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Medieval Ceramics
VOLUME 25, 2001
MedievalCeramics
VOLUME25,2001
JOURNAL OF THE MEDIEVAL POTTERY RESEARCH GROUP
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Medieval
Ceramics
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THIS JOURNAL was conceived to meet the need for an annualpublication devoted to all aspects of pottery studies from theEarly Saxon to the Post-Medieval period, including theoretical,methodological and analytical aspects of pottery research. Anannual conference is held (usually in May) and meetings ofregional groups take place at more frequent intervals. The
Medieval Pottery Research Group has many Continental memberswhose work overlaps with that of British members.Medieval
Ceramics welcomes offers of appropriate articles on all aspects ofceramic research for publication. Notes for contributors are givenoverleaf.
All general correspondence concerned with the Medieval PotteryResearch Group should be sent to The Secretary, MPRG, c/oMuseum of London Specialist Services, Mortimer Wheeler House,46 Eagle Wharf Road,London N1 7ED
MEMBERSHIPAll applications for membership, subscriptions and orders forMedieval Ceramics should be sent to The Treasurer, MPRG, at thesame address.
SUBSCRIPTION RATESIndividual 20Institutional 25
The MPRG is a registered charity, No. 1018513
Copyright Individual authors
ISSN 1358-2496
The MPRG is grateful for financial support for this volume fromBeverley Nenk, Sarah Jennings, Julie Edwards, English Heritage,GUARD, Historic Scotland, MOLAS, the John Wheelwright Societyand the Marc Fitch Fund
The cover design by Graham Reed shows a Chinese export porcelaindish, early 17th century, with typical kraak border (Black, thisvolume).
Published by The Medieval Pottery Research Group
Designed and typeset by Sue Cawood/MOLAS
and printed by Short Run Press Ltd, Exeter.
Medieval
Ceramics
VOLUME 25
2001
EDITORS
Jacqueline Pearce and Lucy Whittingham
Museum of London Specialist Services
ASSISTANT EDITOR
Jennie Stopford
English Heritage
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Medieval Ceramics
Papers
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B2 Flanged rims. Only a few have
straight-forward nearly horizontal
forms, most flanges being very sloping
and devolved with an internal rib. This
type is the commonest form. A few are
hollowed.
21. Pink, slightly darkened outside,
with a little internal glaze, [674].
Similar but dark grey, [902].
22. Flanged rim with slight hollowing
and pointed top.Pink with dark core,
[428].
23. Flanged with square finish. Pinkwith dark core, [460].
24. Flanged rim with internal rib; dark
grey core and internal surface, buff
outside,[1059];similar [946], [632],
[632] buff-pink.
25. Internal rib with raised outer rim;
coarse gritty fabric, pink-buff surfaces
with darkened exterior, [222]; similar
[267].
26. Buff inside, darkened outside,
internal green glaze on the base,
[1229]; similar forms were found in
[956], [978] pink buff throughout,
[549], [632] buff.
27,28. Two rims with a flange of
triangular section, buff inside,
darkened outside, both from [904];
similar [890], [597], [476].
11
Medieval pottery from Forehill, Ely, Cambridgeshire
10
MEDIEVAL CERAMICS
Fig. 3 Ely Ware bowls, form B2. Scale 1:4
Decorated forms of B2
29. Round stab holes, dark core all
surfaces buff,[1269]. Similar forms but
with squarer rim sections from [632]
(2),[675],slashed holes [1270],plus
[730] that is rounded and decorated
with slashed holes.30. Pink buff surfaces,small holes,
[755]. Similar decoration was found at
Kings Lynn, called Grimston Software,
mainly in Period I which finished in
1250, cf. Clarke and Carter (1977), fig.
70 no.22; fig.90 nos.7, 8, 10.Variants
of Ely forms came from [1130/2],
[622], [383], [391]; also slashed holes
from [1270],[280] pink surfaces.
31. Buff,[1071]; small hole type as no.
30.
32. Simple everted rim with round
holes, [1464]; similar from [1452].
