Medical Science Year 10

Year 10

Ms Gibellini

Identify the major bones of the skeleton and describe its function

Understand the concept of antagonistic muscles

Label major features of a synovial joint

Identify the major features and functions of the human circulatory system

Outline the basic composition of human blood

Identify the major features and functions of arteries, veins and capillaries

Label the features of the human heart.

Understand the basic process of respiration

Identify the major features of the human respiratory system

Describe the mechanics of breathing

Distinguish between respiration and breathing

Identify the features of the male and female reproductive systems

Explain how fertilisation occurs in humans

http://lgfl.skoool.co.uk/content/primary/science/animal_support_systems/index.html

http://lgfl.skoool.co.uk/content/primary/science/how_my_body_moves/index.html

http://lgfl.skoool.co.uk/content/primary/science/body_frame_functions/index.html

http://lgfl.skoool.co.uk/content/primary/science/body_frame_skeleton/index.html

Protect organs

Support

Makes red blood cells

Used to create movement with

muscles

When a muscle contracts (shortens) it pulls on the tendon which pulls on the bone to cause movement.

Muscles work in pairs because they can only pull, not push (one pulls arm up, other pulls arm down)

Pairs of muscles work in the opposite direction –antagonistic pairs

Tendons connect muscle to bone

Ligaments link bones

Many animals have skeletal systems that are very similar to ours.

Our leg is very much like that of a chicken leg including:

• femur (thigh bone)• knee (hinge joint)• fibula and tibia (smaller bones of the shin)• cartilage• ligaments

These are all part of our skeletal system. Beyond that, we also have similar muscle structure, tendons, fat, and skin. We will be exploring each of these similar characteristics.

Tissue Colour Stretchiness HardnessAre Fibres

Visible?

Thickness

(mm)

Skin

Muscle

Tendon

Ligament

Cartilage

Tissue Colour Stretchiness HardnessAre Fibres

Visible?

Thickness

(mm)

Skinwhite No Soft No 1mm

MusclePink Yes Soft Yes 30mm

TendonWhite No Very hard No 2mm

Ligament White/

greyNo Soft No 2mm

CartilageWhite No Soft No

3mm

Dissecting a Chicken LegCheck for Understanding

Match the Vocabulary word to the correct definition:

cartilage

ligament

tendon

fat

skin

muscle

blood vessel

bone

joint

A). Fibers that contract and relax to effect body movement

B). An elastic tube through which blood circulates.

C). A tough, semi-rigid, calcified part of the skeleton

D). connects two bones together.

E). protective covering

F). It covers the surface of joints, allowing bones to slide over

one another, thus reducing friction and preventing damage.

Keeps bones from touching one another.

G). connects muscle to bone

H). A point of connection between two movable parts

I). is important in energy metabolism, heat insulation and

cushioning. A yellow jelly-like substance.

_____

_____

_____

_____

_____

_____

_____

_____

_____

http://lgfl.skoool.co.uk/content/keystage3/

biology/pc/learnPathLessons/LPL3/frameset.

htm

http://e-

learningforkids.org/Courses/EN/blood_circul

ation/base.htm?cs_value=1&mastery_score=0

29/01/2015

29/01/2015

Transports nutrients, water, and oxygen to your billions of body cells so they can function

Carries away wastes such as carbon dioxide that body cells produce.

Parts of the Circulatory System

The HeartThe BloodBlood Vessels – Arteries, veins,

capillaries

http://lgfl.skoool.co.uk/content/keystage3/

biology/pc/learningsteps/SOHLC/launch.htm

l

http://www.e-

learningforkids.org/Courses/Liquid_Animatio

n/Body_Parts/Blood/index.html

29/01/2015

29/01/2015

Blood carries food, oxygen and

hormones to the cells around your

body, it removes wastes, carbon

dioxide and extra heat from the

cells.

Blood is made up of:

• Plasma – saline solution, blood

is mostly this

• Red blood cells – transport CO2

& O2

• Blood platelets – clotting agent

• White blood cells – fight

infection

29/01/2015

29/01/2015

29/01/2015

Gases move from high to low concentration

CO2 moves out of cells and into blood

O2 moves out of blood and into cells

Ribs, diaphragm and lungs move to change

pressure to cause air to move in and out of

lungs

Inhaling oxygen

Exhaling

carbon dioxide

Page 184 Scipad

Converting oxygen and glucose into energy to

be used by muscles

Produces carbon dioxide and water as a

waste

http://lrrpublic.cli.det.nsw.edu.au/lrrSecure

/Sites/Web/skoool/bio/sim/breathing%20and

%20respiration/index.htm

http://www.e-

learningforkids.org/Courses/Liquid_Anima

tion/Body_Parts/Heart_and_Circulation/i

ndex.html

http://lgfl.skoool.co.uk/content/keystage3/biol

ogy/pc/learningsteps/FRMLC/launch.html

http://lgfl.skoool.co.uk/content/keystage3/biol

ogy/pc/learningsteps/MRSLC/launch.html

http://lgfl.skoool.co.uk/content/keystage3/biol

ogy/pc/learningsteps/HUFLC/launch.html

1. Scapula

2. Humerous

3. Ulna

4. Radius

5. Ribcage

6. Vertebrae

7. Pelvis

8. Femur

9. Oesophagus

10. Stomach

11. Duodenum

12. Liver

13. Gall bladder

14. ?

15. Pancreas

16. Small intestine

17. Appendix

18. Large intestine

19. Rectum

20. Anus

21. Kidney

22. Ureter

23. Bladder

24. Urethra

25. Vans deferens

26. Testes

27. Penis

28. Larynx

29. Trachea

30. Bronchus

31. Lung

32. Heart

33. Diaphragm

34. Clavicle

35. Sternum

36. ribs