanger
• Acids, bases, salts
• Corrosive media
• Phase separations
• Process control
16/03/2013
Conductivity
Ong Kar LeongSlide 30
Examples of Installation
Customer: HACO Asia PacificLocation: CIP
Measurement: mS/cmField mount
CLM 253
CLS 52
16/03/2013
Conductivity
Ong Kar LeongSlide 31
Examples of Installation
Customer: Huat Lai Liquid EggsLocation: CIP
Measurement: 0 ‒ 200 mS/cm
SmartecCLD 132
(Compact)
16/03/2013
Conductivity
Ong Kar LeongSlide 32
Examples of Installation
SmartecCLD 132(Remote)
CLS 52
Customer: Malaysia MilkLocation: CIP
Measurement:0 - 200mS/cm
16/03/2013
Conductivity
Ong Kar Leong
Slide 33
Examples of Installation
CLM 152
CLS 52
Customer: Carlsberg BreweryLocation: Bottle Cleaning Plant
Application: ConcentrationMeasurement: 0 ‒ 5.0 % NaOH
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbidity : BasicTurbidity and Sludge Level Measurement/Basics
Turbidity is the phenomen where by a specific portion of a light beampassing through a liquid medium is deflected from undissolvedparticles.
What is turbidity ?
Slide 3
CONFIDENTIAL
Basics: diffusion of lightTurbidity and Sludge Level Measurement/Basics
the type of the particles (absorbtion)
the size of particles
the concentration (the number of particle)
the type and shape of particle
the wavelength of the radiated light
The diffusion of light caused by undissolved particles in the mediumto a lesser or greater degree of the deflection depends on:
Slide 4
CONFIDENTIAL
Basics: scattered lightTurbidity and Sludge Level Measurement/Basics
lightbeam
The reflection is a function of the sizeand shape of the particles
Slide 5
CONFIDENTIAL
Basics: wavelength for turbidity measurementTurbidity and Sludge Level Measurement/Basics
10
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
visible light
nminfrared district ( >800 nm )
Color means absorbtion of specific wavelengths in thevisible spectra of the light.
Avoiding absorbtion
Apply with a wavelength = 860 nm +/- 30 !
UV light < 340 nm
Slide 6
CONFIDENTIAL
Basics: measuring principleTurbidity and Sludge Level Measurement/Basics
90° scattered light method (according EN 27027)
90° +/- 2,5°
max. 30°
Lightbeam = 860 nm
30 nm
Calibration standard: Formazine
max. 10 cm
Slide 7
CONFIDENTIAL Dr. Ralf HuesgesSlide 10
242 NHCFormazine
1 FNU = 1 FTU = 1 NTU = 1 TU/F = 0,25 EBC
standard-formazin-solution = 4000 FNU
FNU = formazine nephelometric unitFTU = formazine turbidity unitNTU = nephelometric turbidity unitTU/F= turbidity units formazinEBC = European Brewery Convention
Basics: reference standard formazine
ingredients: Hexamethylentetramine + Hydrazinsulfate
CONFIDENTIAL
Basics: typical turbidity valuesTurbidity and Sludge Level Measurement/Basics
potable water 0,05 - 1 FNU
spring-water 0,05 - 10 FNU
final outlet (wwtp) 4 - 20 FNU
orange juice 300 - 900 FNU
waste water (wwtp) 70 - 2000 FNU
milk > 4000 FNU
activated sludge 3 - 7 g/l
primary sludge 3 - 6 g/l
recirculated sludge 6 - 8 g/l
digested sludge 5 - 8 %SSwwtp = waste water treatment plantss = suspendet solid
Measurement inGermany under
law.
