Memory Systems - Ulsan

Ch. 24.Memory Systems

Bear et al., Neuroscience: Exploring the Brain, 3rd ed., Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2006, pp 726-759.

TYPES OF MEMORY AND AMNESIADeclarative and nondeclarative memoryDeclarative memory: memory for facts and events; easily formed and easily forgotten;

available for conscious recollectionNondeclarative memory: for behavior, response and emotion; formed by repetition and

practice over a long period; not easily forgottenprocedural memory: for skills, habits and behaviorsclassical conditioning

Bear et al., Neuroscience: Exploring the Brain, 3rd ed., Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2006, p 727.

Long-term and short-term memory

Long-term memory: you can recall days, months, or years after they were storedShort-term memory: last on the order of seconds to hours and are vuluerable to disruption

Memory consolidation: A process by which memories are stored in short-term memory and gradually converted into a permanent form.


Amnesia: a serious loss of memory can be caused by head trauma or electroconvulsive shock

Retrograde amnesia: memory loss for events prior to traumaAnterograde amnesia: inability to form new memories after trauma

Transient global amnesia (짧은기간동안총체적기억상실):A sudden onset of anterograde amnesia lasts only for a period of minutes to days, which usually caused by a reduced blood supply to the brain.


THE SEARCH FOR THE ENGRAM (Engram=memory trace=location of memory)

Lashley’s studies of maze learning in rats

Success or fail of maze performance:depends on size of lesion, but not onspecific area of lesion.


Hebb and the cell assembly

The internal representation of an object consists ofall of the cortical cells that are activated by the external stimulus.

Cell assembly: group of simultaneously active neurons


Localization of declarative memories in the neocortex

Studies in monkey


Studies in humans


THE TEMPORTAL LOBES AND DECLARATIVE MEMORY

The effects of temporal lobectomy

Klüver-Bucy syndromePsychic blindness

H.M.seizureTemporal lobectomyMinor retrograde amnesiaextreme anterograde amnesia

(declarative memory loss:procedural memory intact)


The medial temporal lobes and memory processing

Papez circuit


Information flow through the medial temporal lobe

An animal model of human amnesia

Delayed non-match sample (DNMS) taskEffect of medial temporal lesions on DNMS performance


The diencephalon and memory processing

Anterior nuclei in the thalamusDorsomedial nuclei in the thalamusMammillary body in the hypothalamus

Components of the diencephalon involved in memory


Memory functions of the hippocampusThe effects of hippocampal lesions in rats

Radial arm maze

Working memory:The retention of information needed to guide ongoing behaviors

Hippocampal lesion:working memory loss


Place cells: specific neurons that are activated when an animal is in specific place fields.

Bear et al., Neuroscience: Exploring the Brain, 2nd ed., Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2001, p 762.

Spatial memory, working memory, and relational memory

Relational memory: storage of memories in a manner that ties togethera key feature of declarative memory storage

Bear et al., Neuroscience: Exploring the Brain, 2nd ed., Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2001, pp 764-5.

THE STRIATUM AND PROCEDURAL MEMORY

Rodent recordings and lesions in the striatum

Standard maze declarative memory test: degraded by hippocampus lesionConditioned maze procedural memory test: degraded by striatum lesion

ex) habit


Habit learning in humans and nonhuman primates


THE NEOCORTEX AND WORKING MEMORYThe prefrontal cortex and working memory


Wisconsin card sorting testPatients with prefrontal lesions have difficulty on this task when the sorting category is changed

they have difficulty using recent information (working memory loss)

Bear et al., Neuroscience: Exploring the Brain, 2nd ed., Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2001, pp 770-1.

Lateral intraparietal cortex (area LIP) and working memory

Delayed period


Memory Systems - Ulsan

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