Mellss yr 4 forensic defence, hesitation, self inflicted and fabricated injuries

DEFENCE, HESITATION,

SELF-INFLICTED AND FABRICATED

INJURIESAMALINA AMINUDDIN BAKI082012100067

Defence injury • Wounds sustained by a victim while

trying to defend himself from an attack by raising his hands, or attempting to wrest the weapon away from the assailant

• Importance?

321

Defence injury • Common sites?• Type of injury ?

• More common in: 20-40 years old Left side

Hesitation Injuries• Multiple, shallow ,non- fatal• Gather courage before the final fatal act• Seen under clothing

Hesitation cuts • Aka exploratory cuts,

feeler strokes or tentative cuts

• Repeated horizontal, parallel, shallow, half-hearted cuts

• Merges with main wound

• Site?

Hesitation Stab• Uncommon• Mid chest• Multiple minimal

penetration

Hesitation Shot• Aka flinch shot• Shots fired away from body

or on non- fatal parts of body

Fabricated injury

• Fabricated, fictitious, forged or invented injury• Wounds which may be: – produced by a person on his own body (self

inflicted), – caused by another person with his consent (self-

suffered).

Self- inflicted injury • Injury done

by a person to his own body

• History• Injury– Superficial, no defence injury–More than situation described– Accessible parts

Fabricated injury • Done to a person’s body with

the consent of the person by another person

• Any type of injury possible

Reference • VV Pillay, Textbook of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, 15th edition• M.I. Sheikh, P. Pranav, K. Vijay, Defense wounds in homicidal

deaths ,JIAFM, 31 (1) (2009)• Mohanty M.K., Panigrahi M.K. et al- Self Defence Injuries in Homicidal

Deaths; JFLM 2007: 14 (4): 213-215• Suicidal and homicidal sharp force injury: a 5 year retrospective ‐

comparative study of hesitation marks and defense wounds. Forensic Sci Med Pathol 4:221-227

• Anil Aggrawal, APC Textbook of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology• https://www.aerzteblatt.de/pdf/DI/103/40/a2627e.pdf• Dr. R.K.Gorea ,Dr. J.Gargi ,A.D.Aggarwal ,incidence and pattern of

fabricated injuries, PAFMAT Volume 7(2), 2007