Medicinal Plants

A SEMINARON

CULTIVATION AND COLLETCTION OF MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS IN INDIA

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A SEMINARON

CULTIVATION AND COLLETCTION OF MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS IN INDIA


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CONTENTS

ASHWAGANDHA

VANILLA

ALOEVERA

INTRODUCTION

JATAMANSI

JOJOBA

DAVANA

CONCLUSION

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INTRODUCTION1.Herbs are nature’s gift to mankind and a herbalrenaissance is blooming across the world.2. Plants have been one of the important sources of medicines since the beginning of human civilization3. The natural products obtained from plants and animals are used as such or will be modified using the basic molecule as lead compound. The lead compounds are modified accordingly to show affinity and efficacy.4. About 8,000 herbal remedies have been codified in Ayurveda. The Rigveda (5000 BC) has recorded 67 medicinal plants


ALOEVERA PLANT PROFILE

SYNONYMS:Aloes, Musabbar, Kalabanda, Kumari.

BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:Aloes is the fresh (or) dried juice of the leaves of different speices like Aloe barbadensis (curacao aloe),Aloe ferox(capealoe), scotrine and Zanzibar aloe from Aloe perryi belonging to the family Liliaceae.Hybrids of the aloe species like Aloe Atricana and Aloe spicata.

GEOGRAPHICAL SOURCE:Aloes is indigenous to eastern & southern africa and is grown in cape colony.It is grown in world wide.It is also cultivated in Carbben island, Europe & India.In India is cultivated in many regions like North West Himalayam region.


CULTIVATION AND COLLECTION CULTIVATION AND COLLECTION

CLIMATEIt is grown in almost all parts in India even under constant drought condition how ever, the crop grows well in entire tropical and sub tropical regions. it is usually cultivated between march and June and is found growing in warm, humid or dry climate it does not tolerate in cold weather &low temperature

SOIL:Aloe it is hardly plant and grows on a variety of soils. it is grown successfully in marginal to sub marginal soils having low fertility. The plants have tendency to tolerate high pH with high sodium and potassium salts.Water- logged conditions and problematic soils do not suit the plants. It can also grow in poor grade soil.


CULTIVATION DETAILS:1. METHOD OF PROPAGATION:For propagation of the plants, root suckers are preferred but cuttings from rhizomes mayalso be use as planting materials about 3-4 months old suckers having 4 to 5 leaves and 20 to 25 cm in length are used. 2. TIME OF CULTIVATION:Towards last week of June or in month of July it is after first showers of monsoon (the period of summer and winter rainy season) it is cultivated.


ALOE VERA


VANILLA PLANT PROFILE

BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:Vanilla consists of curved, fully grown,unripe fruits of climbing orchid – vanilla planifolia, belonging to family orcchidaceae..

GEOGRAPHICAL SOURCE:Vanilla is indigenous to eastcost of MexicoIt is also found in Mauritius, Tahiti Togo & SrilankaIt is also cultivated in Carbben island, Europe & India.In India is cultivated in Kerala, TamilNadu & Karnataka



CLIMATEIt requires warm and humid climate; grows well in humid tropics.It cannot withstand full sunshine and hence, require filtered sunshine to the extent of 50% Younger vines Are rather shade – loving as compared to the grown up ones.

SOIL:Vanilla grows well on slopy land with sandy loam soilIt does not withstand water logging.ALTITUDE :It thrives well from sea level upto 400to450 mts.RAINFALLIt requires well distributed rainfall, ranging between 160to 320 cms.TEMPERATURE Ranging between 0 to 25 Degree C is ideal.


CULTIVATION DETAILS:1. METHOD OF PROPAGATION:It can be prppagated widely by using cuttings of the plant or also by tissue culture method2. TIME OF CULTIVATION:Suitable time for planting the cuttings is either before onset of monsoon i.e in the month of May-June or after rainy season. i.e in the month of Octobar to November.USES :It is used as a flavouring agent and also in perfumery.


ASHWAGANDHA PLANT PROFILE

SYNONYMS:Withania root, Asgandha Winter cherry.

BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:It consists of roots (dried) and stem bases of withania somnifera belonging to family Solanaceae.

GEOGRAPHICAL SOURCE:It usually grows widely in dry and subtropical parts of india.In india it is found in North Westerm parts of Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and Plains of Punjab.



CLIMATEDry and subtropical parts. Also grows as late rainy season kharif crop.

SOIL:Light red or sandy loam soil with good water draingae. Ph of Soil ranging between 7.5 -8.0.ALTITUDE :Ascending to an altitude of 1500 metres in Himalayas.TEMPERATURE Ranging, between 30 to 35 Degree C.RAINFALL :Semi tropical areas receiving 660- 750mm of rainfall are suitable for cultivation.


CULTIVATION DETAILS:1. METHOD OF PROPAGATION:Usually by seeed : using broadcasting method or by transplanting method. 2. TIME OF CULTIVATION:Sowing is done generally during july to august after two – third of rainfall is over when soil is saturated.


