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Aerial Perspective
• While not mandatory, it is helpful to complete a lesson on aerial perspective prior to beginning the medieval castle lessons.
• This lesson, from Teachers Pay Teachers, has everything you need to lead a very successful lesson on aerial perspective. https://goo.gl/hsQMos
Quick Build: A Catapult
• In a group, build a working catapult-9 popsicle sticks, 6 rubber bands,1 plastic spoon
-No devices
-6 minutes
-You do not have to use all of the items
-You can break items, but you will not get replacements
Does your catapult work?
How do catapults work?
A catapult is made using simple machines called fulcrum and lever.
https://goo.gl/hrZLA8 and https://goo.gl/rTO5LQ
Catapults are a medieval war machine
We will use our catapults later in this unit. Remember what you’ve learned!
What does “Medieval” mean?
• “old fashioned” or primitive• Of or relating to the Middle Ages• period of European history from A.D.
500-1500
Image of London in 13th centuryPlaying chess
Europe in A.D. 998
Medieval Europe relied on Feudalism
a political, economic, and social system based on loyalty and military service
Medieval Social Hierarchy
What do people get from the King?
CASTLES!
Castles were built for protection
Castle vs. Palace
Buckingham PalaceEnglandBuilt 1703
Conway CastleWales
built 1283
Castle vs. Palace
Buckingham PalaceEnglandBuilt 1703
Conway CastleWales
built 1283
What makes a building a castle?
What makes a building a castle?
What makes a building a castle?
A castle is. . .
• A (usually large) fortified building or set of buildings
Conway Castle
Conway Castle
• “greatest fortress in Europe”
• Built by King Edward I• Built 1283• Sits on rocks and
water• 8 towers, 2 barbicans• Walls are 15 feet thick• Tallest tower is 30 feet
Aerial Perspective of Conway Castle
Blueprint of Conway Castle
Major architectural elements of a Castle?
• You will design a blueprint for your own castle
• You will use this planning sheet to help you
The Great Hall
The main room of a castle.
Where meals were eaten, celebrations
happened, the King met with
nobles, etc.
Crenellation / Battlement
A place for defenders to stand & ward off attacks.
Ashlar
Blocks of smooth stone of any kind
Wall Walk
The walk-way along the top of the castle wall. Used for protection and defense.
Tower
Used for protection, living, and guarding
“special guests.” Can be cylindrical
or cubical.
Kitchen
A medieval kitchen was usually in
separate building from all other castle buildings. Why do you think this was
the case?
Armory
A building where the weapons are
kept.
Dungeon
A place to put prisoners.
It could just be a room OR have
objects to torture prisoners.
Ouibuliette
An underground dungeon only
accessible through a hole in the floor of a building inside
the castle keep. Prisoners did not come back out,
and were not fed.
Moat
A deep trench, usually filled with water, that surrounds a castle. Not all castles have moats. Most medieval
people believed only witches could swim.
Finial
A slender piece of stone used to
decorate the tops of towers.
Sometimes, has a flag attached.
Portcullis
Vertical, sliding, wooden/metal grill suspended
in front of a gateway
(usually at the main entrance
to a castle).
Murder Holes
3-4 holes in the wall walk above the main entry-way of a castle. Used to drop tar/water/oil onto would-be
castle attackers.
Arrow Slit
Narrow window from which
archers can shoot arrows.
Barbican
Stone protection for the main castle gate;
sometimes a gate house.
Drawbridge
A moveable bridge that can be pulled
up to protect a castle. When
down, acts as a bridge across the
moat.
Postern Gate
A secondary door or gate in a castle. Often in a hidden place that allow people to come and go secretly. Why is
it very important that a castle have a postern gate?
Solar
The 2nd story of the Great Hall. Usually, where the King & Queen slept. Not
all Great Halls have a solar.
Sometimes, you need a trebuchet
A trebuchet is a medieval war machine. It is similar to a catapult, but much more powerful.
https://goo.gl/C9tehg
Storming a castle with trebuchet
https://goo.gl/P7WM2A and https://goo.gl/zHfbr4
Design a blueprint of your own castle
Design a blueprint of your own castle
Design a blueprint of your own castle
Design a blueprint of your own castle
Design a blueprint of your own castle
Castle building
• Groups of 2-4• Pick 1 castle
blueprint– Glue guns– School glue– Cardboard – Scissors– Paper– paint
Cardboard Assemblage Commandments
1. All the cardboard belongs to ye olde teacher.
2. Ye shall not hard the cardboard. If it’s not glued down; it’s not yours.
3. Ye shall not stab with or use scissors in any manner other than the intended manner.
4. If thy argues about cardboard ownership, ye olde teacher will take the cardboard from both parties.
5. Ye shall label ALL work and supplies with the name of at least one group member.
1. Ye shall not hide the “good scissors” or any other material.
2. ALL the glue guns belong to ye old teacher.
3. Only 2 group members can use a glue gun at a time.
4. Ye shall not glue anything other than cardboard w/o approval from ye old teacher.
5. Ye shall NEVER take an item from another group’s “stash” w/o speaking to ye old teacher first.
Build your Castles
Castle Siege
We will have a “Siege Tournament” using our castles and catapults.
You can use the catapult you made in your Quick Build.
Or, in your own time, build a working trebuchet and/or perfect your catapult.
Castle Siege
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