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Boron Industry
Basic Indrustrial Processes
Prof. Dr. smail PEKER
Mehmet Eri14.12.2005
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Contents
Properties of BoronBoron Minerals
Uses of Boron
Products of Turkey
BOREN (National Research Institute of
Boron)
Current and planned near future uses of
Boron in Turkey
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Boron
Boron was discovered by Joseph Gay-
Lussac and Louis Thnard, French
chemists, and independently by Sir
Humphry Davy, a British chemist, in 1808
The name comes from the Arabic word
buraq, "white."
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Boron
Boron is a hard, brittle semi_metallic
element.
Chemical Symbol : B
Atomic number : 5
Atomic weight : 10.81
Melting Point : 2348 KBoiling Point : 4273 K
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Chemical Properties of Boron
Boron is one of the simplest of atoms.
The only simpler ones are hydrogen,
helium, lithium and beryllium.
Boron has chemical symbol B, atomic
number 5, and occurs naturally as 80%B11 and 20% B10.
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Chemical Properties of Boron
The latter isotope has a high cross section for thermal
neutron absorption, 3800 barns.
Thermal neutron counters are often filled with BF3 gas.
The gamma ray from the neutron capture reaction
B10(n,-)B11* followed by decay of the B11* to an plus
Li7 produces ionization which is then detected.
Boron is also used in reactor control rods. This is a
nuclearproperty of boron, and has nothing at all to do
with its chemistry. The atomic weight of boron is 10.81.
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Boron Minerals
Boron does not occur in nature as free element,
Crude borax occurs in nature as a mineral withassociated clay and other impurities.
There are over 200 naturally occuring boroncontaining minerals but the most commerciallyimportant and frequently traded minerals (salts,known as borates) are
tincal colemanite, ulexite and kernite.
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Valuable Boron Minerals
Source: Ulusal Bor Aratrma Enstits
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Turkey largest producer of boron
ore in the world.
Important boron minerals of Turkey's are tincal,
colemanite and ulexite.
Boron minerals contain different amount of B2O3
in their structures.The important factor for industrial application of
boron minerals are B2O3content, so they can
replace each other in use .
This means that one boron mineral can be trade
competiter the other one.
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Turkey largest producer of boron
ore in the world.
Boron minerals can be used in some sectors in
the industry as crude minerals.
In general, their applications after refining and
end-products are wider than crude ones.Borates find use in a different sectors, however
the principal markets are: Agriculture, detergents
and soaps, flame retardants,glass, glazes, frits ,
enamels and insulation.
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Boron Reserves
In the world, Turkey, USA and Russia have the important
boron mines. In terms of total reserve basis,
Turkey has a share of %64
The other important country USA is %9.Total world boron reserves on the basis of B2O3content
are 363 million tons proven.
522 million tones probable and possible, as a total of 885
million tons.With a share of %64, Turkey has a total boron reserves
of 563 million tons on the basis of B2O3content.
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Boron Reserves
* Source: Eti Holding
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Borax
Molten borax reacts with metal oxides to form boratesthat dissolve in the melt, so it is a useful as a weldingand soldering flux, and in colored enamels for iron.
In fact, this was the earliest use of borax, as a pottery
glaze.This same property is used for borax bead tests inchemistry, where the characteristic colors produced in atransparent borax drop melted on a loop of platinum wirein a bunsen burner flame are observed. Blue, for
example, is the color of cobalt; green, of chromium. Thecolor can differ in oxidizing (blue) and reducing (yellow)flames.
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Boron Uses
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Boron Uses
Boron minerals can be used in some
sectors in the industry as crude minerals.
In general, their applications after refining
and end-products are wider than crudeones. Boron minerals, borates and
compounds have a very wide range of
applications
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Agriculture
Agriculture-Essential micronutrient for all
plant
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Detergents and Soaps
Act as pH buffer
Soften the Washing water borax, Na2B4O7.10H2O is a water
softener in washing powders
Enhance the solubility of otheringredients
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Detergents and Soaps
Act as a gentle but powerful
bleaching agent
boron compounds show
promise in treating arthritis
Anti-bacterial properties
eliminate micro organisms
boric, or boracic, acid, is
used as a mild antiseptic
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Ceramic Glazes and Enamel Frits
Provide good fluxing properties
Provide a good base for dissolving
colouring agents.
boron compounds are extensively used in the
manufacture of enamels and borosilicate
glasses
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Insulation Fibreglass
Reduce the temperature at which fibres
are formed.
Improve the durability of the glass fibres
Reduce the viscositry of the molten glass.
Increase the biosolubility of the glass
fibres.
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Timber Preservation
Prevent and control the spread of bacteria.
Inhibit corrosion.
Act as flame retardant
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Flame Retardants
Enhance the performance of alumina
trihydrate
Effective as flame retardants
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Nuclear Power Stations
Absorb thermal neutrons
Used to control nuclear reaction
Used in nuclear shielding.
10B is used as a control for nuclearreactors, as a shield for nuclear
radiation, and in instruments used for
detecting neutrons
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Metallurgy
Used as cover fluxes
Dissolve and remove un wanted metal
oxides as slag
borax, Na2B4O7.10H2O, is a cleansing flux in
welding
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LubricantRocket Fuels
Lubricant
boron nitride is as hard as diamond. It behaves like anelectrical insulator, but conducts heat like a metal. It alsohas lubricating properties similar to graphite
Rocket Fuels
the hydrides are sometimes used as rocket fuels
amorphous boron is used in pyrotechnic flares(distinctive green colour), and rockets (as an igniter)
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Aerospace
Aerospace
boron filaments, a high-strength, lightweight
material, are used for advanced aerospace
structures, .
lightweight compounds used for aerospace
structures
Fiberoptic
boron filaments used in fibre optics research
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Other Uses
Glass,
Magnets
Automobile airbags
Photography
Adhesives
Insect Poison
Boric Acid is also used in North America forthe control of cockroaches, silverfish, ants,fleas, and other insects.
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Products of Turkey
Eti Mine
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Boron Products
Bigadi ColemaniteGround Colemanite
Kestelek Colemanite
Hisarck ColemaniteEspey Colemanite
Tincal
Ulexite
Borax DH
Borax PH
ETBOR-48ETBOR-68Boric Acid
Sodium Perborate
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National Research Institute
of Boron
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Foundation
BOREN (National Research Institute of Boron)
is founded with the aim of
Providing necessary scientific environment in order to
widespread usage boron products and technologies,development and increase production of boron products
Providing support, and coordinating any commercial
or governmental organizations researchs.
Institute is related organization of Ministry ofEnergy and Natural Resources.
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Boron Uses in Turkish
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Near Future Uses
Agriculture
Wood Emprenye Works
Isolation purposed construction materialChimney and building isolation
Textile and paper industries
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Kaynaklar
National Boron Research Institute
www.boren.gov.tr
University of Denverwww.du.edu/~jcalvert/phys/boron.htm
Eti Mine Works
www.etimaden.gov.tr
http://www.boren.gov.tr/http://www.du.edu/~jcalvert/phys/boron.htmhttp://www.etimaden.gov.tr/http://www.etimaden.gov.tr/http://www.du.edu/~jcalvert/phys/boron.htmhttp://www.boren.gov.tr/8/13/2019 Mehmet Eris
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Thanks for your interest