MEDICINAL USES:1.It has main sedative and hypnotic effect.2.Externally, it is used in treatment of inflammatory condition, ulcers and scables.3.Internally consummed with millk and ghee produces nutrition.4.Roots restor loss of memory also uese as important immunomodulatory agent.


JOJOBA PLANT PROFILE

SYNONYMS:Hohoba

BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:Jojoba oil is obtained from the seeds of simmondisa chinensis belonging to family Buxacea.

GEOGRAPHICAL SOURCE:It is indigenous to southwestern USA(Arizona and California) and North Western Mexico. In India its commercial cultivation has been tried in Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Orissa and in the costal areas.



CLIMATEIt is a drought resistant crop and grows well in dry weather.It cannot tolerate low temperature and foggy climate.

SOIL:It is cultivated in arid or sandy calcarious soil with 10to 40% clay and 60 to 90% sandALTITUDE :300 to 1600 metress from sea levelTEMPERATURE Ranging, between 30 to 35 Degree C.RAINFALL :Low rainfall, about 15 to 50 cm


CULTIVATION DETAILS:1. METHOD OF PROPAGATION:It can be propagated directly by sowing seeds or by transplanting the seedling grown in nursery beds.Jojoba plants bear unisexual flowers and it is very diffucult to distinguish the sex of the plant.If the seeds are used for propagation one has to bear the expenses of both types of plants up Their flowering i.e for three years and it is very expensive.Hence jojoba is propagated economically by stem cutting only. 2. TIME OF CULTIVATION:It can be cultivated twice in a year in June – July and October – November.HARVESTING AND COLLECTION :It takes about 4 years to bear fruits.They are hand picked. When they turn red in colour. The plants live for more than 100 years.One about 1300 to 1350 plants are grown in one hectare of land


MEDICINAL USES:1.It is used as valuable substitute for sperm whale oil cosmetics, as a lubricant and in various industrial chemicals.2.Commercially jojoba oil is used as a lubricant.


JATAMANSI PLANT PROFILE

SYNONYMS:Nard, Indian spike nard,mansi.

BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:Jatamansi consists of dried rhizomes of Nardostachys belong to family Valerianaceae

GEOGRAPHICAL SOURCE:It is found in alpine Himalayas, hills of Hmachal Pradesh. Uttaranchal. Jammu and Kashmir.



CLIMATEIt grows well at higher altitudes in temperate to tropical regions. Moist and partially sunny areas.

SOIL:It flourishes in sandy loam soil, richin organic matted.It grows in soil with acidic pH Ranging from 4 to 5.5.ALTITUDE :It is found a highet altidue from 3300-5000m.TEMPERATURE Ranging, between 10 to 30 Degree C.


CULTIVATION DETAILS:1. METHOD OF PROPAGATION:It can be prppagated by using seed and also vegetatively through splitting of roots. 2. TIME OF CULTIVATION:Nursery raising is carried out during month of july – august and transplanting (seedling) During September – October The roots are transplanted during March – April

HARVESTING AND COLLECTION :Crop raised from seedlings are ready for harvesting after a period of three years of plantation.They are harvested just after maturation. To achieve higher amount of bio active ingredients, Plants are harvested during the month of September .COLLECTION :The harvesed roots are washed with water to remove the soil.


MEDICINAL USES:1.It is used as sedative, antispasmodic, diuretic.2.Used in epilepsy3.The Oil is also used as hair – tonic.


DAVANA PLANT PROFILE

BIOLOGICAL SOURCE:It consists of dried leaves and flowers of herb artemisia pallens Belonging to family compositae

GEOGRAPHICAL SOURCE:It is found and cultivated in karnataka , Andhrapradehs, Mahrashtra and Tamilnadu.



CLIMATEIt is temperate plant which grows well in cold climate but does not tolerate snow Fall,

SOIL:It is adapted to wide varitey of soil though sandy loam soil is more suitable for its proper Growth..ALTITUDE :100 – 300 m above sea leavelTEMPERATURE Ranging, between 25 to 30 Degree C.RAINFALL :Well distrubuted rainfall.


CULTIVATION DETAILS:1. METHOD OF PROPAGATION:It is prppagated from seeds .Seredings are raised on nursery beds and then transplanted to the main farm during appropriate climatic conditions. 2. TIME OF CULTIVATION:Since oil content depends on the weather conditions.It is Cultivated during Winter i.e September.

HARVESTING AND COLLECTION :4-5 Months after cultivation, whent the herb strts flowering ite is harvested .Harvesting is done twice.


MEDICINAL USES:1.It is used high grade perfume.2.Flavoring agent in cakes, pastries and also for flavoring tobacco. 3.Used in epilepsy4.The Oil is also used as hair – tonic.


REFERENCES1.Stockewll C. 1988 Nature’s pharmacy, century Hutchinson Ltd. London united Kingdom2.Thomason W.A.R(ed)1978 Medicines from the earth Hill – Book Co., maidenhead United Kingdom3.Dr.C.K. Kokate4.Tenny, eanne, aloe Vera,(Utach: Woodland Publishing 1997)5.Serrention J. How natural remedies work point robetr: Harely and Marks publishers 1991


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