Medieval Revival
Dec 30, 2015
Middle Ages: General Timeline
476 C.E.Fall of Rome
1066 C.E.Norman
invasion of Britain
1095-1291C.E. Crusades
1306-1321 Dante’s Divine
Comedy
1386 C.E.Chaucer begins writing
Canterbury Tales
1337-1453100 Years War
France & England
1455 C.E.Printing Press
1517Protestant
Reformation
Beowulf Composed sometimebetween
850 C.E. 900 C.E. 1453Fall of
Byzantine Empire with invasion of Ottoman
Turks
306 C.E.Constantine comes to power in Eastern Roman Empire; beginning of Byzantine Empire
1347 Bubonic Plague
450 C.E.Anglo-Saxons invade
England
1375-1400 Sir Gawain &
Green Knight
Reduction in Violence
• Magyars defeated in 955 and began to settle in Hungary
• Infighting among Muslims
• Vikings simply stop marauding and settle down
Agricultural Revolution
• Improvement in climate
• Three field system• New technologies
– Carruca (iron plow)– New yoke and
harness system for draft animals
• Windmills• Watermills
Agricultural Revolution
• Better farming led to more crops
• More food led to population growth
• Population growth increased town growth
Population Increase• Birth rate up/Death rate down• European-wide population explosion
– 1100 AD = 42 million people– 1300 AD = 72 million people– Population of England, Scotland and
Wales tripled to 5 – 6 million– Population of France grew to 20 million– London – 70,000– Florence, Milan, Venice – 100,000– Paris – 200,000
Population Increase
• No major famines or plagues between 1000-1200 AD
• More people for the lords to tax
Revival of Town Life• “Burg” and
“Ghetto”• Overcrowded
– Air & water pollution
– Begging– Prostitution– Law enforcement
• Guilds – regulation of businesses
• Great differences in social classes
Revival of Town Life
• By 1300, 10% of the population of western Europe lived in cities
• Towns were centers for reemerging long distance trade
Revival of Long Distance Trade
• Medieval Guilds –opposed to trade
• Development of contracts
• Development of banking
Rise of the Medieval University
• Knowledge transferred from Church to Universities– Trivium – grammar,
logic, rhetoric– Quadremmium –
arithmetic, astronomy, geometry, music
• Medical Schools
Religious Reform
• Crusades• Inquisition• Pope Innocent
calls the Fourth Lateran Council in 1215– 4th Crusade– Heretics– No new
denominations– No marriage
outside church
France• Philip Augustus (French)
attacked King John (English) and won French lands back.
• Philip the Fair – created a national assembly called the Estates General.– First Estate: the church– Second Estate: the nobility– Third Estate: the
townspeople
England
• The “Domesday Book” (1086)
• Henry II conquered part of Ireland and made the King of Scotland his vassal
Magna Carta
• King John got greedy, so his nobles revolted.
• They forced him to sign The Magna Carta.– Limited the power of the King.– Provided protection of law to everyone.– Guaranteed trial by jury.– No taxation without representation.
• Became the basis for modern English and American law.