Slide 11
CONFIDENTIAL Dr. Ralf HuesgesSlide 12
Basics - Visualization
1000 500750 250 125 50 25 2,512,5 56000 30004500 1500 750 300 150 1575 30
FTUEBCppm
CONFIDENTIAL
Liquiline CM44 and its Memosens
Conducta MarketingSlide 13
Digital sensors for liquid analysis by Endress+Hauser
CPS441DCPS491DCPS471DCPS11D
CPS41D CPS91DCPS71D CPF81D
pH/glass ORP
CPS12DCPS42D
CPS72D CPF82DCPS92D
COS22DCOS51D
Dissolved oxygen
COS61DCLS15DCLS21D
CLS16D
Conductivity
CLS50D
CAS40D
Nitrate/SAC
CAS51DUV/optical
Turbidity
CUS51Doptical
Chlorine
CCS142D
CUS71D
pH/ISFET ISE Sludge
CONFIDENTIAL
ApplicationTurbidity and Sludge Level Measurement/Wastewater
Turbidity measurementin industrialwastewater(Titanium Dioxide)
Slide 14
CONFIDENTIAL
Application: Concrete residual water recyclingTurbidity and Sludge Level Measurement/Wastewater
• Securing concrete quality bythe continuous measurementof bulk specific gravity forrecipe correction
• Display in bulk specificgravity, cyclone controlled bybulk specific gravity and
reduction in energy consumption
• Reduction in fresh waterconsumption and reduction
in costs
• Maintenance-free sensortechnology, e.g. scratch-proof
sapphire window and sensordesign with self-cleaning effect
• Very simple to install throughprecalibrated sensors
Slide 15
CONFIDENTIAL
Applications in waterworksTurbidity and Sludge Level Measurement
• Raw water monitoring
• Filter performance monitoring
• Filter backwashing control
• Pure water monitoring
Slide 17
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbidity
Ong Kar LeongSlide 18
Installation Examples ‒ Low Turbidity
Customer: Puncak Niaga, SSP2Location: Filtration PlantMeasurement:Settled Water TurbidityField mount CUM 253
CUS 31 installedin De-bubblingChamber.
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbidity
Ong Kar LeongSlide 19
Installation Examples ‒ Low Turbidity
Customer: Kuching Water BoardLocation: Analyzers RackMeasurement:Settled & FilteredWater Turbidity
CUS 31 installed inDe-bubbling Chamber.
Field mount CUM 253
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbidity
Ong Kar LeongSlide 20
Installation Examples ‒ Low Turbidity
Customer: Sibu Water BoardLocation: Filtration PlantMeasurement:Filtered Water Turbidity
CUM 253
CUS 31
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbidity
Ong Kar Leong
Slide 21
Installation Examples ‒ High Turbidity
Customer: Puncak Niaga, SSP2
Location: IntakeMeasurement:Raw Water Turbidity
Location: AeratorMeasurement:Inlet WaterTurbidity
FlowFit CUA 250
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbidity
Ong Kar LeongSlide 22
Installation Examples ‒ High Turbidity
Customer: JBA Pahang,Loji Air Tekam UtaraLocation: Analyzers RackMeasurement:Raw Water Turbidity
Panel mountCUM 223
CUS 31 immersed inStainless steelcontainer.
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbidity
Ong Kar Leong
Slide 23
Installation of turbidity sensor ‒ CUA 461
ProbfitCUA 461
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbimax CUS71D - How does it work?Turbimax CUS71D
E+H Conducta BkSlide 26
General Overview:
• The Turbimax CUS71D sensors generate an ultrasonicsound wave that propagates through a liquid medium andis reflected back from material that is present in thevessel.
• The sound wave travels at known velocities providing theability to convert elapsed time into range and levelmeasurements.