Wavy lines
33. Flanged rim bowl with wavy line
decoration on upper part of the rim,
hole made after firing [681]; similar
from [534].Fig. 4 Ely Ware bowls, form B2, decorated. Scale 1:4
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A medieval pottery clamp kiln, possible workshop and settlement at Eshott, NorthumberlandMEDIEVAL CERAMICS
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3938
11. Fabric 1, type H. Wheel throwing
marks on interior and exterior.
Probably wet slip.Kiln waste, Context
[10], Phase 1.
12. Fabric 1,type H. Badly eroded. Kiln
waste, Context [8], Phase 1.
13. Fabric 1,type H. Badly eroded.Unidentifiable deposit under rim.
Context [29], Phase 2.
14. Fabric 1,type H. Slip applied,well
finished. One glaze spot. Context [25],
Phase 2.
15. Fabric 1, type D.Badly eroded.
Ditch fill,Context [25],Phase 2.
16. Fabric 1, type D.Light red slip
evident on exterior. One glaze spot.
Kiln waste,Context [10],Phase 1.17. Fabric 1, type D. Badly eroded.Kiln
waste, Context [10], Phase 1.
18. Fabric 1, type D.Wheel marks
evident. Traces of slip.Glaze spots.Kiln
waste, Context [10], Phase 1.
19. Fabric 2, type H. Slip well covered.
Sooting on rim. Ditch fill, Context [6],
Phase 2.
20. Fabric 1, type J.Wet slip applied,
wheel throwing marks well defined.Context [13],Phase 2.
21. Fabric 1, type G.Wet slip. Context
[29], Phase 2.
22. Fabric 2,type H. Badly eroded.
Context [18],Phase 2.
23. Fabric 1,type K. Kiln waste,
Context [10],Phase 1.
24. Fabric 1, type L.Glaze and slip on
interior.Wheel throwing marks
apparent on interior and exterior. Rimeroded. Quartzite inclusion 10 mm
width exterior.Kiln waste,
Context[[10],Phase 1.
Fig. 6 Cooking Pots/Storage Jars with Everted Rims.
25. Fabric 2, type B.Badly eroded.
Ditch fill,Context [25], Phase 2.
26. Fabric 2, type A.Slip finish and glaze
spots on rim.Context [29], Phase 2.
27. Fabric 1, type A.Badly eroded.Unstratified.
28. Fabric 1,type B. Slip finish.
Unstratified.
29. Fabric 1, type C.Slip, well finished.
Unstratified.
30. Fabric 1,type C. Slip finish.Ditch
fill, Context [25], Phase 2.
31. Fabric 1, type A.Slip finish.Context [29], Phase 2.
32. Fabric 2, type A.Badly eroded.
Medieval plough-soil,Context [27],
Phase 3.
33. Fabric 2, type C.Eroded. Unstratified.
34. Fabric 2, type A.Hard fired. Medieval
plough-soil, Context [27], Phase 3.
35. Fabric 2, type B.Eroded.Void16mm width.Context [18], Phase 2.
36. Fabric 2, type O. Concretion under
rim. Slip on rim and interior. Medieval
plough-soil, Context [27], Phase 3.
37. Fabric 3, type C.Slip finish.
Medieval plough-soil,Context [27],
Phase 3.
38. Fabric 2, type C.Badly eroded.Ditch fill,Context [6], Phase 2.
39. Fabric 1, type C.Slip, well finished.
Kiln waste,Context [8], Phase 1.
Fig. 7 Cooking Pot/Storage Jars with Clubbed Rims.
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A l ti f INTRODUCTION
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45
An evaluation ofgeochemicalfingerprinting for the
provenancing ofScottish red ware
pottery
Simon Chenery, Emrys Phillips
and George Haggarty
SUMMARY
A geochemical study was undertaken to
evaluate whether it was possible to accurately
fingerprint Scottish, Post-Medieval and
later red ware pottery sherds. The primary
objective was to establish a set of criteria to
distinguish between the pottery sherds, on
both a site and regional basis, as an aid to
provenancing. These preliminary
investigations also utilised the British
Geological Surveys national geochemical
database of stream sediment analyses as an
aid to predicting the potential clay source
regions. The results of this study clearly
demonstrate the potential power of this
combined geochemical and statistical
approach, and its application to archaeological
site investigations.
