Meeting with TUM 06/18/22 P. Petagna – LHC Detector Upgrades: Cooling Visit of the President of the Munich Technical University LHC DETECTOR UPGRADES: COOLING Paolo Petagna (CERN PH/DT) • The Present ATLAS and CMS Trackers • Upgrade Challenges in Mechanical Engineering • Detector Cooling Peculiarities • Main R&D Issues on Cooling
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Meeting with TUM 1/5/2016P. Petagna – LHC Detector Upgrades: Cooling Visit of the President of the Munich Technical University LHC DETECTOR UPGRADES: COOLING.
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Meeting with TUM 04/21/23 P. Petagna – LHC Detector Upgrades: Cooling
Visit of the President of the Munich Technical University
LHC -> SLHC (2017-18?) -> Complete upgrade of the ATLAS & CMS Trackers (« phase II »)10 – 20 x track density : increase granularity10 x irradiation level : decrease temperatureReduce material budget : minimze power densities
Note: whatever stays in the Experimental Cavern must be- radiation tolerant- magnetic field tolerant
Meeting with TUM 04/21/23 P. Petagna – LHC Detector Upgrades: Cooling
Detector Cooling Peculiarities II: System Complexity
CMS TK cooling lines at/from distribution rack
Arrival/departure of ATLAS ID services inside the experiment
Meeting with TUM 04/21/23 P. Petagna – LHC Detector Upgrades: Cooling
Detector Cooling Peculiarities III: Geometrical Complexity and Mass Minimization
Layout optimization for physics rules, cooling adapts (up to wich level?)
Space optimization and need for “transparency”Impose minimization of pipe diameters and wall thickness
Different geometrical arrangements require very different local thermal management solutions
Meeting with TUM 04/21/23 P. Petagna – LHC Detector Upgrades: Cooling
• Thermal contacts and joining techniques
• High thermal conductivity materials
• Pipe materials, joining and connections
• Leak measurements
• In-situ leak repair
• Instrumentation & diagnostic tooling
• Thermal modelling
• … more !?
R&D Issues on Cooling I
Meeting with TUM 04/21/23 P. Petagna – LHC Detector Upgrades: Cooling
Extremely good thermal propertiesNon toxic / Non aggressiveCheapLong-term availableEnvironmental friendlyPoorly activated
R&D Issues on Cooling II
Choice of cooling strategy for upgrades
LIQUID Perfluorocarbon (CnF2n+2)
EVAPORATIVE
Perfluorocarbon (CnF2n+2)
Other refrigerant (or mixture)
CO2
Meeting with TUM 04/21/23 P. Petagna – LHC Detector Upgrades: Cooling
Extremely poor forecast possibility exists today for HIGH PRESSURE two-phase flows: even the most recent and successful models, like the “3-zones model” proposed by Consolini and Thome, providing relatively good forecast for HTC and p of low pressure refrigerants, performs rather poorly on CO2 and other refrigerant at high pressure. Experimental data are missing, in particular in “mini-channels” and in long channels of large cross section.
A R&D collaboration is presently being organized between CERN (CRYOLAB and PH Dept.) and external partners. At the moment
these include EPFL and University of Esslingen
R&D Issues on Cooling III
Physics of High-Pressure Two-Phase Flows
Meeting with TUM 04/21/23 P. Petagna – LHC Detector Upgrades: Cooling
R&D Issues on Cooling IV
Planned to have a standardized complete design (including controls) of a reproducible CO2 cooling unit (say around 2 kW refrigerating power) in 1-2 years from now to be used as standard test unit for all partners and as scalable prototype for upgrade installation.
•Choice of the best suited thermodynamic cycle•Choice of the components•“Rackability”•Reliability•Control strategy
CERN (PH Dept, Cryolab, EN Dept)NIKHEF (Amsterdam)SLAC (Berkeley)FNAL (Chicago)…OTHERS?
Meeting with TUM 04/21/23 P. Petagna – LHC Detector Upgrades: Cooling
Process modeling and dynamic simulation(Collaboration with Université Joseph Fourier Grenoble)
R&D Issues on Cooling V
Provide a basic model to study the steady state design• Component tests and Prototype
• Optimization of the components by data taking on the prototype• Improved off-line model design
Provide a reliable model to study the dynamic performances and risks• Control system design
– Process: PLC and SCADA deployment, control logic production– Simulation steps
• Virtual commissioning of the whole control system Ensure the quality of the source code before its implementation on the real plant• Commissioning and operation
– Process: validate the plant before its long-term operation– Simulation steps:
• Model calibration and Operator training• Development of operation facilities (decision, troubleshooting, diagnostics, control, …)
Improve the performances and the reliability of the control system, Improve efficiency in front of unforeseen situation understanding