CONFIDENTIAL
Working PrincipleTurbimax CUS71D
E+H Conducta BkSlide 27
• Measurement technology hardware:
• Interface detection: liquid-solids, liquid-suspended solids, differentialliquids
• Transmit high frequency soundwave (657kHz), analyze return echo signal
• Interface typically characterized by greatest rate of change in density
Transducer
Tank BottomEcho
Sludge InterfaceEcho
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbimax CUS71D - Fit-for-purpose
Quality ofmeasurement Standard sensor Wiper sensor Wiper sensor
with turbidity
Measurementprinciple
underwater acousticecho-time measurement, single
6° full beam
underwater acousticecho-time measurement,
single 6° full beam
underwater acousticecho-time measurement,
single 6° full beam,90° scattered light, pulsed
LED, ambient compensated
Application clear water sedimentationtanks, secondary clarifier
primary and secondaryclarifier, sludge tanks
sequencing batch reactor(SBR), secondary clarifier
Measurementrange
0.3 . . . 10m1 . . . 32 ft
0.3 . . . 10m1 . . . 32 ft
0.3 . . . 10m1 . . . 32 ft
0 . . . 50 NTU
Resolution 0.03 m @ 3m 0.03 m @ 3m 0.03 m @ 3m1 NTU
Accuracy 0.035m @ 3 m 0.035m @ 3 m 0.035m @ 3 m1% of reading
Turbimax CUS71D
E+H Conducta BkSlide 28
CONFIDENTIAL
Application in WWTPTurbimax CUS71D
E+H Conducta BkSlide 29
Digester
Grit Removal
Waste Activated Sludge
Return Activated Sludge
Secondary Clarifier
Sand Removal
Pre Setting Basin
Aeration Basin
Thickener
CONFIDENTIAL
Turbimax CUS71D - ApplicationsTurbimax CUS71D
E+H Conducta BkSlide 30
• 95% Water & wastewater treatment
• Wastewater clarifiers: primary, secondary, final
• Wastewater thickeners: gravity, dissolved air flotation thickeners
• Water treatment: clarifiers, thickeners, raw water clarifiers,sedimentation basins, granular media filters
• 5% Industrial processes
• Chemical, power, pulp & paper, mineral processing,
• Raw water clarifiers, process thickeners, biological reactors (bio-filters)
CONFIDENTIAL
ApplicationsTurbimax CUS71D
E+H Conducta BkSlide 31
Sequencing batch reactor (SBR) Flotation process
Filterbed control Salt brine tanks
Sensor measure supply of salt(recharge of “ion exchange”after backwash)
Sensor is mounted“down side up”
Sensor measure foulingof filter(decreasing time at“backwash cycle” savestime and money (water))
Sludge interface andturbidity for pump controlwith on-line parameters(not only time)
CONFIDENTIAL
Liquiline CM442 - WWTPTurbimax CUS71D
E+H Conducta BkSlide 32
Examples of field test installations
02/24/2006INTERNAL
Dissolved Oxygen Measurement
Amperometric (electrochemical) Fluorescence quenching
Liquid Analysis Measurement in Oil and Gas
JeloSlide 2
02/24/2006INTERNAL
Amperometric : 3-electrode systemLiquid Analysis Measurement in Oil and Gas
JeloSlide 3
• Oxygen permeates through the membrane and isconverted to a current at Cathode.
Cathode : O2 is reduced to OH-
(O2+H2O+4e- = 4OH-)Anode : Electrolyte (Br or Cl) are reacting with
counter electrode forming AgBr or AgCl
• The formation of a AgBr or AgCl coating on the anodeuses up the Br or Cl
• This causes an increase in signal drift.
1
2 3
4
5
Solution -> Three-electrode system
• Current-free Reference Electrode.
• The change in bromide or chloride concentration isregistered by the reference electrode and an internalcontrol circuit holds the working electrode potentialconstant.
02/24/2006INTERNAL
Fluorescence Quenching (optical)
• A layer of marker molecules between the internaloptic and the process.
• From the process side, oxygen molecules in thegaseous phase can permeate into the layer.
• The optic sends out pulses of green light exciting themarker molecules. They respond with a redfluorescence light decaying over time which is alsomeasured by the optic.
• Oxygen molecules adapt to these marker moleculesand decrease (quench) the fluorescence lightemitted.
