END OF FEEDING TRIAL REPORT FOR THE ASESSEMENT OF THE FFECT OF SWEETPOTATO VINES SILAGE ON LACTATING ANKOLE X FRESIAN CROSS BRED DAIRY COWS BY 1 Nampijja Z.; 1 Lutwama V.; 2 Kyalo, G.; 2 Mayanja S.; 3 Grant F.; 4 Kabirizi J.; 5 Namagembe A.; 6 Lugoloobi S.; 6 Wasswa R. and 1 Galla N.A 1 Makerere University, Uganda; 2 International Potato Centre (CIP), Uganda; 3 CIP- Tanzania; 4 Kyakuwa Farm, Uganda; 5 National Livestock Resources Research Institute, Uganda; 6 Sight Farm, Nakyesasa, Wakiso district;
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END OF FEEDING TRIAL REPORT FOR THE ASESSEMENT OF THE FFECT OF
SWEETPOTATO VINES SILAGE ON LACTATING ANKOLE X FRESIAN CROSS
Diets D0, D10, D20 and D30 had sweetpotato vine silage at 0, 10, 20 and 30% levels, respectively. a,b Means within
a row with different superscripts differ significantly (P < 0.05). SEM = Standard error of the mean.
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Cost of supplementation
The cost of feeding increased with levels of supplementation which resulted into negative profits
at higher SPVS supplementation (Table 7). On the other hand, additional income due to
supplementation increased at D10 and thereafter decreased with incremental SPVS
supplementation levels. The most profitable level of supplementation was achieved when diet
D10 was fed.
Table 7: Economics of supplementing dairy cows with varying levels of SPVS
Diets
Cost of
supplementation
Increase in milk
yield Additional income Profit
D0 0 0 0 0
D10 1410 1.8 2700 1290
D20 2820 1.5 2250 -570
D30 4230 1.6 2400 -1830
Cost of producing SPVS is Ushs 235/kg and price of milk is Ushs 1500/liter
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Discussion The recorded crude protein content (194g/kg) in this study was higher than what was earlier reported (Khalid et al. 2013, Negesse et al. 2016, Lutwama et al. 2016). These variations are attributable to difference in varieties, foliage to stem ratio and part of the vines that are being ensiled (Aregheore, 2004; Zereu et al. 2014). The dry matter level of 226g/kg in SPVS is within the range reported by (Murugan et al. 2012). The high CP and dry matter levels reported in this study therefore makes SPVS a good feed resource and supplement for diets with limiting protein (Nambi-Kasozi et al. 2016).
Dry matter intake as a percentage of body weight was lowest in cows fed diet D0 possibly due to either rumen fill or limitation of intake as a result of low palatability of the Rhodes grass hay. Dry matter intake and digestibility of the diets increased with supplementation level due to the increase in organic matter digestibility contributed by the SPVS. High In vitro organic matter digestibility of SPVS subsequently improves intake of the basal diet to enhance rumination and raise the rumen pH. These observations are in agreement with Megersa et al. 2012; Ali et al. (2019)
The observed loss of average body weight over the feeding period despite the increasing ME values as the supplementation levels were increased is in agreement with what was earlier reported by Gross et al. (2011). These observations are due to the DMI, milk yield and body weight changes which usually occur in the first phase (4 months) of lactation in primiparous cattle. The weight loss could probably be attributed to a potential negative energy balance or taken as a normal phenomenon in premiparous lactating cows that are experiencing increasing levels of milk yield (Poncheki et al., 2015).
Milk yield was higher and similar in cows fed the different SPVS supplementation levels. This result is due to increased DMI intake hence more nutrient ingestion and nitrogen utilization with increasing SPVS supplementation (Ali et al. 2019). Butter fat content improved with SPVS supplementation though there were no consistent results within levels of supplementation. This can be as a result of increasing levels of fibrous material in the diets known to balance the acetate to propionate levels in the rumen liquor as acetate is a major milk fat precursor ( Kawas and Mahgoub, 2005).
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Conclusion and recommendation
From this study it can be concluded that SPVS can be used to improve the quality of feed, feed
intake, productivity and quality of milk and profitability as well as buffering the feed shortages
among smallholder dairy farming communities. Sweet potato vine silage has a high crude protein
content which makes it a suitable supplement for lactating dairy animals being fed protein
deficient diets. Supplementing lactating dairy animals with up to 10% SPVS increases body
weight gain and milk yield resulting into a profitable dairy enterprise. Supplementing dairy
animals beyond 10% of the daily feed intake would increase milk yield and body weight but
would not be cost effective.
Farmers should produce SPVS and supplement the basal diet at 10% in order to enjoy the
following benefits;
• An improvement on the nutritional content of the animal diet,
• An increase in milk yield which translates into increased profits,
• Sustaining milk production through the dry spells, periods of feed scarcity and,
• Maintaining the body condition scores of the animals
Acknowledgements
The study was supported by the International Potato Center (CIP), conducted by Bavubuka
Twekembe youths and Kyakuwa Farm and hosted by Sight farm.
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