INTRODUCTION
Establishing the provenance or source of clay for pottery
manufacture is a recurrent problem for many archaeological
studies. Over the last few decades a number of observational
techniques, i.e. thin section optical microscopy and
instrumental techniques, including the geochemical
characterisation of pottery sherds, have been applied to this
problem. Previously, one of the most common and
techniques was instrumental neutron activation analysis
(INAA), in studies such as that on Tating Ware (Stilke et al.
1996) or Inscker and Tate, 1991 on Scottish medieval
pottery. However, during the 1990s, the closure of many
nuclear reactor facilities necessary for INAA has led to the
use of other analytical techniques with some success, for
example inductively coupled plasma atomic emission
spectrometry (ICP-AES) (Bruno et al. 2000).
This paper describes the results of a geochemical study ofScottish Post Medieval red ware pottery, which was
undertaken to evaluate whether it was possible to accurately
fingerprint pottery sherds as an aid to provenancing. The
study utilised ICP-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) which is a
highly sensitive modern analytical technique and is
compatible with the earlier used INAA. For a more detailed
comparison between INAA and ICP-MS analytical
techniques the reader is referred to Holmes (1997).
The suite of pottery sherds provided for analysis were
selected from eleven archaeological sites, located within five
geographical regions across Scotland (Fig. 1). These sampleswere divided into two groups. The first provided a training
Fig. 1 Location maps of red ware pottery sites sampled or discussed in
this study.Medieval Ceramics 25, 4553,2001
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Acknowledgements
As ever, we are very grateful to all the regional contributors who
have searched their local journals for references to ceramics and
without whom the wide coverage of this bibliography would not
have been possible: S Anderson, D H Brown, R Burchill, J P Cotter,
G J Dawson, J E C Edwards, C Fletcher, D P Hurl,B M Hurman, J D
Hurst, T Hylton, J R Kenyon, R Meenan, L Mepham, D Sawday and
H Walker.
Liz Pieksma, 58 High Street, Sharnbrook,Beds, MK44 1PE
Dr P J Davey, Reader in Archaeology, Department of Archaeology,
University of Liverpool
Dr P R Tomlinson, Centre for Manx Studies, Douglas
MEDIEVAL CERAMICS
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MEDIEVAL CERAMICS
CORRIGENDA
J. M. Lewis, The Medieval Tiles of Wales (Cardiff 1999)
Several minor mistakes that are likely to bewilder and irritate the
close reader went undetected during the proof-reading of the
b E li if i i l i d b h
p.104 column 1
in line 16, for 812 read 815.
p.233 column 2
under Group 24, for 394A read 394B.
p.235 column 2
in line 15 and under Group 26, for 473 read 476.
p.237 column 2
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134
above. Errata slips, even if conscientiously inserted by the
publisher, are notoriously liable to become mislaid, so it might behelpful if they are published here, with accompanying apologies
for the necessity of having to do so.
ERRATA
p.24 column 2
under Group 10, in lines 3-4:
delete The Whitland example...........this group.
p.41 column 1
in line 26: for 248, 250 read 248-49.
in line 29: for 250 read 249.
p.70 column 1
in line 5: for 458-60 read 461-63.
p.71 column 1
in line 8: for 472 read 474;
under Group 27: in line 2 for 474-81 read 478-84;
in line 3 for 482-87 read 485-90.
p.75 column 1
under no.504, for 501 read 503.
column 2
in line 8, for 489 read 491-92.
p
underGroup 62
, for 813 read 812.
p.239 column 2
in line 4, for 60 read 61;
under Group 21, for 318A read 318B.
p.240 column 2
in line 9, for RCAM 1900 read RCAHM 1911.
p.245 column 2
under Ungrouped tiles, for 498 read 501.
p.246 column 2
under Group 27, for 474-87 read 477-90.
p.248 column 2
under Group 62, for 812 read 815.
p.259 column 2
under Group 26, for 465 read 467.
p.260 column 1
under Group 24, for 394A read 394B.
p.263 column 1
under Group 28, for 488-9read 491-92.
J.M. Lewis
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