• The oxygen concentration is calculated based onduration time
Jeff LowSlide 4
02/24/2006INTERNAL
Comparison Amperometric and Optical DO-sensor
Peter LindmüllerSlide 5
Amperometric OpticalAccuracy high medium
Repeatability high medium
Response slow to medium fastTraceability high lowTrace measurement high lowLarge signal capability high low
Stability against H2S, NH3 low high
Maintenance 3…12 months 1 yearEasy to use medium high
02/24/2006INTERNAL
Liquiline CM44 and its Memosens
Conducta MarketingSlide 7
Digital sensors for liquid analysis by Endress+Hauser
CPS441DCPS491DCPS471DCPS11D
CPS41D CPS91DCPS71D CPF81D
pH/glass ORP
CPS12DCPS42D
CPS72D CPF82DCPS92D
COS22DCOS51D
Dissolved oxygen
COS61DCLS15DCLS21D
CLS16D
Conductivity
CLS50D
CAS40D
Nitrate/SAC
CAS51DUV/optical
Turbidity
CUS51Doptical
Chlorine
CCS142D
CUS71D
pH/ISFET ISE Sludge
02/24/2006INTERNAL
Dissolved Oxygen Sensor Portfolio
Oxymax COS22D Oxymax COS51D Oxymax COS61D
Measurement range 0.001 - 2mg/l;0.01 ‒ 20mg/l
0,01mg/l ‒100mg/l
0,01 - 20mg/l
Max. error ±1.25% of optimummeasuring range end
±1% of measuredvalue
±1% of measuredrange end
Repeatability ±1% of optimummeasuring range end
±1% of measuredvalue
±0.5% of measuredrange end
Temperature &Pressure
-5 to 135 °C1 - 12bar
Max 50 °CMax 10bar
-5 to 135 °C1 - 12bar
Application Food, Pharma,Fermentation,Process, Power
Water and wastewater
Water and waste water
Slide 8
02/24/2006INTERNAL
E+H Analysis
Slide 9
Installation of DO sensor
Installation position :
• Select the installation location so that there is easy access for calibration.
• Make sure that upright posts and assemblies are secured safely andvibration-free.
• For immersed operation in an activated sludge basin, select an installationlocation which produces a typical oxygen concentration.
02/24/2006INTERNAL
Maintenance Schedule
COS22D COS51D COS61DSchedule(regularinterval)
Cleaning +calibration
Cleaning +calibration
Cleaning
Calibration Every 3months tohalf year
Every 3months tohalf year
Exchangemembranecap andelectrolyte
Every halfyear to ayear
Every halfyear to ayear
Exchangeopticalsensing cap
Every twoyears
Slide 14
It highly depends on application
02/24/2006INTERNAL
DO
Ong KLSlide 16
Examples of Installation
Customer: Nestle, PJLocation: WWTP Aeration
Panel mountCOM 223
COS 41
02/24/2006INTERNAL
DO
Ong KL
Slide 17
Examples of Installation
Customer: UniqemaLocation: WWTP Aeration
Panel mountCOM 223
COS 41COS 31
02/24/2006INTERNAL
DO
Ong KLSlide 18
Examples of Installation
Customer: IWKLocation: PD STP
COS 41
Field mount COM 253
02/24/2006INTERNAL
DO
Ong KLSlide 19
Examples of Installation
Field mountCOM 253
OpticalCOS 61
Customer: United PaperBoard
Location: Aeration Tank
02/24/2006
Products Solutions Services
INTERNAL
Thank you very much for your attention
Slide 20 Jeff Low
09/07/2006
Products Solutions Services
Disinfection measurement
Free Chlorine, Total Chlorine and Chlorine dioxide
09/07/2006
Disinfection : Basic
Slide 3
• The disinfectant agent used must effectively kill off all bacteria in the water.
• It is added to the water in appropriate quantities ; the minimum and
maximum concentrations must be observed and monitored.
• Adherence to the applicable Official Regulations is mandatory.
• Disinfectant overdosing compromises the health of humans andanimals.
09/07/2006
Basic : Suitable Disinfectants
Slide 4
1. Free chlorine, Chlorine dioxideStrong disinfectants. Build up a depot of disinfectant, can be used fordistribution networks
2. OzoneAlso a strong disinfectant. Very agressive, needs special pipingmaterials. Needs to be consumed totally in the Ozone-reactor. Nocapability of depots, not suitable for distribution networks.
