Mediterranean Sea Black Sea Caspian Sea Volga River Dnieper River Danube River Nile River Baltic Sea Pyrenees Mts Alps Mts Caucasus Mts Egypt Greece Spain Persia Syri a Asia Minor Constantin ople Rome Venic e Baghdad Cair o Damascus Jerusal em Granada Cordoba Tours Medina Mecca Kie v Moscow Novgoro d Byzantine Empire, AD 1100 Seljuk Empire, AD 1100 Early (Kievan) Russia, AD 1100
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Justinian’s wife Theodora was VERY influential during his reignWanted to improve the social standing of women; urged Justinian to give women more rights
*Justinian & Theodora
*Military Expansion
Belisarius:Peasant with little military experienceFriend of Theodora’sEventually appointed general of the Byzantine army
*Belisarius
*Nika Rebellion
Violent riot Occurred in Constantinople at the Hippodrome½ the city burned or destroyedThousands of people killed
When the taxpayers revolted Justinian wanted to flee Theodora advised against this course of actionJustinian stayed & with the Belasarius’ help his army crushed the rebels
*Belisarius & Expansion
In addition, Belisarius fought a series of wars against the Vandals, Ostrogoths & VisigothsThe Byzantines conquered these Germanic groups and extended their rule in the west
*War!!!!!
*Conflict in the Church
*Conflict in the ChurchDuring the 8th century a
church controversy arose over the use of icons (religious images) in worshipEastern church (Constantinople) vs. Western church (Rome)
*Conflict in the Church
In AD 726 Emperor Leo III ordered the removal of all icons Believed that they encouraged superstition & the worship of idolsSupporters known as iconoclasts, or icon breakers
Church officials resisted the Emperor’s demands & were supported by the Roman PopeResulted in an argument over the true source of religious authorityEastern church or western church? *Conflict in
the Church
*Conflict in the Church
The Pope, in Rome, claimed that he was the supreme leader of churchThe Patriarch, in Constantinople, claimed that he was the supreme leader of the church
*Conflict in the Church
This controversy eventually resulted in a schism (separation) in 1054Roman Catholic Church in the West & Eastern Orthodox Church in the East
*And Finally…
*Justinian’s Accomplishments
Expanded the EmpireJustinian’s CodeThe Hagia SophiaHelped spread ChristianityIncreased women's’ rights
*Decline of Empire
*The Plague of Justinian:
*In the worst year of the plague, 10,000 people died every day
*Destroyed a huge % of the empire’s population
*Decline of Empire
*Foreign Invasions:
*Attacks from the Avars, Slavs, Bulgars and Persians
*GREATLY weakened the empire
*Fall of ConstantinopleOttoman Turks from central
Asia attacked the Eastern provincesAD 1453 - Ottomans laid siege to ConstantinopleConstantinople fell…