3. UVDisinfection in the pipe. No capability of build-up a depot. Nochemicals in the process.
4. Others (H2O2 etc.)Use of this disinfectants is reduced to some special applications in theindustry
09/07/2006
Liquiline CM44 and its Memosens
Conducta MarketingSlide 7
Definition of „Free available chlorine“
Disinfection agent
Chlorination
Free chlorine
Chlorine gas Cl2
Sodium hypochlorite NaOCl
Calcium hypochlorite Ca(OCl)2
Chlorine gas Cl2
Sodium hypochlorite NaOCl
Calcium hypochlorite Ca(OCl)2
Water H2OWater H2O
Cl2 +
dissolvedgaseouschlorine
pH<4
Cl2 +
dissolvedgaseouschlorine
pH<4
+
=HOCl + OCl¯
hypochlorous hypochloritacid ions
pH>4
HOCl + OCl¯
hypochlorous hypochloritacid ions
pH>4
09/07/2006
Liquiline CM44 and its Memosens
Conducta MarketingSlide 8
Definition of „Combined chlorine“
Nitric compounds
Combined chlorine
Chlorgas Cl2
Natriumhypochlorit NaOCl
Calziumhypochlorit Ca(OCl)2
Chlorgas Cl2
Natriumhypochlorit NaOCl
Calziumhypochlorit Ca(OCl)2
pH 7,0...7,4: e.g. Ammonia NH4+pH 7,0...7,4: e.g. Ammonia NH4+
NH2Cl +
mono-chloramine
pH 7...11
NH2Cl +
mono-chloramine
pH 7...11
+
=NHCl2 + NCl3
di- tri-chloramine chloramine
pH 4...7
NHCl2 + NCl3
di- tri-chloramine chloramine
pH 4...7
Cl2 +
dissolvedgaseouschlorine
pH<4
Cl2 +
dissolvedgaseouschlorine
pH<4
HOCl + OCl¯
hypochlorous hypochloriteacid ions
pH>4
HOCl + OCl¯
hypochlorous hypochloriteacid ions
pH>4
Free chlorine
09/07/2006
Liquiline CM44 and its Memosens
Conducta MarketingSlide 9
Definition of „Total chlorine“
Combined Chlorine
Chlorgas Cl2
Natriumhypochlorit NaOCl
Calziumhypochlorit Ca(OCl)2
Chlorgas Cl2
Natriumhypochlorit NaOCl
Calziumhypochlorit Ca(OCl)2
total chlorinetotal chlorine
+NH2Cl +
mono-chloramine
pH 7...11
NH2Cl +
mono-chloramine
pH 7...11
NHCl2 + NCl3
di- tri-chloramine chloramine
pH 4...7
NHCl2 + NCl3
di- tri-chloramine chloramine
pH 4...7
Cl2 +
dissolvedgaseouschlorine
pH<4
Cl2 +
dissolvedgaseouschlorine
pH<4
HOCl + OCl¯
hypochlorous hypochloriteacid ions
pH>4
HOCl + OCl¯
hypochlorous hypochloriteacid ions
pH>4
=
Free chlorine
09/07/2006
Influence of pH Value on free Chlorine Measurement
Slide 11
Dissociation of HOCl (freeactive chlorine) in waterinto OCl- and H+ as afunction of the pH value.
At pH values of 4...5.5exclusively HOCl ispresent, at pH values >9.5exclusively the little activeOCl-.
The dissociation istemperature-dependent.
HOCl OCl-
pH
09/07/2006
Chlorine : Amperometric
Membrane
Cathode (Gold)
Anode (Ag)
Electrolyte
Chlorine• Reaction at the working electrode
HOCl + 2 e- Cl- +OH-
• Reaction at the counter-electrode2 Ag + 2 Cl- 2 AgCl + 2 e-
Liquid Analysis Measurement in Oil and Gas
JeloSlide 12
1
3
2
4
1
2
34
09/07/2006
Liquiline CM44 and its Memosens
Conducta MarketingSlide 14
Digital sensors for liquid analysis by Endress+Hauser
CPS441DCPS491DCPS471DCPS11D
CPS41D CPS91DCPS71D CPF81D
pH/glass ORP
CPS12DCPS42D
CPS72D CPF82DCPS92D
COS22DCOS51D
Dissolved oxygen
COS61DCLS15DCLS21D
CLS16D
Conductivity
CLS50D
CAS40D
Nitrate/SAC
CAS51DUV/optical
Turbidity
CUS51Doptical
Chlorine
CCS142D
CUS71D
pH/ISFET ISE Sludge
09/07/2006
• Free Chlorine measurementwith pH compensation
Liquid Analysis Measurement in Oil and Gas
JeloSlide 15
09/07/2006
Maintenance Guideline
Slide 17
• Maintenance at regular intervals• Cleaning• Exchange the membrane and refill with electrolyte quarterly• Perform calibration with DPD method